doc: add UDP input readme

Author: Lukas955

src/plugins/input/udp/README.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+UDP (input plugin)
+==================
+
+The plugin receives IPFIX messages over UDP transport protocol from one or more exporters
+and pass them into the collector. Multiple instances of the plugin can run concurrently.
+However, they must listen on different ports or local IP addresses.
+
+Keep in mind that connection between the exporter and the collector is unreliable because of UDP and
+IPFIX protocol is unidirectional (the collector can only receive). Because various exporters
+can measure different features of flows, IPFIX specifies templates that describe structure
+of transmitted flow records and the collector uses these templates to interpret them. In case of
+connection over UDP, templates are regularly retransmitted by exporters. However, if the collector
+starts after an exporter, it could miss all templates and it is unable to interpret
+records until next retransmission. *In other words, it may take up to a few minutes for the
+first record to be successfully interpret* (depends on template retransmission interval of the
+exporter).
+
+**Warning**: One of the most common causes of lost flow records transmitted over networks
+using UDP protocol is an undersized receive buffer of a system socket. The actual size of the buffer
+your operating system provides is limited by operating system-level maximums. The plugin
+automatically changes default size to the maximum size during startup. However, the size is usually
+not optimal for monitoring high-speed network or reception from multiple exporters.
+It is recommended to increase the limits before the start of the collector. For the most Linux
+distributions, you can use, for example, following command (value in bytes):
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    sysctl -w net.core.rmem_max=16777216
+
+
+Example configuration
+---------------------
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+    <input>
+        <name>UDP input</name>
+        <plugin>udp</plugin>
+        <params>
+            <localPort>4739</localPort>
+            <localIPAddress></localIPAddress>
+            <!-- Optional parameters -->
+            <connectionTimeout>600</connectionTimeout>
+            <templateLifeTime>1800</templateLifeTime>
+            <optionsTemplateLifeTime>1800</optionsTemplateLifeTime>
+        </params>
+    </input>
+
+Parameters
+----------
+
+Mandatory parameters:
+
+:``localPort``:
+    Local port on which the plugin listens. [default: 4739]
+:``localIPAddress``:
+    Local IPv4/IPv6 address an which the UDP input plugin listens. If the element
+    is left empty, the plugin binds to all available network interfaces. The element can occur
+    multiple times (one IP address per occurrence) to manually select multiple interfaces.
+    [default: empty]
+
+Optional parameters:
+
+:``connectionTimeout``:
+    Exporter connection timeout in seconds. If no message is received from an exporter
+    for a specified time, the connection is considered closed and all resources (associated
+    with the exporter) are removed, such as flow templates, etc. [default: 600]
+:``templateLifeTime``, ``optionsTemplateLifeTime``:
+    (Options) Template lifetime in seconds for all UDP Transport Sessions terminating at
+    this UDP socket. (Options) Templates that are not received again within the configured
+    lifetime become invalid. The lifetime of Templates and Options Templates should be at
+    least three times higher than the same values configured on the corresponding exporter.
+    [default: 1800]