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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: docs/analysis-tools/EventSelection.md
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### Time Frame borders
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In Run 3 and 4, ALICE operates in **continuous readout mode**, where data are stored in **Time Frames (TFs)** that correspond to 32 LHC orbits, ≈ 2.9 ms (_note:_ in 2022 pp TFs were longer - 128 LHC orbits), and each TF is **reconstructed independently**.
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In Run 3 and 4, ALICE operates in **continuous readout mode**, where data are stored in **Time Frames (TFs)** that correspond to 32 LHC orbits, ≈ 2.9 ms (_note:_ in 2022 pp TFs were longer - 128 LHC orbits), and each TF is **reconstructed independently**.
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Because the drift time of electrions in the TPC is **≈ 100 μs**, collisions near the end of a TF **lack full information**, resulting in a depletion of vertex contributors and a drop in ITS+TPC tracking efficiency during the last ≈ 1.1 LHC orbits of the TF (LHC orbit is ≈89 μs).
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Additional effect happens at the **beginning of the next TF**, when the reconstruction starts when the electrons from pre-TF collisions are still drifting.
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**Mitigation in event selection**:
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- A dedicated event-selection bit `kNoTimeFrameBorder` was introduced (February 2024) to reject events close to TF edges:
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- Cuts ≈ **300 bunch crossings (BCs)** at the start and ≈ **4000 BCs** at the end of each TF.
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- Cuts ≈ **300 bunch crossings (BCs)** at the start and ≈ **4000 BCs** at the end of each TF.
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- Corresponds to ≈ **3.7% event loss** for 2023–25 data.
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- This cut ensures full TPC drift information for all accepted events, removing TF-edge artefacts in vertex and track distributions.
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- Usage in analysis:
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### ITS Readout Frame borders
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- Although the global readout is continuous, the ITS2 detector is read out in **discrete Readout Frames (ROFs)**:
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- in **pp:** 18 ROFs per LHC orbit, each ≈ 5 μs (198 BCs)
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- in **pp:** 18 ROFs per LHC orbit, each ≈ 5 μs (198 BCs)
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- in **Pb–Pb:** 6 ROFs per orbit, ≈ 15 μs each (594 BCs)
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- Cluster losses occur at ROF boundaries due to the **ALPIDE chip’s time-walk effect**:
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- hits from an interaction in ROF *i* may appear only in ROF *i + 1*
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- Cluster losses occur at ROF boundaries due to the **ALPIDE chip’s time-walk effect**:
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- hits from an interaction in ROF *i* may appear only in ROF *i + 1*
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- this causes a sharp drop in ITS cluster and track counts at ROF edges.
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- The effect is **particle-dependent**, e.g. protons (larger dE/dx) are recorded earlier than pions—leading to small PID-dependent distortions near borders.
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