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1 | 1 | # CacheCraft [](https://github.com/0mega28/CacheCraft/actions/workflows/ci.yml) |
2 | 2 |
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| 3 | +A flexible and extensible in-memory cache implementation in Java with support for multiple eviction policies. |
| 4 | + |
3 | 5 | ## Overview |
4 | | -**CacheCraft** is a comprehensive repository dedicated to the implementation and study of various caching mechanisms and design patterns. This project aims to provide a learning platform for developers to understand and apply different caching strategies and design patterns in real-world scenarios. |
5 | 6 |
|
6 | | -## Objectives |
7 | | -- **Educational Resource**: Serve as a learning tool for developers to grasp the concepts of caching and design patterns. |
8 | | -- **Practical Implementations**: Provide hands-on examples and code implementations of various caching strategies. |
9 | | -- **Design Patterns**: Explore how different design patterns can be applied to enhance caching mechanisms. |
10 | | -- **Best Practices**: Highlight best practices and common pitfalls in cache design and implementation. |
| 7 | +This library provides a generic cache implementation with pluggable eviction policies. It allows developers to store key-value pairs in memory with automatic eviction of entries when the cache reaches its capacity limit. |
| 8 | + |
| 9 | +## Features |
| 10 | + |
| 11 | +- Generic type support for both keys and values |
| 12 | +- Multiple eviction policies: |
| 13 | + - LRU (Least Recently Used) |
| 14 | + - LFU (Least Frequently Used) |
| 15 | + - FIFO (First In First Out) |
| 16 | + - LIFO (Last In First Out) |
| 17 | + - Random |
| 18 | +- Configurable capacity |
| 19 | +- Extensible design for custom eviction policies |
| 20 | + |
| 21 | +## Getting Started |
| 22 | + |
| 23 | +### Creating a Cache |
| 24 | + |
| 25 | +```java |
| 26 | +// Create an LRU cache with capacity of 100 |
| 27 | +Cache<String, User> userCache = CacheFactory.getCache(EvictionPolicy.LRU, 100); |
| 28 | + |
| 29 | +// Create an LFU cache with capacity of 50 |
| 30 | +Cache<Integer, String> dataCache = CacheFactory.getCache(EvictionPolicy.LFU, 50); |
| 31 | +``` |
| 32 | + |
| 33 | +### Using the Cache |
| 34 | + |
| 35 | +```java |
| 36 | +// Store a value |
| 37 | +userCache.put("user123", new User("John Doe")); |
| 38 | + |
| 39 | +// Retrieve a value |
| 40 | +Optional<User> user = userCache.get("user123"); |
| 41 | + |
| 42 | +// Check cache size |
| 43 | +int cacheSize = userCache.size(); |
| 44 | +``` |
| 45 | + |
| 46 | +## Eviction Policies |
| 47 | + |
| 48 | +The library supports the following eviction policies: |
| 49 | + |
| 50 | +### LRU (Least Recently Used) |
| 51 | +Evicts the least recently accessed entries first. Best for access patterns with temporal locality. |
| 52 | + |
| 53 | +### LFU (Least Frequently Used) |
| 54 | +Evicts entries that are used least frequently. Good for access patterns where popularity matters more than recency. |
| 55 | + |
| 56 | +### FIFO (First In First Out) |
| 57 | +Evicts the oldest entries first, operating like a queue. Simple and predictable. |
| 58 | + |
| 59 | +### LIFO (Last In First Out) |
| 60 | +Evicts the newest entries first, operating like a stack. |
| 61 | + |
| 62 | +### Random |
| 63 | +Evicts entries at random. Simple but can be useful in certain scenarios. |
| 64 | + |
| 65 | +## Architecture |
| 66 | + |
| 67 | +The project follows a clean, modular architecture: |
| 68 | + |
| 69 | +- `Cache`: Main interface for cache operations |
| 70 | +- `CacheFactory`: Factory to create appropriate cache instances |
| 71 | +- `CacheImpl`: Core implementation of the Cache interface |
| 72 | +- `EvictionPolicy`: Interface for pluggable eviction strategies |
| 73 | +- `Storage`: Interface for underlying data storage |
| 74 | + |
| 75 | +### Class Diagram |
| 76 | + |
| 77 | +``` |
| 78 | +Cache (Interface) |
| 79 | + ↑ |
| 80 | +CacheImpl ──────► Storage ◄─── HashMapStorage |
| 81 | + │ ↑ |
| 82 | + │ └─── ArrayListStorage |
| 83 | + │ |
| 84 | + └───► EvictionPolicy ◄─── OrderBasedEvictionPolicy ◄─── LRUEvictionPolicy |
| 85 | + ↑ ↑ └─── FIFOEvictionPolicy |
| 86 | + │ └─── LIFOEvictionPolicy |
| 87 | + │ └─── DefaultEvictionPolicy |
| 88 | + └─── LFUEvictionPolicy |
| 89 | +``` |
| 90 | + |
| 91 | +## Data Structures |
| 92 | + |
| 93 | +The library uses the following data structures: |
| 94 | + |
| 95 | +- `HashMap`: For O(1) key-value lookups |
| 96 | +- `DoublyLinkedList`: For efficient implementation of ordering-based policies |
| 97 | +- Custom data structures for frequency tracking in LFU |
| 98 | + |
| 99 | +## Performance |
| 100 | + |
| 101 | +The cache operations have the following time complexities: |
11 | 102 |
|
12 | | -## Contributions |
13 | | -We welcome contributions! If you have ideas, improvements, or new caching strategies to add, please feel free to submit a pull request. For major changes, please open an issue first to discuss what you would like to change. |
| 103 | +- `get`: O(1) for all policies |
| 104 | +- `put`: O(1) for all policies |
| 105 | +- Eviction: O(1) for all policies |
| 106 | + |
| 107 | +## Examples |
| 108 | + |
| 109 | +### LRU Cache Example |
| 110 | + |
| 111 | +```java |
| 112 | +// Create an LRU cache with capacity of 3 |
| 113 | +Cache<String, String> lruCache = CacheFactory.getCache(EvictionPolicy.LRU, 3); |
| 114 | + |
| 115 | +// Add entries |
| 116 | +lruCache.put("key1", "value1"); |
| 117 | +lruCache.put("key2", "value2"); |
| 118 | +lruCache.put("key3", "value3"); |
| 119 | + |
| 120 | +// Access key1 (making key2 the least recently used) |
| 121 | +lruCache.get("key1"); |
| 122 | + |
| 123 | +// Add a new entry, which will evict key2 |
| 124 | +lruCache.put("key4", "value4"); |
| 125 | + |
| 126 | +// key2 should be evicted |
| 127 | +assert lruCache.get("key2").isEmpty(); |
| 128 | +``` |
| 129 | + |
| 130 | +### LFU Cache Example |
| 131 | + |
| 132 | +```java |
| 133 | +// Create an LFU cache with capacity of 3 |
| 134 | +Cache<Integer, Integer> lfuCache = CacheFactory.getCache(EvictionPolicy.LFU, 3); |
| 135 | + |
| 136 | +// Add entries |
| 137 | +lfuCache.put(1, 10); |
| 138 | +lfuCache.put(2, 20); |
| 139 | +lfuCache.put(3, 30); |
| 140 | + |
| 141 | +// Access key1 multiple times |
| 142 | +lfuCache.get(1); |
| 143 | +lfuCache.get(1); |
| 144 | + |
| 145 | +// Access key2 once |
| 146 | +lfuCache.get(2); |
| 147 | + |
| 148 | +// Add a new entry, which will evict key3 (least frequently used) |
| 149 | +lfuCache.put(4, 40); |
| 150 | + |
| 151 | +// key3 should be evicted |
| 152 | +assert lfuCache.get(3).isEmpty(); |
| 153 | +``` |
| 154 | + |
| 155 | +## Extension Points |
| 156 | + |
| 157 | +This library is designed to be extensible. Here are some ways to extend it: |
| 158 | + |
| 159 | +### Custom Eviction Policy |
| 160 | + |
| 161 | +Implement the `EvictionPolicy` interface to create your own eviction strategy: |
| 162 | + |
| 163 | +```java |
| 164 | +public class MyCustomEvictionPolicy<K> implements EvictionPolicy<K> { |
| 165 | + // Implement the required methods |
| 166 | +} |
| 167 | +``` |
| 168 | + |
| 169 | +### Custom Storage |
| 170 | + |
| 171 | +You can also implement your own storage mechanism: |
| 172 | + |
| 173 | +```java |
| 174 | +public class MyCustomStorage<K, V> implements Storage<K, V> { |
| 175 | + // Implement the required methods |
| 176 | +} |
| 177 | +``` |
| 178 | + |
| 179 | +## Testing |
| 180 | + |
| 181 | +The library includes comprehensive unit tests for each eviction policy and core components: |
| 182 | + |
| 183 | +- `DefaultCacheTest`: Basic cache functionality tests |
| 184 | +- `LRUCacheTest`: Tests specific to LRU eviction |
| 185 | +- `LFUCacheTest`: Tests specific to LFU eviction |
| 186 | +- `FIFOCacheTest`: Tests specific to FIFO eviction |
| 187 | +- `LIFOCacheTest`: Tests specific to LIFO eviction |
| 188 | +- `DoublyLinkedListTest`: Tests for the internal data structure |
| 189 | + |
| 190 | +## Requirements |
| 191 | + |
| 192 | +- Java 17 or higher |
| 193 | +- JUnit 5 for tests |
14 | 194 |
|
15 | 195 | ## License |
16 | | -This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the [LICENSE](LICENSE) file for details. |
| 196 | + |
| 197 | +This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file for details. |
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