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‎Makefile‎

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SRCDIR := sources
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BUILDDIR := objects
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DISTDIR := distribution
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INCDIR := headers
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KERNEL_SRCS := $(wildcard $(SRCDIR)/kernel/*.c)
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DEVICE_SRCS := $(wildcard $(SRCDIR)/devices/*.c)
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SYSTEM_SRCS := $(wildcard $(SRCDIR)/system/*.c)
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ARCH_C_SRCS := $(wildcard $(SRCDIR)/arch/x86_64/*.c)
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ARCH_ASM_SRCS := $(wildcard $(SRCDIR)/arch/x86_64/*.s)
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KERNEL_OBJS := $(KERNEL_SRCS:$(SRCDIR)/kernel/%.c=$(BUILDDIR)/kernel/%.o)
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DEVICE_OBJS := $(DEVICE_SRCS:$(SRCDIR)/devices/%.c=$(BUILDDIR)/devices/%.o)
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SYSTEM_OBJS := $(SYSTEM_SRCS:$(SRCDIR)/system/%.c=$(BUILDDIR)/system/%.o)
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ARCH_C_OBJS := $(ARCH_C_SRCS:$(SRCDIR)/arch/x86_64/%.c=$(BUILDDIR)/arch/%.o)
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ARCH_ASM_OBJS := $(ARCH_ASM_SRCS:$(SRCDIR)/arch/x86_64/%.s=$(BUILDDIR)/arch/%.o)
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ALL_OBJS := $(KERNEL_OBJS) $(DEVICE_OBJS) $(SYSTEM_OBJS) $(ARCH_C_OBJS) $(ARCH_ASM_OBJS)
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CROSS_COMPILER := x86_64-elf-gcc
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ASSEMBLER := nasm
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LINKER := x86_64-elf-ld
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CFLAGS := -I$(INCDIR) -std=c99 -ffreestanding -O2 -Wall -Wextra \
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-nostdlib -mno-red-zone -mno-mmx -mno-sse -mno-sse2 \
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-mcmodel=kernel -fno-stack-protector -fno-pic
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ASMFLAGS := -f elf64
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LDFLAGS := -nostdlib -T bootloader/linker.ld -N
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.PHONY: all kernel iso clean run debug verify
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all: iso
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kernel: $(DISTDIR)/apollo.bin
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iso: $(DISTDIR)/apollo.iso
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$(BUILDDIR)/kernel/%.o: $(SRCDIR)/kernel/%.c
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@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
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$(CROSS_COMPILER) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
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$(BUILDDIR)/arch/%.o: $(SRCDIR)/arch/x86_64/%.c
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@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
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$(CROSS_COMPILER) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
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$(BUILDDIR)/arch/%.o: $(SRCDIR)/arch/x86_64/%.s
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@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
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$(ASSEMBLER) $(ASMFLAGS) $< -o $@
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$(BUILDDIR)/devices/%.o: $(SRCDIR)/devices/%.c
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@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
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$(CROSS_COMPILER) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
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$(BUILDDIR)/system/%.o: $(SRCDIR)/system/%.c
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@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
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$(CROSS_COMPILER) $(CFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
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$(DISTDIR)/apollo.bin: $(ALL_OBJS)
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@mkdir -p $(DISTDIR)
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$(LINKER) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $(ALL_OBJS)
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$(DISTDIR)/apollo.iso: $(DISTDIR)/apollo.bin
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@mkdir -p $(DISTDIR)/iso_root/boot/grub
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@cp $(DISTDIR)/apollo.bin $(DISTDIR)/iso_root/boot/apollo.bin
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@cp bootloader/grub.cfg $(DISTDIR)/iso_root/boot/grub/
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grub-mkrescue -o $@ $(DISTDIR)/iso_root
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clean:
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rm -rf $(BUILDDIR) $(DISTDIR)
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run: iso
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qemu-system-x86_64 -cdrom $(DISTDIR)/apollo.iso -m 512M -display gtk
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debug: iso
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qemu-system-x86_64 -cdrom $(DISTDIR)/apollo.iso -m 512M -s -S -monitor stdio
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verify: $(DISTDIR)/apollo.bin
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@chmod +x verify_elf.sh
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@./verify_elf.sh

‎bootloader/grub.cfg‎

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set timeout=3
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set timeout_style=menu
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set default=0
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set gfxmode=auto
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set gfxpayload=keep
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terminal_output console
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menuentry "Apollo Kernel v1.0" {
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echo "Loading Apollo Kernel..."
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multiboot /boot/apollo.bin
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echo "Booting Apollo Operating System..."
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boot
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}
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menuentry "Apollo Kernel v1.0 (Multiboot2)" {
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echo "Loading Apollo Kernel with Multiboot2..."
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multiboot2 /boot/apollo.bin
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echo "Booting Apollo Operating System..."
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boot
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}
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menuentry "Apollo Kernel v1.0 (Debug)" {
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echo "Loading Apollo Kernel in debug mode..."
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multiboot /boot/apollo.bin debug
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echo "Booting Apollo Operating System in debug mode..."
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boot
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}

‎bootloader/linker.ld‎

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OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf64-x86-64")
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OUTPUT_ARCH("i386:x86-64")
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ENTRY(boot_entry_point)
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SECTIONS
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{
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. = 0x100000;
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.multiboot :
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{
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KEEP(*(.multiboot))
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}
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. = ALIGN(0x1000);
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.text :
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{
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*(.text)
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*(.text.*)
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}
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. = ALIGN(0x1000);
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.rodata :
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{
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*(.rodata)
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*(.rodata.*)
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}
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. = ALIGN(0x1000);
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.data :
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{
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*(.data)
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*(.data.*)
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}
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. = ALIGN(0x1000);
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.bss :
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{
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*(COMMON)
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*(.bss)
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*(.bss.*)
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}
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/DISCARD/ :
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{
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*(.comment)
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*(.note)
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*(.note.*)
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*(.eh_frame)
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*(.eh_frame_hdr)
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*(.gnu.hash)
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*(.gnu.version*)
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*(.rel.*)
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*(.rela.*)
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}
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}

‎debug_header.sh‎

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BINARY="distribution/apollo.bin"
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if [ ! -f "$BINARY" ]; then
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echo "Error: Binary file $BINARY not found"
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exit 1
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fi
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echo "=== Multiboot Header Debug ==="
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echo "Binary file: $BINARY"
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echo "File size: $(stat -c%s "$BINARY") bytes"
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echo ""
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echo "First 64 bytes (hex):"
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hexdump -C -n 64 "$BINARY"
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echo ""
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echo "Searching for Multiboot2 magic (0xe85250d6):"
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MAGIC_POS=$(xxd -p "$BINARY" | tr -d '\n' | grep -b -o "d65052e8" | head -1 | cut -d: -f1)
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if [ -n "$MAGIC_POS" ]; then
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BYTE_POS=$((MAGIC_POS / 2))
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echo "Found multiboot2 magic at byte offset: $BYTE_POS"
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if [ $BYTE_POS -le 32768 ]; then
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echo "✓ Magic is within first 32KB (GRUB requirement)"
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else
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echo "✗ Magic is beyond 32KB - GRUB won't find it"
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fi
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else
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echo "✗ Multiboot2 magic not found!"
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fi
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echo ""
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echo "First 16 bytes as 32-bit words:"
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hexdump -e '4/4 "0x%08x " "\n"' -n 16 "$BINARY"

‎headers/command_processor.h‎

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#ifndef APOLLO_COMMAND_PROCESSOR_H
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#define APOLLO_COMMAND_PROCESSOR_H
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#include <stdint.h>
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void command_processor_initialize(void);
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void command_processor_handle_input(uint8_t scan_code);
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#endif

‎headers/config.h‎

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#ifndef APOLLO_CONFIG_H
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#define APOLLO_CONFIG_H
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#define APOLLO_VERSION_MAJOR 1
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#define APOLLO_VERSION_MINOR 0
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#define APOLLO_VERSION_PATCH 0
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#define APOLLO_VERSION_STRING "1.0.0"
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#define APOLLO_ARCH_X86_64 1
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#define APOLLO_ARCH_STRING "x86_64"
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#define APOLLO_PAGE_SIZE 4096
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#define APOLLO_KERNEL_HEAP_SIZE (16 * 1024 * 1024) // 16MB
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#define APOLLO_KERNEL_STACK_SIZE (64 * 1024) // 64KB
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#define APOLLO_MEMORY_ALIGNMENT 8
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#define APOLLO_VGA_WIDTH 80
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#define APOLLO_VGA_HEIGHT 25
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#define APOLLO_VGA_COLORS 16
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#define APOLLO_KEYBOARD_BUFFER_SIZE 256
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#define APOLLO_COMMAND_MAX_LENGTH 256
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#define APOLLO_COMMAND_HISTORY_SIZE 32
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#define APOLLO_MAX_COMMAND_ARGS 16
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#define APOLLO_MULTIBOOT2_MAGIC 0xe85250d6
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#define APOLLO_KERNEL_LOAD_ADDRESS 0x100000 // 1MB
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#ifdef DEBUG
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#define APOLLO_DEBUG_ENABLED 1
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#define APOLLO_SERIAL_DEBUG 1
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#else
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#define APOLLO_DEBUG_ENABLED 0
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#define APOLLO_SERIAL_DEBUG 0
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#endif
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#define APOLLO_FEATURE_MEMORY_MANAGER 1
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#define APOLLO_FEATURE_COMMAND_SHELL 1
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#define APOLLO_FEATURE_VGA_GRAPHICS 1
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#define APOLLO_FEATURE_PS2_KEYBOARD 1
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#define APOLLO_FEATURE_RTC_CLOCK 1
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#define APOLLO_COMPILER_NAME "GCC"
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#define APOLLO_BUILD_DATE __DATE__
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#define APOLLO_BUILD_TIME __TIME__
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#define APOLLO_MAX_FILENAME_LENGTH 255
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#define APOLLO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH 1024
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#define APOLLO_MAX_PROCESSES 32
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#define APOLLO_MAX_THREADS 128
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#define APOLLO_ASSERT_ENABLED 1
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#define APOLLO_ERROR_CHECKING 1
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#define APOLLO_CPU_VENDOR_INTEL 0x756e6547 // "Genu"
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#define APOLLO_CPU_VENDOR_AMD 0x68747541 // "Auth"
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#define APOLLO_TIMER_FREQUENCY 1000 // 1000 Hz
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#define APOLLO_SCHEDULER_QUANTUM 10 // 10ms
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#define APOLLO_VGA_CTRL_PORT 0x3D4
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#define APOLLO_VGA_DATA_PORT 0x3D5
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#define APOLLO_KB_DATA_PORT 0x60
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#define APOLLO_KB_STATUS_PORT 0x64
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#define APOLLO_CMOS_ADDRESS_PORT 0x70
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#define APOLLO_CMOS_DATA_PORT 0x71
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#define APOLLO_HEAP_MAGIC 0xDEADBEEF
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#define APOLLO_STACK_MAGIC 0xCAFEBABE
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#define APOLLO_KERNEL_MAGIC 0x41504F4C // "APOL"
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#define APOLLO_DEFAULT_FG_COLOR 7 // Light gray
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#define APOLLO_DEFAULT_BG_COLOR 0 // Black
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#define APOLLO_LOGO_COLOR 14 // Yellow
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#define APOLLO_ACCENT_COLOR 3 // Orange
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#define APOLLO_KB(x) ((x) * 1024)
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#define APOLLO_MB(x) ((x) * 1024 * 1024)
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#define APOLLO_GB(x) ((x) * 1024ULL * 1024 * 1024)
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#define APOLLO_STRINGIFY(x) #x
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#define APOLLO_TOSTRING(x) APOLLO_STRINGIFY(x)
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#if APOLLO_DEBUG_ENABLED
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#define APOLLO_DEBUG_PRINT(fmt, ...) debug_printf(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
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#else
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#define APOLLO_DEBUG_PRINT(fmt, ...) do {} while(0)
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#endif
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#define APOLLO_STATIC_ASSERT(cond, msg) \
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typedef char apollo_static_assert_##msg[(cond) ? 1 : -1]
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APOLLO_STATIC_ASSERT(APOLLO_PAGE_SIZE == 4096, page_size_must_be_4k);
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APOLLO_STATIC_ASSERT(APOLLO_MEMORY_ALIGNMENT >= 8, alignment_must_be_at_least_8);
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APOLLO_STATIC_ASSERT(APOLLO_KEYBOARD_BUFFER_SIZE > 0, keyboard_buffer_must_be_positive);
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#endif

‎headers/heap_allocator.h‎

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#ifndef APOLLO_HEAP_ALLOCATOR_H
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#define APOLLO_HEAP_ALLOCATOR_H
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#include <stddef.h>
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#include <stdint.h>
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void heap_allocator_initialize(void);
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void* apollo_allocate_memory(size_t size);
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void apollo_free_memory(void* ptr);
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void* apollo_allocate_zeroed_memory(size_t count, size_t element_size);
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void* apollo_reallocate_memory(void* ptr, size_t new_size);
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size_t heap_allocator_get_used_memory(void);
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size_t heap_allocator_get_free_memory(void);
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size_t heap_allocator_get_total_memory(void);
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void heap_allocator_dump_info(void);
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#endif

‎headers/input_manager.h‎

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#ifndef APOLLO_INPUT_MANAGER_H
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#define APOLLO_INPUT_MANAGER_H
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#include <stdint.h>
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#include <stdbool.h>
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#define SCANCODE_UP_ARROW 0x48
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#define SCANCODE_DOWN_ARROW 0x50
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#define SCANCODE_LEFT_ARROW 0x4B
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#define SCANCODE_RIGHT_ARROW 0x4D
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#define SCANCODE_ESCAPE 0x01
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#define SCANCODE_ENTER 0x1C
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#define SCANCODE_BACKSPACE 0x0E
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#define SCANCODE_TAB 0x0F
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#define SCANCODE_SPACE 0x39
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#define SCANCODE_DELETE 0x53
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#define SCANCODE_INSERT 0x52
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#define SCANCODE_HOME 0x47
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#define SCANCODE_END 0x4F
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#define SCANCODE_PAGE_UP 0x49
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#define SCANCODE_PAGE_DOWN 0x51
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#define SCANCODE_F1 0xF1
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#define SCANCODE_F2 0xF2
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#define SCANCODE_F3 0xF3
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#define SCANCODE_F4 0xF4
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#define SCANCODE_F5 0xF5
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#define SCANCODE_F6 0xF6
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#define SCANCODE_F7 0xF7
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#define SCANCODE_F8 0xF8
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#define SCANCODE_F9 0xF9
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#define SCANCODE_F10 0xFA
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#define SCANCODE_F11 0xFB
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#define SCANCODE_F12 0xFC
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void input_manager_initialize(void);
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bool input_manager_has_input(void);
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uint8_t input_manager_read_scancode(void);
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char input_manager_scancode_to_ascii(uint8_t scan_code);
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bool input_manager_is_shift_pressed(void);
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bool input_manager_is_ctrl_pressed(void);
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bool input_manager_is_alt_pressed(void);
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bool input_manager_is_caps_lock_on(void);
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bool input_manager_is_num_lock_on(void);
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bool input_manager_is_scroll_lock_on(void);
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uint8_t input_manager_get_last_scancode(void);
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#endif

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