feat: Auto convert between oiio:ColorSpace and CICP attributes in I/O (#4964)

When reading image files with CICP metadata, automatically set the
corresponding "oiio:ColorSpace". When writing files that support CICP
and no other colorspace metadata can represent "oiio:ColorSpace",
automatically write CICP metadata.

Setting "oiio:ColorSpace" on read prefers scene referred over display
referred color spaces, changing existing behavior as little as possible.
The alternative would have been to interpret the presence of CICP
metadata as an indication that the image is likely display referred,
which might be reasonable too. Either way it's a guess.

There is no automatic mapping from `g22_rec709_display` to CICP
currently to keep behavior unchanged, as this is often not what you want
and further discussion is needed to decided on the right behavior.

Also add new ColorConfig `get_cicp` and `get_color_interop_id` API
functions to share logic between file formats.

## Tests

Tests were updated, the auto detected color space name appears in the
output.

Commands like these should also do the right thing automatically.
```
oiiotool in.exr --ociodisplay "Rec.2100-PQ - Display" "ACES 2.0 - HDR 1000 nits (P3 D65)" -o out.avif
oiiotool out.avif --autocc -o out.exr
```

---------

Signed-off-by: Brecht Van Lommel <[email protected]>

Author: brechtvl

src/doc/pythonbindings.rst

@@ -3888,6 +3888,73 @@ sections) work with deep inputs::
 
 |
 
+.. _sec-pythoncolorconfig:
+
+
+ColorConfig
+===========
+
+The `ColorConfig` class that represents the set of color transformations that
+are allowed.
+
+If OpenColorIO is enabled at build time, this configuration is loaded at
+runtime, allowing the user to have complete control of all color transformation
+math. See the
+`OpenColorIO documentation <https://opencolorio.readthedocs.io>`_ for details.
+
+If OpenColorIO is not enabled at build time, a generic color configuration
+is provided for minimal color support.
+
+..
+  TODO: The documentation for this class is incomplete.
+
+.. py:method:: get_cicp (colorspace)
+
+    Find CICP code corresponding to the colorspace.
+    Return a sequence of 4 ints, or None if not found.
+
+    Example:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        colorconfig = oiio.ColorConfig()
+        cicp = colorconfig.get_cicp("pq_rec2020_display")
+        if cicp:
+            primaries, transfer, matrix, color_range = cicp
+
+    This function was added in OpenImageIO 3.1.
+
+
+.. py:method:: get_color_interop_id (colorspace)
+
+    Find color interop ID for the given colorspace.
+    Returns empty string if not found.
+
+    Example:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        colorconfig = oiio.ColorConfig()
+        interop_id = colorconfig.get_color_interop_id("Rec.2100-PQ - Display")
+
+    This function was added in OpenImageIO 3.1.
+
+
+.. py:method:: get_color_interop_id (cicp)
+
+    Find color interop ID corresponding to the CICP code.
+    Returns empty string if not found.
+
+    Example:
+
+    .. code-block:: python
+
+        colorconfig = oiio.ColorConfig()
+        interop_id = colorconfig.get_color_interop_id([9, 16, 9, 1])
+
+    This function was added in OpenImageIO 3.1.
+
+
 .. _sec-pythonmiscapi:
 
 Miscellaneous Utilities

src/ffmpeg.imageio/ffmpeginput.cpp

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ receive_frame(AVCodecContext* avctx, AVFrame* picture, AVPacket* avpkt)
 
 
 
+#include <OpenImageIO/color.h>
 #include <OpenImageIO/imageio.h>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <mutex>
@@ -549,6 +550,11 @@ FFmpegInput::open(const std::string& name, ImageSpec& spec)
             m_codec_context->colorspace,
             m_codec_context->color_range == AVCOL_RANGE_MPEG ? 0 : 1 };
     m_spec.attribute("CICP", TypeDesc(TypeDesc::INT, 4), cicp);
+    const ColorConfig& colorconfig(ColorConfig::default_colorconfig());
+    string_view interop_id = colorconfig.get_color_interop_id(cicp);
+    if (!interop_id.empty())
+        m_spec.attribute("oiio:ColorSpace", interop_id);
+
     m_nsubimages = m_frames;
     spec         = m_spec;
     m_filename   = name;

src/heif.imageio/heifinput.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 // https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenImageIO
 
+#include <OpenImageIO/color.h>
 #include <OpenImageIO/filesystem.h>
 #include <OpenImageIO/fmath.h>
 #include <OpenImageIO/imageio.h>
@@ -292,6 +293,11 @@ HeifInput::seek_subimage(int subimage, int miplevel)
                                       int(nclx->matrix_coefficients),
                                       int(nclx->full_range_flag ? 1 : 0) };
                 m_spec.attribute("CICP", TypeDesc(TypeDesc::INT, 4), cicp);
+                const ColorConfig& colorconfig(
+                    ColorConfig::default_colorconfig());
+                string_view interop_id = colorconfig.get_color_interop_id(cicp);
+                if (!interop_id.empty())
+                    m_spec.attribute("oiio:ColorSpace", interop_id);
             }
             heif_nclx_color_profile_free(nclx);
         }

src/heif.imageio/heifoutput.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 // https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenImageIO
 
 
+#include <OpenImageIO/color.h>
 #include <OpenImageIO/filesystem.h>
 #include <OpenImageIO/fmath.h>
 #include <OpenImageIO/imageio.h>
@@ -249,10 +250,13 @@ HeifOutput::close()
         std::unique_ptr<heif_color_profile_nclx,
                         void (*)(heif_color_profile_nclx*)>
             nclx(heif_nclx_color_profile_alloc(), heif_nclx_color_profile_free);
-        const ParamValue* p = m_spec.find_attribute("CICP",
-                                                    TypeDesc(TypeDesc::INT, 4));
-        if (p) {
-            const int* cicp                = static_cast<const int*>(p->data());
+        const ColorConfig& colorconfig(ColorConfig::default_colorconfig());
+        const ParamValue* p    = m_spec.find_attribute("CICP",
+                                                       TypeDesc(TypeDesc::INT, 4));
+        string_view colorspace = m_spec.get_string_attribute("oiio:ColorSpace");
+        cspan<int> cicp        = (p) ? p->as_cspan<int>()
+                                     : colorconfig.get_cicp(colorspace);
+        if (!cicp.empty()) {
             nclx->color_primaries          = heif_color_primaries(cicp[0]);
             nclx->transfer_characteristics = heif_transfer_characteristics(
                 cicp[1]);

src/include/OpenImageIO/color.h

@@ -402,6 +402,24 @@ class OIIO_API ColorConfig {
     bool equivalent(string_view color_space,
                     string_view other_color_space) const;
 
+    /// Find CICP code corresponding to the colorspace.
+    /// Return a cspan of 4 ints, or an empty span if not found.
+    ///
+    /// @version 3.1
+    cspan<int> get_cicp(string_view colorspace) const;
+
+    /// Find color interop ID for the given colorspace.
+    /// Returns empty string if not found.
+    ///
+    /// @version 3.1
+    string_view get_color_interop_id(string_view colorspace) const;
+
+    /// Find color interop ID corresponding to the CICP code.
+    /// Returns empty string if not found.
+    ///
+    /// @version 3.1
+    string_view get_color_interop_id(const int cicp[4]) const;
+
     /// Return a filename or other identifier for the config we're using.
     std::string configname() const;
 

src/libOpenImageIO/color_ocio.cpp

@@ -1997,6 +1997,173 @@ ColorConfig::parseColorSpaceFromString(string_view str) const
 }
 
 
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Color Interop ID
+
+namespace {
+enum class CICPPrimaries : int {
+    Rec709  = 1,
+    Rec2020 = 9,
+    XYZD65  = 10,
+    P3D65   = 12,
+};
+
+enum class CICPTransfer : int {
+    BT709   = 1,
+    Gamma22 = 4,
+    Linear  = 8,
+    sRGB    = 13,
+    PQ      = 16,
+    Gamma26 = 17,
+    HLG     = 18,
+};
+
+enum class CICPMatrix : int {
+    RGB         = 0,
+    BT709       = 1,
+    Unspecified = 2,
+    Rec2020_NCL = 9,
+    Rec2020_CL  = 10,
+};
+
+enum class CICPRange : int {
+    Narrow = 0,
+    Full   = 1,
+};
+
+struct ColorInteropID {
+    constexpr ColorInteropID(const char* interop_id)
+        : interop_id(interop_id)
+        , cicp({ 0, 0, 0, 0 })
+        , has_cicp(false)
+    {
+    }
+
+    constexpr ColorInteropID(const char* interop_id, CICPPrimaries primaries,
+                             CICPTransfer transfer, CICPMatrix matrix)
+        : interop_id(interop_id)
+        , cicp({ int(primaries), int(transfer), int(matrix),
+                 int(CICPRange::Full) })
+        , has_cicp(true)
+    {
+    }
+
+    const char* interop_id;
+    std::array<int, 4> cicp;
+    bool has_cicp;
+};
+
+// Mapping between color interop ID and CICP, based on Color Interop Forum
+// recommendations.
+constexpr ColorInteropID color_interop_ids[] = {
+    // Scene referred interop IDs first so they are the default in automatic
+    // conversion from CICP to interop ID. Some are not display color spaces
+    // at all, but can be represented by CICP anyway.
+    { "lin_ap1_scene" },
+    { "lin_ap0_scene" },
+    { "lin_rec709_scene", CICPPrimaries::Rec709, CICPTransfer::Linear,
+      CICPMatrix::BT709 },
+    { "lin_p3d65_scene", CICPPrimaries::P3D65, CICPTransfer::Linear,
+      CICPMatrix::BT709 },
+    { "lin_rec2020_scene", CICPPrimaries::Rec2020, CICPTransfer::Linear,
+      CICPMatrix::Rec2020_CL },
+    { "lin_adobergb_scene" },
+    { "lin_ciexyzd65_scene", CICPPrimaries::XYZD65, CICPTransfer::Linear,
+      CICPMatrix::Unspecified },
+    { "srgb_rec709_scene", CICPPrimaries::Rec709, CICPTransfer::sRGB,
+      CICPMatrix::BT709 },
+    { "g22_rec709_scene", CICPPrimaries::Rec709, CICPTransfer::Gamma22,
+      CICPMatrix::BT709 },
+    { "g18_rec709_scene" },
+    { "srgb_ap1_scene" },
+    { "g22_ap1_scene" },
+    { "srgb_p3d65_scene", CICPPrimaries::P3D65, CICPTransfer::sRGB,
+      CICPMatrix::BT709 },
+    { "g22_adobergb_scene" },
+    { "data" },
+    { "unknown" },
+
+    // Display referred interop IDs.
+    { "srgb_rec709_display", CICPPrimaries::Rec709, CICPTransfer::sRGB,
+      CICPMatrix::BT709 },
+    { "g24_rec709_display", CICPPrimaries::Rec709, CICPTransfer::BT709,
+      CICPMatrix::BT709 },
+    { "srgb_p3d65_display", CICPPrimaries::P3D65, CICPTransfer::sRGB,
+      CICPMatrix::BT709 },
+    { "srgbe_p3d65_display", CICPPrimaries::P3D65, CICPTransfer::sRGB,
+      CICPMatrix::BT709 },
+    { "pq_p3d65_display", CICPPrimaries::P3D65, CICPTransfer::PQ,
+      CICPMatrix::Rec2020_NCL },
+    { "pq_rec2020_display", CICPPrimaries::Rec2020, CICPTransfer::PQ,
+      CICPMatrix::Rec2020_NCL },
+    { "hlg_rec2020_display", CICPPrimaries::Rec2020, CICPTransfer::HLG,
+      CICPMatrix::Rec2020_NCL },
+    // No CICP mapping to keep previous behavior unchanged, as Gamma 2.2
+    // display is more likely meant to be written as sRGB. On read the
+    // scene referred interop ID will be used.
+    { "g22_rec709_display",
+      /* CICPPrimaries::Rec709, CICPTransfer::Gamma22, CICPMatrix::BT709 */ },
+    // No CICP code for Adobe RGB primaries.
+    { "g22_adobergb_display" },
+    { "g26_p3d65_display", CICPPrimaries::P3D65, CICPTransfer::Gamma26,
+      CICPMatrix::BT709 },
+    { "g26_xyzd65_display", CICPPrimaries::XYZD65, CICPTransfer::Gamma26,
+      CICPMatrix::Unspecified },
+    { "pq_xyzd65_display", CICPPrimaries::XYZD65, CICPTransfer::PQ,
+      CICPMatrix::Unspecified },
+};
+}  // namespace
+
+string_view
+ColorConfig::get_color_interop_id(string_view colorspace) const
+{
+    if (colorspace.empty())
+        return "";
+#if OCIO_VERSION_HEX >= MAKE_OCIO_VERSION_HEX(2, 5, 0)
+    if (getImpl()->config_ && !disable_ocio) {
+        OCIO::ConstColorSpaceRcPtr c = getImpl()->config_->getColorSpace(
+            std::string(resolve(colorspace)).c_str());
+        const char* interop_id = (c) ? c->getInteropID() : nullptr;
+        if (interop_id) {
+            return interop_id;
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+    for (const ColorInteropID& interop : color_interop_ids) {
+        if (equivalent(colorspace, interop.interop_id)) {
+            return interop.interop_id;
+        }
+    }
+    return "";
+}
+
+string_view
+ColorConfig::get_color_interop_id(const int cicp[4]) const
+{
+    for (const ColorInteropID& interop : color_interop_ids) {
+        if (interop.has_cicp && interop.cicp[0] == cicp[0]
+            && interop.cicp[1] == cicp[1]) {
+            return interop.interop_id;
+        }
+    }
+    return "";
+}
+
+cspan<int>
+ColorConfig::get_cicp(string_view colorspace) const
+{
+    string_view interop_id = get_color_interop_id(colorspace);
+    if (!interop_id.empty()) {
+        for (const ColorInteropID& interop : color_interop_ids) {
+            if (interop.has_cicp && interop_id == interop.interop_id) {
+                return interop.cicp;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return cspan<int>();
+}
+
 
 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 //