Add PerspectiveCamera class for simulating 3D perspective projection

- Implemented a camera with perspective projection, supporting field of
view (FOV),
  near and far clipping planes, and aspect ratio.
- The camera includes a transform component (position, rotation, scale)
and a target
  point to control where the camera is looking.
- Methods added for getting and setting the camera's properties,
including FOV, clipping planes,
  aspect ratio, and target.

Author: ArtifactForms

src/main/java/engine/scene/camera/PerspectiveCamera.java

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+package engine.scene.camera;
+
+import engine.components.Transform;
+import math.Mathf;
+import math.Vector3f;
+
+/**
+ * A camera that simulates perspective projection, commonly used in 3D graphics. It uses a field of
+ * view (FOV), near and far clipping planes, and an aspect ratio to create a 3D projection of the
+ * world onto a 2D screen. The camera has a transform (position, rotation, scale) and a target that
+ * it looks at. This class provides methods for manipulating and querying these properties.
+ */
+public class PerspectiveCamera implements Camera {
+
+  /** The camera's transform (position, rotation, scale) */
+  private final Transform transform = new Transform();
+
+  /** The field of view (in radians), default is 60 degrees (PI/3) */
+  private float fov = Mathf.PI / 3f;
+
+  /** The near clipping plane distance */
+  private float nearPlane = 0.1f;
+
+  /** The far clipping plane distance */
+  private float farPlane = 5000;
+
+  /** The aspect ratio of the camera (width/height) */
+  private float aspectRatio = 16f / 9f;
+
+  /** The target point the camera is looking at */
+  private Vector3f target;
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new PerspectiveCamera with default values. The default field of view is 60 degrees,
+   * near plane is 0.1, far plane is 5000, and the aspect ratio is 16:9.
+   */
+  public PerspectiveCamera() {
+    target = new Vector3f();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the target point the camera is currently looking at.
+   *
+   * @return The target point.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public Vector3f getTarget() {
+    return target;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the target point for the camera to look at.
+   *
+   * @param target The target point in world space.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void setTarget(Vector3f target) {
+    this.target = target;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the transform (position, rotation, and scale) of the camera.
+   *
+   * @return The camera's transform.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public Transform getTransform() {
+    return transform;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the field of view of the camera in radians.
+   *
+   * @return The field of view (in radians).
+   */
+  @Override
+  public float getFieldOfView() {
+    return fov;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the field of view of the camera in radians.
+   *
+   * @param fov The desired field of view (in radians).
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void setFieldOfView(float fov) {
+    this.fov = fov;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the near clipping plane distance of the camera.
+   *
+   * @return The near clipping plane distance.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public float getNearPlane() {
+    return nearPlane;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the near clipping plane distance of the camera.
+   *
+   * @param nearPlane The near clipping plane distance.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void setNearPlane(float nearPlane) {
+    this.nearPlane = nearPlane;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the far clipping plane distance of the camera.
+   *
+   * @return The far clipping plane distance.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public float getFarPlane() {
+    return farPlane;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the far clipping plane distance of the camera.
+   *
+   * @param farPlane The far clipping plane distance.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void setFarPlane(float farPlane) {
+    this.farPlane = farPlane;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Gets the aspect ratio of the camera (width/height).
+   *
+   * @return The aspect ratio.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public float getAspectRatio() {
+    return aspectRatio;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Sets the aspect ratio of the camera (width/height).
+   *
+   * @param aspectRatio The desired aspect ratio.
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void setAspectRatio(float aspectRatio) {
+    this.aspectRatio = aspectRatio;
+  }
+}