Looking into why sweat rate is so high

Author: ntatum94

projects/biogears/libBiogears/include/biogears/engine/Systems/Energy.h

@@ -101,6 +101,12 @@ class BIOGEARS_API Energy : public SEEnergySystem, public BioGearsSystem {
   bool m_packOn;
   double m_previousWeightPack_kg;
 
+  double m_test;
+  double m_test1;
+  double m_test2;
+  double m_test3;
+  double m_test4;
+
   // Stateless member variable (Set in SetUp())
   double m_dT_s;
   SEPatient* m_Patient;

projects/biogears/libBiogears/src/engine/Controller/BioGears.cpp

@@ -5653,17 +5653,17 @@ void BioGears::SetupInternalTemperature()
   CoreToTemperatureGround.GetCapacitanceBaseline().SetValue((1.0 - skinMassFraction) * m_Patient->GetWeight(MassUnit::kg) * GetConfiguration().GetBodySpecificHeat(HeatCapacitancePerMassUnit::J_Per_K_kg), HeatCapacitanceUnit::J_Per_K);
   Core.GetHeatBaseline().SetValue(CoreToTemperatureGround.GetCapacitanceBaseline().GetValue(HeatCapacitanceUnit::J_Per_K) * Core.GetTemperature().GetValue(TemperatureUnit::K), EnergyUnit::J);
   SEThermalCircuitPath& CoreToTorsoSkin = cIntemperature.CreatePath(Core, TorsoSkin, BGE::InternalTemperaturePath::InternalCoreToInternalTorsoSkin);
-  CoreToTorsoSkin.GetResistanceBaseline().SetValue(2.315/3.0, HeatResistanceUnit::C_s_Per_kcal);
+  CoreToTorsoSkin.GetResistanceBaseline().SetValue(4.19 * 2.315, HeatResistanceUnit::C_s_Per_kcal);
   SEThermalCircuitPath& CoreToHeadSkin = cIntemperature.CreatePath(Core, HeadSkin, BGE::InternalTemperaturePath::InternalCoreToInternalHeadSkin);
-  CoreToHeadSkin.GetResistanceBaseline().SetValue(2.257 / 3.0, HeatResistanceUnit::C_s_Per_kcal);
+  CoreToHeadSkin.GetResistanceBaseline().SetValue(4.19 * 2.257, HeatResistanceUnit::C_s_Per_kcal);
   SEThermalCircuitPath& CoreToLeftArmSkin = cIntemperature.CreatePath(Core, LeftArmSkin, BGE::InternalTemperaturePath::InternalCoreToInternalLeftArmSkin);
-  CoreToLeftArmSkin.GetResistanceBaseline().SetValue(1.653 / 3.0, HeatResistanceUnit::C_s_Per_kcal);
+  CoreToLeftArmSkin.GetResistanceBaseline().SetValue(4.19 * 1.653, HeatResistanceUnit::C_s_Per_kcal);
   SEThermalCircuitPath& CoreToRightArmSkin = cIntemperature.CreatePath(Core, RightArmSkin, BGE::InternalTemperaturePath::InternalCoreToInternalRightArmSkin);
-  CoreToRightArmSkin.GetResistanceBaseline().SetValue(1.653 / 3.0, HeatResistanceUnit::C_s_Per_kcal);
+  CoreToRightArmSkin.GetResistanceBaseline().SetValue(4.19 * 1.653, HeatResistanceUnit::C_s_Per_kcal);
   SEThermalCircuitPath& CoreToLeftLegSkin = cIntemperature.CreatePath(Core, LeftLegSkin, BGE::InternalTemperaturePath::InternalCoreToInternalLeftLegSkin);
-  CoreToLeftLegSkin.GetResistanceBaseline().SetValue(0.703 / 3.0, HeatResistanceUnit::C_s_Per_kcal);
+  CoreToLeftLegSkin.GetResistanceBaseline().SetValue(4.19 * 0.703, HeatResistanceUnit::C_s_Per_kcal);
   SEThermalCircuitPath& CoreToRightLegSkin = cIntemperature.CreatePath(Core, RightLegSkin, BGE::InternalTemperaturePath::InternalCoreToInternalRightLegSkin);
-  CoreToRightLegSkin.GetResistanceBaseline().SetValue(0.703 / 3.0, HeatResistanceUnit::C_s_Per_kcal);
+  CoreToRightLegSkin.GetResistanceBaseline().SetValue(4.19 * 0.703, HeatResistanceUnit::C_s_Per_kcal);
 
   cIntemperature.SetNextAndCurrentFromBaselines();
   cIntemperature.StateChange();

projects/biogears/libBiogears/src/engine/Systems/Energy.cpp

@@ -88,6 +88,13 @@ void Energy::Clear()
   m_BloodpH.Reset();
   m_BicarbonateMolarity_mmol_Per_L.Reset();
   m_previousWeightPack_kg = 0.0;
+
+  m_test = 0.0;
+  m_test1 = 0.0;
+  m_test2 = 0.0;
+  m_test3 = 0.0;
+  m_test4 = 0.0;
+
   m_packOn = false;
 }
 
@@ -382,6 +389,12 @@ void Energy::Process()
 {
   m_circuitCalculator.Process(*m_TemperatureCircuit, m_dT_s);
   CalculateVitalSigns();
+
+  m_data.GetDataTrack().Probe("Empty ", m_test);
+  m_data.GetDataTrack().Probe("Empty1 ", m_test1);
+  m_data.GetDataTrack().Probe("Empty2 ", m_test2);
+  m_data.GetDataTrack().Probe("Empty3 ", m_test3);
+  m_data.GetDataTrack().Probe("Empty4 ", m_test4);
 }
 
 //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -604,59 +617,62 @@ void Energy::CalculateSweatRate()
   double dAirTemperature_C = m_data.GetEnvironment().GetConditions().GetAmbientTemperature(TemperatureUnit::C);
   double dWaterVaporPressureInAmbientAir_mmHg = GeneralMath::AntoineEquation(dAirTemperature_C);
   double m_dWaterVaporPressureInAmbientAir_Pa = Convert(dWaterVaporPressureInAmbientAir_mmHg, PressureUnit::mmHg, PressureUnit::Pa);
+  LLIM(m_dWaterVaporPressureInAmbientAir_Pa, 0.0);
   // double ambientAtmosphericPressure_Pa = m_data.GetEnvironment().GetConditions().GetAtmosphericPressure().GetValue(PressureUnit::Pa);
+  double maximumEvaporativeCapacity_W = 14.21 * (m_Patient->GetSkinSurfaceArea().GetValue(AreaUnit::m2)) * effectiveClothingEvaporation_im_Per_clo * (133.322 * (std::pow(10, (8.1076 - (1750.286 / (235.0 + (m_skinNodes[0]->GetTemperature(TemperatureUnit::C))))))) - (m_dWaterVaporPressureInAmbientAir_Pa)); // Still needs effective clothing evaporation
+  m_test = (m_skinNodes[0]->GetTemperature(TemperatureUnit::C));
+  m_test1 = std::pow(10, (8.1076 - (1750.286 / (235.0 + (m_skinNodes[0]->GetTemperature(TemperatureUnit::C))))));
+  m_test2 = m_dWaterVaporPressureInAmbientAir_Pa;
+  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // WHY IS M_TEST2 SO MUCH GREATER THAN M_TEST1...IT IS CAUSING A HUGE NEGATIVE VALUE. IS THIS RIGHT?
+  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  m_test3 = (133.322 * (std::pow(10, (8.1076 - (1750.286 / (235.0 + (m_skinNodes[0]->GetTemperature(TemperatureUnit::C))))))) - (m_dWaterVaporPressureInAmbientAir_Pa));
   double vaporizationEnergy_J_Per_kg = m_data.GetConfiguration().GetVaporizationEnergy(EnergyPerMassUnit::J_Per_kg);
   double sweatSodiumConcentration_mM = 51.0; /// \cite shirreffs1997whole
   double sweatPotassiumConcentration_mM = 6.0; /// \cite shirreffs1997whole
   double sweatChlorideConcentration_mM = 48.0; /// \cite shirreffs1997whole
-  // static double totalSweatLost_mL = 0; --Used to figure out total sweat loss during exercise scenario during debugging
+                                               // static double totalSweatLost_mL = 0; --Used to figure out total sweat loss during exercise scenario during debugging
 
-  double overallSweatRate_kg_Per_s = 0.0;
-  SEScalarMassPerVolume sweatDensity;
-  for (SEThermalCircuitNode* skinNode : m_skinNodes) {
-    double maximumEvaporativeCapacity_W = 14.21 * (m_Patient->GetSkinSurfaceArea().GetValue(AreaUnit::m2)) * effectiveClothingEvaporation_im_Per_clo * (133.322 * (std::pow(10, (8.1076 - (1750.286 / (235.0 + (skinNode->GetTemperature(TemperatureUnit::C))))))) - ((m_dWaterVaporPressureInAmbientAir_Pa))); // Still needs effective clothing evaporation
-    double currentEvaporativeCapacity_W = sweatHeatTranferCoefficient_W_Per_K * (skinNode->GetTemperature(TemperatureUnit::K));
-    if (currentEvaporativeCapacity_W > maximumEvaporativeCapacity_W) {
-
-      sweatHeatTranferCoefficient_W_Per_K = maximumEvaporativeCapacity_W / (skinNode->GetTemperature(TemperatureUnit::K));
-    }
+  double currentEvaporativeCapacity_W = sweatHeatTranferCoefficient_W_Per_K * (m_skinNodes[0]->GetTemperature(TemperatureUnit::K));
+  if (currentEvaporativeCapacity_W > maximumEvaporativeCapacity_W) {
 
-    double dehydrationFraction = m_data.GetTissue().GetDehydrationFraction().GetValue();
-
-    // Calculate sweat rate (in kg/s) from core temperature feedback.
-    // The sweat rate heat transfer is determined from a control equation that attempts to keep the core temperature in line
-    /// \cite herman2008physics
-    // Sweat rate decreases as dehydration becomes more severe, with max reduction seen at 10% dehydration
-    double dehydrationScalingFactor = GeneralMath::LinearInterpolator(0, .1, 1, 0, dehydrationFraction);
-    BLIM(dehydrationScalingFactor, 0, 1);
-    double sweatRate_kg_Per_s = dehydrationScalingFactor * (0.25 * sweatHeatTranferCoefficient_W_Per_K / vaporizationEnergy_J_Per_kg) * (coreTemperature_degC - coreTemperatureHigh_degC);
-
-    // The Sweat Scaling Factor is caused by changes in the Hyperhidrosis patient parameter to invoke either hyperhidrosis or hypohidrosis
-    /// \cite shih1983autonomic
-    double sweatScalingFactor = 0.0;
-    if (m_Patient->HasHyperhidrosis()) {
-      sweatScalingFactor = m_Patient->GetHyperhidrosis().GetValue();
-      sweatRate_kg_Per_s = (1 + sweatScalingFactor) * sweatRate_kg_Per_s;
-    }
-    overallSweatRate_kg_Per_s += sweatRate_kg_Per_s;
+    sweatHeatTranferCoefficient_W_Per_K = maximumEvaporativeCapacity_W / (m_skinNodes[0]->GetTemperature(TemperatureUnit::K));
   }
+
   /// \todo Convert to sweat density once specific gravity calculation is in
-  GeneralMath::CalculateWaterDensity(m_skinNodes[0]->GetTemperature(), sweatDensity); // using trunk as representation due to it having the largest surface area. This will likely be vectorized out later
+  SEScalarMassPerVolume sweatDensity;
+  GeneralMath::CalculateWaterDensity(m_skinNodes[0]->GetTemperature(), sweatDensity);
+  double dehydrationFraction = m_data.GetTissue().GetDehydrationFraction().GetValue();
+  // Calculate sweat rate (in kg/s) from core temperature feedback.
+  // The sweat rate heat transfer is determined from a control equation that attempts to keep the core temperature in line
+  /// \cite herman2008physics
+  // Sweat rate decreases as dehydration becomes more severe, with max reduction seen at 10% dehydration
+  double dehydrationScalingFactor = GeneralMath::LinearInterpolator(0, .1, 1, 0, dehydrationFraction);
+  BLIM(dehydrationScalingFactor, 0, 1);
+  double sweatRate_kg_Per_s = dehydrationScalingFactor * (0.25 * sweatHeatTranferCoefficient_W_Per_K / vaporizationEnergy_J_Per_kg) * (coreTemperature_degC - coreTemperatureHigh_degC);
+
+  // The Sweat Scaling Factor is caused by changes in the Hyperhidrosis patient parameter to invoke either hyperhidrosis or hypohidrosis
+  /// \cite shih1983autonomic
+  double sweatScalingFactor = 0.0;
+  if (m_Patient->HasHyperhidrosis()) {
+    sweatScalingFactor = m_Patient->GetHyperhidrosis().GetValue();
+    sweatRate_kg_Per_s = (1 + sweatScalingFactor) * sweatRate_kg_Per_s;
+  }
 
-  double maxSweatRate_kg_Per_s = 12.5 * m_Patient->GetSkinSurfaceArea().GetValue(AreaUnit::m2) / 60.0 / 1000.0; //10 - 15 g/min/m2
-  BLIM(overallSweatRate_kg_Per_s, 0.0, maxSweatRate_kg_Per_s);
+  double maxSweatRate_kg_Per_s = 12.5 * m_Patient->GetSkinSurfaceArea().GetValue(AreaUnit::m2) / 60.0 / 1000.0; // 10 - 15 g/min/m2
+  BLIM(sweatRate_kg_Per_s, 0.0, maxSweatRate_kg_Per_s);
 
-  //Account for mass lost by subtracting from the current patient mass
-  double massLost_kg = overallSweatRate_kg_Per_s * m_dT_s;
+  // Account for mass lost by subtracting from the current patient mass
+  double massLost_kg = sweatRate_kg_Per_s * m_dT_s;
   m_Patient->GetWeight().IncrementValue(-massLost_kg, MassUnit::kg);
-  GetSweatRate().SetValue(overallSweatRate_kg_Per_s, MassPerTimeUnit::kg_Per_s);
+  GetSweatRate().SetValue(sweatRate_kg_Per_s, MassPerTimeUnit::kg_Per_s);
 
-  //Calculate mass of ions lost in sweat (sodium, potassium, and chloride):  Converts kg sweat lost -> L sweat lost -> mmol ion lost -> mg ion lost
+  // Calculate mass of ions lost in sweat (sodium, potassium, and chloride):  Converts kg sweat lost -> L sweat lost -> mmol ion lost -> mg ion lost
   double sodiumLost_mg = massLost_kg / sweatDensity.GetValue(MassPerVolumeUnit::kg_Per_L) * sweatSodiumConcentration_mM * m_data.GetSubstances().GetSodium().GetMolarMass(MassPerAmountUnit::mg_Per_mmol);
   double potassiumLost_mg = massLost_kg / sweatDensity.GetValue(MassPerVolumeUnit::kg_Per_L) * sweatPotassiumConcentration_mM * m_data.GetSubstances().GetPotassium().GetMolarMass(MassPerAmountUnit::mg_Per_mmol);
   double chlorideLost_mg = massLost_kg / sweatDensity.GetValue(MassPerVolumeUnit::kg_Per_L) * sweatChlorideConcentration_mM * m_data.GetSubstances().GetChloride().GetMolarMass(MassPerAmountUnit::mg_Per_mmol);
 
-  //Decrement amount of each ion in the skin extracellular compartment, track the cumulative amount removed for output, and balance (i.e. update concentration) remaining levels
+  // Decrement amount of each ion in the skin extracellular compartment, track the cumulative amount removed for output, and balance (i.e. update concentration) remaining levels
   m_SkinSodium->GetMass().IncrementValue(-sodiumLost_mg, MassUnit::mg);
   GetSodiumLostToSweat().IncrementValue(sodiumLost_mg, MassUnit::mg);
   m_SkinPotassium->GetMass().IncrementValue(-potassiumLost_mg, MassUnit::mg);
@@ -667,8 +683,8 @@ void Energy::CalculateSweatRate()
   m_SkinPotassium->Balance(BalanceLiquidBy::Mass);
   m_SkinChloride->Balance(BalanceLiquidBy::Mass);
 
-  //Set the flow source on the extravascular circuit to begin removing the fluid that is excreted
-  double sweatRate_mL_Per_s = overallSweatRate_kg_Per_s / sweatDensity.GetValue(MassPerVolumeUnit::kg_Per_mL);
+  // Set the flow source on the extravascular circuit to begin removing the fluid that is excreted
+  double sweatRate_mL_Per_s = sweatRate_kg_Per_s / sweatDensity.GetValue(MassPerVolumeUnit::kg_Per_mL);
   m_skinExtravascularToSweatingGroundPath->GetNextFlowSource().SetValue(sweatRate_mL_Per_s, VolumePerTimeUnit::mL_Per_s);
 }
 

projects/biogears/libBiogears/src/engine/Systems/Environment.cpp

@@ -710,10 +710,10 @@ void Environment::CalculateEvaporation()
     std::vector<double> segmentedSkinSurfaceAreaPercents; //Using male values for testing
     segmentedSkinSurfaceAreaPercents.push_back(0.36); // Trunk
     segmentedSkinSurfaceAreaPercents.push_back(0.07); // Head
-    segmentedSkinSurfaceAreaPercents.push_back(0.184); // LArm
-    segmentedSkinSurfaceAreaPercents.push_back(0.184); // RArm
-    segmentedSkinSurfaceAreaPercents.push_back(0.386); // LLeg
-    segmentedSkinSurfaceAreaPercents.push_back(0.386); // RLeg
+    segmentedSkinSurfaceAreaPercents.push_back(0.092); // LArm
+    segmentedSkinSurfaceAreaPercents.push_back(0.092); // RArm
+    segmentedSkinSurfaceAreaPercents.push_back(0.193); // LLeg
+    segmentedSkinSurfaceAreaPercents.push_back(0.193); // RLeg
     int index = 0;
     for (SEThermalCircuitPath* envSkinToGround : m_EnvironmentSkinToGroundPaths) {
       double dConvectiveTransferCoefficient_W_Per_m2_K = GetConvectiveHeatTranferCoefficient(HeatConductancePerAreaUnit::W_Per_m2_K);
@@ -761,6 +761,7 @@ void Environment::CalculateEvaporation()
 
       // Set the source
       envSkinToGround->GetNextHeatSource().SetValue(dSurfaceArea_m2 * EvaporativeHeatLossFromSkin_W, PowerUnit::W);
+      index += 1;
     }
   }
 }

projects/biogears/libBiogears/src/engine/Systems/Tissue.cpp

@@ -972,7 +972,7 @@ void Tissue::CalculateMetabolicConsumptionAndProduction(double time_s)
   double ketones_CellularEfficiency = glucose_CellularEfficiency; //Assuming the same as glucose
   double mandatoryMuscleAnaerobicFraction = 0.028; //There is always some anaerobic consumption in the body, particularly in muscle fibers with few mitochondria \cite boron2012medical
   double kcal_Per_day_Per_Watt = 20.6362855;
-  double maxWorkRate_W = 1200; //see Energy::Exercise
+  double maxWorkRate_W = m_Patient->GetMaxWorkRate().GetValue(PowerUnit::W);
 
   double sleepTime_min = m_data.GetNervous().GetSleepTime().GetValue(TimeUnit::min); //update value from last computation
   double wakeTime_min = m_data.GetNervous().GetWakeTime().GetValue(TimeUnit::min); //update value from last computation