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IP Access Control Bypass via Untrusted X-Forwarded-For Headers

Moderate
wanghe-fit2cloud published GHSA-7cqv-qcq2-r765 Dec 8, 2025

Package

gomod github.com/1Panel-dev/1Panel (Go)

Affected versions

All versions

Patched versions

v2.0.14

Description

Summary

The server trusts all reverse-proxy headers by default, so any remote client can spoof X-Forwarded-For to bypass IP-based protections (AllowIPs, API IP whitelist, “localhost-only” checks). All IP-based access control becomes ineffective.

Details

  • Gin is created with defaults (gin.Default()), which sets TrustedProxies = 0.0.0.0/0 and uses X-Forwarded-For/X-Real-IP to compute ClientIP().

  • IP-based controls rely on ClientIP():

    • AllowIPs / BindDomain (core/middleware/ip_limit.go, core/utils/security/security.go).
    • API IP whitelist (core/middleware/api_auth.go).
    • "localhost-only" checks that depend on ClientIP().

  • Because no trusted-proxy range is enforced, any client can send X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1 (or a whitelisted IP) and be treated as coming from that address.

Impact

All IP-based access control is rendered ineffective: remote clients can masquerade as localhost or any whitelisted IP, defeating AllowIPs, API IP whitelists, and “localhost-only” protections.

Severity

Moderate

CVSS overall score

This score calculates overall vulnerability severity from 0 to 10 and is based on the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS).
/ 10

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector
Network
Attack complexity
Low
Privileges required
None
User interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
Low
Availability
None

CVSS v3 base metrics

Attack vector: More severe the more the remote (logically and physically) an attacker can be in order to exploit the vulnerability.
Attack complexity: More severe for the least complex attacks.
Privileges required: More severe if no privileges are required.
User interaction: More severe when no user interaction is required.
Scope: More severe when a scope change occurs, e.g. one vulnerable component impacts resources in components beyond its security scope.
Confidentiality: More severe when loss of data confidentiality is highest, measuring the level of data access available to an unauthorized user.
Integrity: More severe when loss of data integrity is the highest, measuring the consequence of data modification possible by an unauthorized user.
Availability: More severe when the loss of impacted component availability is highest.
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVE ID

CVE-2025-66508

Weaknesses

Authentication Bypass by Spoofing

This attack-focused weakness is caused by incorrectly implemented authentication schemes that are subject to spoofing attacks. Learn more on MITRE.

Credits