diff --git a/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/mir_fn/mod.rs b/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/mir_fn/mod.rs
index ba9d492bc79..0aee2668542 100644
--- a/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/mir_fn/mod.rs
+++ b/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/mir_fn/mod.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ pub use function::*;
 pub use method::*;
 pub use signature::*;
 
-use crate::encoders::ty::generics::{GArgs, GParams};
+use crate::encoders::ty::generics::{GArgs, GParams, trait_impls::TraitImplEnc};
 
 use prusti_interface::specs::specifications::SpecQuery;
 use prusti_rustc_interface::{hir, middle::ty, span::def_id::DefId};
@@ -61,4 +61,13 @@ pub fn encode_all_in_crate<'tcx>(tcx: ty::TyCtxt<'tcx>) {
             }
         }
     }
+
+    // This creates the impl encoding for all traits in the crate
+    // To iterate over all _visible_ impl blocks,
+    // use tcx.visible_traits and tcx.all_impls(trait_id)
+    for def_id in tcx.hir_crate_items(()).definitions() {
+        if let hir::def::DefKind::Impl { of_trait: true } = tcx.def_kind(def_id) {
+            TraitImplEnc::encode(def_id.to_def_id(), false).unwrap();
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/ty/generics/args.rs b/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/ty/generics/args.rs
index 5bf0cd8205c..f64e37ec43b 100644
--- a/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/ty/generics/args.rs
+++ b/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/ty/generics/args.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@ pub struct GArgs<'tcx> {
     pub(super) args: &'tcx [ty::GenericArg<'tcx>],
 }
 
+pub enum GParamVariant<'tcx> {
+    Param(ty::ParamTy),
+    Alias(ty::AliasTy<'tcx>),
+}
+
 impl<'tcx> GArgs<'tcx> {
     pub fn new(context: impl Into<GParams<'tcx>>, args: &'tcx [ty::GenericArg<'tcx>]) -> Self {
         GArgs {
@@ -34,12 +39,11 @@ impl<'tcx> GArgs<'tcx> {
         self.context.normalize(ty)
     }
 
-    pub fn expect_param(self) -> ty::ParamTy {
+    pub fn expect_param(self) -> GParamVariant<'tcx> {
         assert_eq!(self.args.len(), 1);
         match self.args[0].expect_ty().kind() {
-            ty::TyKind::Param(p) => *p,
-            // TODO: this needs to be changed to support type aliases
-            ty::TyKind::Alias(..) => panic!("type aliases are not currently supported"),
+            ty::TyKind::Param(p) => GParamVariant::Param(*p),
+            ty::TyKind::Alias(_k, t) => GParamVariant::Alias(*t),
             other => panic!("expected type parameter, {other:?}"),
         }
     }
diff --git a/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/ty/generics/mod.rs b/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/ty/generics/mod.rs
index 66aea9f38af..626ec23318a 100644
--- a/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/ty/generics/mod.rs
+++ b/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/ty/generics/mod.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ mod params;
 mod casters;
 mod args_ty;
 mod args;
+pub mod traits;
+pub mod trait_impls;
 
 pub use args::*;
 pub use args_ty::*;
diff --git a/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/ty/generics/params.rs b/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/ty/generics/params.rs
index 0220487fada..4061df1d525 100644
--- a/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/ty/generics/params.rs
+++ b/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/ty/generics/params.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use prusti_interface::specs::typed::ExternSpecKind;
 use prusti_rustc_interface::{
-    middle::ty,
+    middle::{ty, ty::TyKind},
     span::{def_id::DefId, symbol},
 };
 use task_encoder::{EncodeFullResult, TaskEncoder, TaskEncoderDependencies};
@@ -8,7 +8,12 @@ use vir::{CastType, HasType};
 
 use crate::encoders::{
     TyUsePureEnc,
-    ty::{RustTyDecomposition, data::TySpecifics, generics::GArgsTyEnc, lifted::TyConstructorEnc},
+    ty::{
+        RustTyDecomposition,
+        data::TySpecifics,
+        generics::{GArgsTyEnc, GParamVariant, traits::TraitEnc},
+        lifted::TyConstructorEnc,
+    },
 };
 
 /// The list of defined parameters in a given context. E.g. the type parameters
@@ -176,7 +181,6 @@ impl<'vir> From<DefId> for GParams<'vir> {
 /// `fn foo<T, U>(x: U)` into the Viper `method foo(x: Ref, T: Type, U: Type)`
 /// (handles the type parameters).
 pub struct GenericParamsEnc;
-
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct GenericParams<'vir> {
     ty_args: &'vir [vir::TypeTyVal<'vir>],
@@ -250,7 +254,26 @@ impl<'vir> GenericParams<'vir> {
     ) -> vir::ExprTyVal<'vir> {
         if let TySpecifics::Param(()) = &ty.ty.specifics {
             let param = ty.args.expect_param();
-            return self.ty_exprs[self.map_idx(param.index).unwrap()];
+            return match param {
+                GParamVariant::Param(p) => self.ty_exprs[self.map_idx(p.index).unwrap()],
+                GParamVariant::Alias(a) => vir::with_vcx(|vcx| {
+                    let tcx = vcx.tcx();
+                    let trait_did = tcx.associated_item(a.def_id).container_id(tcx);
+                    let trait_data = deps.require_dep::<TraitEnc>(trait_did).unwrap();
+                    let tys = &a
+                        .args
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|arg| match arg.expect_ty().kind() {
+                            TyKind::Param(p) => self.ty_exprs[self.map_idx(p.index).unwrap()],
+                            _ => self.ty_expr(
+                                deps,
+                                RustTyDecomposition::from_ty(arg.expect_ty(), tcx, ty.args.context),
+                            ),
+                        })
+                        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                    (trait_data.type_did_fun_mapping.get(&a.def_id).unwrap())(tys)
+                }),
+            };
         }
         let ty_constructor = deps
             .require_ref::<TyConstructorEnc>(ty.ty)
diff --git a/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/ty/generics/trait_impls.rs b/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/ty/generics/trait_impls.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d6bd48e454e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/ty/generics/trait_impls.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+use std::iter;
+
+use prusti_rustc_interface::{middle::ty::AssocKind, span::def_id::DefId};
+use task_encoder::{EncodeFullResult, TaskEncoder, TaskEncoderDependencies};
+use vir::{CastType, Domain, vir_format_identifier};
+
+use crate::encoders::ty::{
+    RustTyDecomposition,
+    generics::{GArgs, GArgsTyEnc, GParams, GenericParamsEnc, traits::TraitEnc},
+};
+
+pub struct TraitImplEnc;
+
+impl TaskEncoder for TraitImplEnc {
+    task_encoder::encoder_cache!(TraitImplEnc);
+
+    fn task_to_key<'vir>(task: &Self::TaskDescription<'vir>) -> Self::TaskKey<'vir> {
+        *task
+    }
+
+    fn emit_outputs<'vir>(program: &mut task_encoder::Program<'vir>) {
+        for dom in TraitImplEnc::all_outputs_local_no_errors() {
+            program.add_domain(dom);
+        }
+    }
+
+    type TaskDescription<'vir> = DefId;
+    type OutputFullLocal<'vir> = Domain<'vir>;
+
+    fn do_encode_full<'vir>(
+        task_key: &Self::TaskKey<'vir>,
+        deps: &mut TaskEncoderDependencies<'vir, Self>,
+    ) -> EncodeFullResult<'vir, Self> {
+        deps.emit_output_ref(*task_key, ())?;
+
+        vir::with_vcx(|vcx| {
+            let tcx = vcx.tcx();
+
+            let ctx = GParams::from(*task_key);
+
+            let params = deps.require_dep::<GenericParamsEnc>(ctx)?;
+
+            let trait_ref = tcx.impl_trait_ref(task_key).unwrap().instantiate_identity();
+            let trait_did = trait_ref.def_id;
+            let trait_data = deps.require_dep::<TraitEnc>(trait_did)?;
+
+            let args = deps.require_dep::<GArgsTyEnc>(GArgs::new(ctx, trait_ref.args))?;
+
+            let mut axs = Vec::new();
+
+            let struct_ty = tcx.type_of(task_key).instantiate_identity();
+
+            let impl_fun = trait_data.impl_fun;
+            let trait_ty_decls = params
+                .ty_decls()
+                .iter()
+                .map(|dec| dec.upcast_ty())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            let trait_tys = args.get_ty();
+
+            axs.push(
+                vcx.mk_domain_axiom(
+                    vir_format_identifier!(vcx, "{}_impl_{}", trait_data.trait_name, struct_ty),
+                    vir::expr! {forall ..[trait_ty_decls] :: {[impl_fun(trait_tys)]} [impl_fun(trait_tys)]}
+                )
+            );
+
+            tcx.associated_items(*task_key)
+                .in_definition_order()
+                .filter(|item| matches!(item.kind, AssocKind::Type { data: _ }))
+                .for_each(|impl_item| {
+                    let assoc_fun = trait_data.type_did_fun_mapping.get(&impl_item.trait_item_def_id.unwrap()).unwrap();
+                    // construct arguments for assoc_item function
+                    // parameters of the trait are substituted 
+                    // by the arguments used in the impl
+                    // parameters of the associated type are kept
+
+                    // parameters of assoc item include already substituted arguments
+                    let assoc_params = deps
+                        .require_dep::<GenericParamsEnc>(GParams::from(impl_item.def_id))
+                        .unwrap();
+
+                    // the type we want to resolve the type alias to
+                    let assoc_type_expr = assoc_params.ty_expr(
+                        deps,
+                        RustTyDecomposition::from_ty(
+                            tcx.type_of(impl_item.def_id).instantiate_identity(),
+                            tcx,
+                            GParams::from(impl_item.def_id),
+                        ),
+                    );
+                    let assoc_decls = assoc_params
+                        .ty_decls()
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|dec| dec.upcast_ty())
+                        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+                    // Combine substituted trait ty decls with the decls of the associated type
+                    let mut trait_ty_decls = trait_ty_decls.clone();
+                    trait_ty_decls.extend_from_slice(&assoc_decls[params.ty_exprs().len()..]);
+
+                    // Combine substituted trait params with the params of the associated type
+                    let trait_tys = vcx.alloc_slice(&iter::empty().chain(args.get_ty().to_owned()).chain(assoc_params.ty_exprs()[params.ty_exprs().len()..].to_owned()).collect::<Vec<_>>());
+                    axs.push(vcx.mk_domain_axiom(
+                        vir_format_identifier!(
+                            vcx,
+                            "{}_Assoc_{}_{}",
+                            trait_data.trait_name,
+                            tcx.item_name(impl_item.def_id),
+                            struct_ty
+                        ),
+                        vir::expr! {forall ..[trait_ty_decls] :: {[assoc_fun(trait_tys)]} ([assoc_fun(trait_tys)]) == (assoc_type_expr)}
+                    ));
+                });
+
+            Ok((
+                vcx.mk_domain(
+                    vir_format_identifier!(
+                        vcx,
+                        "t_{}_{}",
+                        trait_data.trait_name,
+                        tcx.type_of(*task_key).instantiate_identity().to_string()
+                    ),
+                    &[],
+                    vcx.alloc_slice(&axs),
+                    &[],
+                    None,
+                ),
+                (),
+            ))
+        })
+    }
+}
diff --git a/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/ty/generics/traits.rs b/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/ty/generics/traits.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c863f5f86c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prusti-encoder/src/encoders/ty/generics/traits.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use prusti_rustc_interface::{middle::ty::AssocKind, span::def_id::DefId};
+use task_encoder::{EncodeFullResult, TaskEncoder, TaskEncoderDependencies};
+use vir::{FunctionIdn, vir_format_identifier};
+
+use crate::encoders::ty::generics::{GParams, GenericParamsEnc};
+
+pub struct TraitEnc;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct TraitData<'vir> {
+    pub trait_name: &'vir str,
+    pub type_did_fun_mapping: HashMap<DefId, FunctionIdn<'vir, vir::ManyTyVal, vir::TyVal>>,
+    pub impl_fun: FunctionIdn<'vir, vir::ManyTyVal, vir::Bool>,
+}
+
+impl TaskEncoder for TraitEnc {
+    task_encoder::encoder_cache!(TraitEnc);
+
+    fn task_to_key<'vir>(task: &Self::TaskDescription<'vir>) -> Self::TaskKey<'vir> {
+        *task
+    }
+
+    type TaskDescription<'vir> = DefId;
+
+    type OutputFullDependency<'vir> = TraitData<'vir>;
+    type OutputFullLocal<'vir> = vir::Domain<'vir>;
+
+    fn emit_outputs<'vir>(program: &mut task_encoder::Program<'vir>) {
+        for dom in TraitEnc::all_outputs_local_no_errors() {
+            program.add_domain(dom);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn do_encode_full<'vir>(
+        task_key: &Self::TaskKey<'vir>,
+        deps: &mut TaskEncoderDependencies<'vir, Self>,
+    ) -> EncodeFullResult<'vir, Self> {
+        deps.emit_output_ref(*task_key, ())?;
+        vir::with_vcx(|vcx| {
+            let tcx = vcx.tcx();
+            let params = deps.require_dep::<GenericParamsEnc>(GParams::from(*task_key))?;
+            let trait_name = vcx.alloc_str(tcx.item_name(task_key).as_str());
+            let type_did_fun_mapping = tcx
+                .associated_items(task_key)
+                .in_definition_order()
+                .filter(|item| matches!(item.kind, AssocKind::Type { data: _ }))
+                .map(|item| {
+                    let params_type = deps
+                        .require_dep::<GenericParamsEnc>(GParams::from(item.def_id))
+                        .unwrap();
+                    (
+                        item.def_id,
+                        FunctionIdn::new(
+                            vir_format_identifier!(
+                                vcx,
+                                "{}_Assoc_{}_func",
+                                trait_name,
+                                tcx.item_name(item.def_id),
+                            ),
+                            vcx.alloc_slice(&vec![vir::TYPE_TYVAL; params_type.ty_exprs().len()]), // params_type also includes parameters of trait itself
+                            vir::TYPE_TYVAL,
+                        ),
+                    )
+                })
+                .collect::<HashMap<DefId, FunctionIdn<'vir, vir::ManyTyVal, vir::TyVal>>>();
+            let mut funcs = type_did_fun_mapping
+                .values()
+                .map(|function_idn| vcx.mk_domain_function(*function_idn, false, None))
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            let impl_fun = FunctionIdn::new(
+                vir_format_identifier!(vcx, "{}_impl", trait_name),
+                vcx.alloc_slice(&(vec![vir::TYPE_TYVAL; params.ty_exprs().len()])),
+                vir::TYPE_BOOL,
+            );
+            let impl_fun_data = vcx.mk_domain_function(impl_fun, false, None);
+            funcs.push(impl_fun_data);
+            let trait_domain = vcx.mk_domain(
+                vir_format_identifier!(vcx, "t_{}", trait_name),
+                &[],
+                &[],
+                vcx.alloc_slice(funcs.as_slice()),
+                None,
+            );
+            Ok((
+                trait_domain,
+                TraitData {
+                    trait_name,
+                    type_did_fun_mapping,
+                    impl_fun,
+                },
+            ))
+        })
+    }
+}
diff --git a/prusti-encoder/src/lib.rs b/prusti-encoder/src/lib.rs
index 014c6113637..3bfc17c0bef 100644
--- a/prusti-encoder/src/lib.rs
+++ b/prusti-encoder/src/lib.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use crate::encoders::{
     Impure, Pure,
     custom::PairUseEnc,
     ty::{
-        generics::GArgsCastEnc,
+        generics::{GArgsCastEnc, trait_impls::TraitImplEnc, traits::TraitEnc},
         interpretation::bitvec::BitVecEnc,
         lifted::{TyConstructorEnc, TypeOfEnc},
     },
@@ -103,6 +103,8 @@ pub fn test_entrypoint<'tcx>(
 
     program.header("custom");
     PairUseEnc::emit_outputs(&mut program);
+    TraitEnc::emit_outputs(&mut program);
+    TraitImplEnc::emit_outputs(&mut program);
 
     if std::env::var("LOCAL_TESTING").is_ok() {
         std::fs::write("local-testing/simple.vpr", program.code()).unwrap();
diff --git a/prusti-tests/tests/verify/pass/traits/assoc_type.rs b/prusti-tests/tests/verify/pass/traits/assoc_type.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..de09a75b58a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prusti-tests/tests/verify/pass/traits/assoc_type.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+fn foo<Y: MyTrait>(x: Y::SomeType) {}
+
+trait MyTrait {
+    type SomeType;
+}
+
+struct St1 {}
+struct St2 {}
+
+impl MyTrait for St1 {
+    type SomeType = u32;
+}
+
+impl MyTrait for St2 {
+    type SomeType = u64;
+}
+
+fn bar() {
+    foo::<St1>(5);
+}
diff --git a/prusti-tests/tests/verify/pass/traits/assoc_type_gen_assoc.rs b/prusti-tests/tests/verify/pass/traits/assoc_type_gen_assoc.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9e7c2e55957
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prusti-tests/tests/verify/pass/traits/assoc_type_gen_assoc.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+fn foo<Y: MyTrait>(x: Y::SomeType<u32>) {}
+
+trait MyTrait {
+    type SomeType<X>;
+}
+
+struct St1 {}
+struct St2 {}
+
+impl MyTrait for St1 {
+    type SomeType<X> = X;
+}
+
+impl MyTrait for St2 {
+    type SomeType<X> = u64;
+}
+
+fn bar() {
+    foo::<St1>(5);
+}
diff --git a/prusti-tests/tests/verify/pass/traits/assoc_type_gen_trait.rs b/prusti-tests/tests/verify/pass/traits/assoc_type_gen_trait.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d50084655d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prusti-tests/tests/verify/pass/traits/assoc_type_gen_trait.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+fn foo<X, Y: MyTrait<X, Z>, Z>(x: Y::SomeType, y: Y::SomeOtherType, z: Y) {
+    let res: X = z.gen();
+}
+
+trait MyTrait<T, T2> {
+    type SomeType;
+    type SomeOtherType;
+
+    fn gen(self) -> T;
+}
+
+struct St1<T> {
+    x: T,
+}
+struct St2<T> {
+    y: T,
+}
+
+impl<T, T2> MyTrait<T, T2> for St1<T> {
+    type SomeType = T;
+    type SomeOtherType = T2;
+
+    fn gen(self) -> T {
+        self.x
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> MyTrait<T, T> for St2<T> {
+    type SomeType = u64;
+    type SomeOtherType = SomeWrapper<T>;
+
+    fn gen(self) -> T {
+        self.y
+    }
+}
+
+fn bar() {
+    foo::<f32, St1<f32>, u32>(5.2, 6, St1 { x: 5.5 });
+    foo::<bool, St2<bool>, bool>(5, SomeWrapper { val: false }, St2 { y: true });
+}
+
+struct SomeWrapper<T> {
+    val: T,
+}
diff --git a/prusti-tests/tests/verify/pass/traits/assoc_type_gen_trait_gen_assoc.rs b/prusti-tests/tests/verify/pass/traits/assoc_type_gen_trait_gen_assoc.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..67e3365e2ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prusti-tests/tests/verify/pass/traits/assoc_type_gen_trait_gen_assoc.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+fn foo<X, Y: MyTrait<X, Z>, Z>(x: Y::SomeType<SomeWrapper<X>>, y: Y::SomeOtherType, z: Y) {
+    let res: X = z.gen();
+}
+
+trait MyTrait<T, T2> {
+    type SomeType<A>;
+    type SomeOtherType;
+
+    fn gen(self) -> T;
+}
+
+struct St1<T> {
+    x: T,
+}
+struct St2<T> {
+    y: T,
+}
+
+impl<T, T2> MyTrait<T, T2> for St1<T> {
+    type SomeType<A> = A;
+    type SomeOtherType = T2;
+
+    fn gen(self) -> T {
+        self.x
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> MyTrait<T, T> for St2<T> {
+    type SomeType<A> = T;
+    type SomeOtherType = SomeWrapper<T>;
+
+    fn gen(self) -> T {
+        self.y
+    }
+}
+
+fn bar() {
+    foo::<f32, St1<f32>, u32>(SomeWrapper { val: 5.5 }, 6, St1 { x: 5.5 });
+    foo::<bool, St2<bool>, bool>(true, SomeWrapper { val: false }, St2 { y: true });
+}
+
+struct SomeWrapper<T> {
+    val: T,
+}
diff --git a/prusti-tests/tests/verify/pass/traits/gen_assoc_type.rs b/prusti-tests/tests/verify/pass/traits/gen_assoc_type.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..058e84bbe50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prusti-tests/tests/verify/pass/traits/gen_assoc_type.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+fn foo<Y: MyTrait>(x: Y::SomeType<u32>) {}
+
+trait MyTrait {
+    type SomeType<T>;
+}
+
+struct St1 {}
+struct St2 {}
+
+impl MyTrait for St1 {
+    type SomeType<T> = SomeWrapper<T>;
+}
+
+impl MyTrait for St2 {
+    type SomeType<T> = u64;
+}
+
+fn bar() {
+    foo::<St1>(SomeWrapper { val: 5 });
+}
+
+struct SomeWrapper<T> {
+    val: T,
+}
diff --git a/prusti-tests/tests/verify/pass/traits/primitive_impl.rs b/prusti-tests/tests/verify/pass/traits/primitive_impl.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a17a87abe4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prusti-tests/tests/verify/pass/traits/primitive_impl.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+fn foo<X, Y: SomeTrait<X>>(x: Y::SomeOtherType<u32>) {}
+
+trait SomeTrait<X> {
+    type SomeType;
+    type SomeOtherType<Y>;
+}
+
+impl<X> SomeTrait<X> for u32 {
+    type SomeType = X;
+    type SomeOtherType<Y> = Y;
+}
+
+fn bar() {
+    foo::<f32, u32>(5);
+}
diff --git a/vir/src/macros.rs b/vir/src/macros.rs
index bebd8ac21c5..adc0b93e83a 100644
--- a/vir/src/macros.rs
+++ b/vir/src/macros.rs
@@ -402,9 +402,8 @@ macro_rules! expr_inner {
     ) };
     (@forall_qvars($qvars:ident); :: $($tokens:tt)*) => { compile_error!(concat!("VIR missing triggers or body: `" , stringify!($($tokens)*), "`")) };
 
-    (@forall_qvars($qvars:ident); , ..[$outer:ident] $($tokens:tt)*) => { {
-        $qvars.extend($outer.iter().map(|local| $crate::CastType::as_dyn(vcx!().mk_local_decl_local(local))));
-        let $outer: Vec<$crate::ExprGen<_, _, _>> = $outer.iter().map(|local| vcx!().mk_local_ex_local(local)).collect();
+    (@forall_qvars($qvars:ident); , ..[$outer_decls:ident] $($tokens:tt)*) => { {
+        $qvars.extend($outer_decls.clone());
         $crate::expr_inner!(@forall_qvars($qvars); $($tokens)*)
     } };
     (@forall_qvars($qvars:ident); , $qvar:ident : $qtype:tt $($tokens:tt)* ) => { {