diff --git a/DESCRIPTION b/DESCRIPTION
index c8ecbf5..50d35ca 100644
--- a/DESCRIPTION
+++ b/DESCRIPTION
@@ -51,11 +51,10 @@ Imports:
     ggplot2,
     ggspatial,
     stats,
-    raster,
     sf,
     dplyr,
-    magrittr,
     httr,
+    terra,
     tidyhydat,
     whitebox,
     datasets,
diff --git a/NAMESPACE b/NAMESPACE
index 1a42493..eab5562 100644
--- a/NAMESPACE
+++ b/NAMESPACE
@@ -110,17 +110,8 @@ importFrom(lubridate,date)
 importFrom(lubridate,day)
 importFrom(lubridate,month)
 importFrom(lubridate,year)
-importFrom(magrittr,"%>%")
 importFrom(plotrix,radial.grid)
 importFrom(plotrix,radial.plot)
-importFrom(raster,crs)
-importFrom(raster,getValues)
-importFrom(raster,mask)
-importFrom(raster,maxValue)
-importFrom(raster,minValue)
-importFrom(raster,raster)
-importFrom(raster,rasterFromXYZ)
-importFrom(raster,rasterToContour)
 importFrom(rnaturalearth,ne_download)
 importFrom(rnaturalearth,ne_load)
 importFrom(sf,as_Spatial)
@@ -146,6 +137,15 @@ importFrom(stringr,fixed)
 importFrom(stringr,str_detect)
 importFrom(stringr,str_split_fixed)
 importFrom(stringr,str_to_lower)
+importFrom(terra,as.contour)
+importFrom(terra,crs)
+importFrom(terra,hist)
+importFrom(terra,mask)
+importFrom(terra,minmax)
+importFrom(terra,plot)
+importFrom(terra,quantile)
+importFrom(terra,rast)
+importFrom(terra,values)
 importFrom(tidyhydat,hy_agency_list)
 importFrom(tidyhydat,hy_daily)
 importFrom(tidyhydat,hy_datum_list)
diff --git a/R/ch_catchment_hyps.R b/R/ch_catchment_hyps.R
index b21f73e..0e6b0e7 100644
--- a/R/ch_catchment_hyps.R
+++ b/R/ch_catchment_hyps.R
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 #' curve may also be created.
 #' 
 #' @param catchment A \pkg{sf} object containing the catchment divide.
-#' @param dem A \pkg{raster} object of the Digital Elevation Model.
+#' @param dem A \pkg{terra} SpatRaster object of the Digital Elevation Model.
 #' @param z_levels Vector of elevation levels for the hypsometry. If specified, 
 #' then no other elevation parameters are required. Default is \code{NULL}.
 #' @param n_levels If specified, sets number of elevation intervals. 
@@ -32,15 +32,13 @@
 #' @param ... Other parameters for the graph
 #'
 #' @importFrom sf as_Spatial
-#' @importFrom raster mask minValue maxValue 
+#' @importFrom terra mask minmax hist quantile plot
 #' @return Returns a data frame of elevations and catchment fractions below.
 #' @author Dan Moore
 #' @export
 #'
 #' @examples \donttest{
 #' # Note: example not tested automatically as it is very slow to execute due to the downloading
-#' library(raster)
-#' library(magrittr)
 #' # change the following line to specify a directory to hold the data
 #' dir_name <- tempdir(check = FALSE)
 #' # create directory to store data sets
@@ -59,11 +57,11 @@
 #' cb <- ch_get_url_data(cb_url, cb_fn)
 #' 
 #' # quick check plot - all catchments
-#' raster::plot(dem_upc)
+#' terra::plot(dem_upc)
 #' plot(cb, add = TRUE, col = NA)
 #' 
 #' # subset 240 catchment
-#' cb_240 <- cb %>% dplyr::filter(wsc_name == "240")
+#' cb_240 <- cb |> dplyr::filter(wsc_name == "240")
 #' plot(cb_240, col = NA)
 #' 
 #' ## test function 
@@ -101,27 +99,25 @@ ch_catchment_hyps <- function(catchment, dem,
                           add_grid = FALSE, ...) {
   # need to add error traps for incorrect values for
   # catchment and dem
-  catchment_sp <- as_Spatial(catchment)
-  dem_masked <- raster::mask(dem, catchment_sp)
+  dem_masked <- terra::mask(dem, catchment)
   if (is.null(quantiles)) {
     if (is.null(z_levels)) {
-      if (is.null(zmin)) zmin <- raster::minValue(dem_masked)
-      if (is.null(zmax)) zmax <- raster::maxValue(dem_masked)    
+      if (is.null(zmin)) zmin <- terra::minmax(dem_masked)[1]
+      if (is.null(zmax)) zmax <- terra::minmax(dem_masked)[2]    
       z_levels <- seq(zmin, zmax, length.out = n_levels)
     }
     # there may be a more direct way, but this works
-    z_hist <- raster::hist(dem_masked, plot = FALSE, breaks = z_levels)
+    z_hist <- terra::hist(dem_masked, plot = FALSE, breaks = z_levels)
     nz <- sum(z_hist$counts)
     qz <- c(0, cumsum(z_hist$counts)/nz)
     out_df <- data.frame(z = z_levels, qz)
   } else {
-    zq <- raster::quantile(dem_masked, probs = quantiles)
-    out_df <- data.frame(z = zq, qz = quantiles)
+    zq <- terra::global(dem_masked, fun = quantile, probs = quantiles, na.rm = T)
+    out_df <- data.frame(z = as.numeric(t(zq)), qz = quantiles)
   }
   if (hypso_plot) {
     plot(out_df$qz, out_df$z,
-         col = col, xlab = xlab, ylab = ylab, type = type, ...
-    )
+         col = col, xlab = xlab, ylab = ylab, type = type)
     if (add_grid) grid()
   }
   return(out_df)
diff --git a/R/ch_checkcatchment.R b/R/ch_checkcatchment.R
index 28edb31..a1d3c1d 100644
--- a/R/ch_checkcatchment.R
+++ b/R/ch_checkcatchment.R
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 #' Also generates a table summarizing the catchments, 
 #' including the coordinates of the outlet point and the catchment area.
 #'
-#' @param dem raster DEM that catchments were generated from.
+#' @param dem terra SpatRaster DEM that catchments were generated from.
 #' @param catchment Catchment polygon (sf object).
 #' @param outlet Location of catchment outlet (sf object).
 #' @param outlet_label Character label for outlet.
@@ -36,23 +36,22 @@
 #' @importFrom ggspatial annotation_north_arrow north_arrow_fancy_orienteering annotation_scale 
 #' @importFrom dplyr mutate 
 #' @importFrom grid unit
-#' @importFrom magrittr %>%
 #' @export
 #' @examples
 #' # Only proceed if Whitebox executable is installed
 #' library(whitebox)
 #' if (check_whitebox_binary()){
-#'   library(raster)
+#'   library(terra)
 #'   test_raster <- ch_volcano_raster()
 #'   dem_raster_file <- tempfile(fileext = ".tif")
 #'   no_sink_raster_file <- tempfile("no_sinks", fileext = ".tif")
 #' 
 #'   # write test raster to file
-#'   writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file, format = "GTiff")
+#'   terra::writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file)
 #' 
 #'   # remove sinks
 #'   removed_sinks <- ch_wbt_removesinks(dem_raster_file, no_sink_raster_file, 
-#'   method = "fill")
+#'                                       method = "fill")
 #' 
 #'   # get flow accumulations
 #'   flow_acc_file <- tempfile("flow_acc", fileext = ".tif")
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@
 #'   pourpoints <- ch_volcano_pourpoints(pourpoint_file)
 #'   snapped_pourpoint_file <- tempfile("snapped_pourpoints", fileext = ".shp")
 #'   snapped_pourpoints <- ch_wbt_pourpoints(pourpoints, flow_acc_file, pourpoint_file,
-#'   snapped_pourpoint_file, snap_dist = 10)
+#'                                           snapped_pourpoint_file, snap_dist = 10)
 #' 
 #' # get flow directions
 #'   flow_dir_file <- tempfile("flow_dir", fileext = ".tif")
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@
 #'   fn_catchment_ras <- tempfile("catchment", fileext = ".tif")
 #'   fn_catchment_vec <- tempfile("catchment", fileext = ".shp")
 #'   catchments <- ch_wbt_catchment(snapped_pourpoint_file, flow_dir_file, 
-#'   fn_catchment_ras, fn_catchment_vec)
+#'                                  fn_catchment_ras, fn_catchment_vec)
 #' 
 #' # check results
 #'   ch_checkcatchment(test_raster, catchments, snapped_pourpoints)
@@ -142,7 +141,7 @@ ch_checkcatchment <- function(dem, catchment, outlet, outlet_label = NULL,
     area <- st_area(catchment)
     units <- rep(paste0(attr(area, "units")$numerator[1], "^2"), length(area))
     value <- round(as.numeric(area))
-    area_df <- outlet %>%
+    area_df <- outlet |>
       mutate(label = labels, area = value, units = units)
 
     return(TRUE)
diff --git a/R/ch_checkchannels.R b/R/ch_checkchannels.R
index 824426a..3ef48a6 100644
--- a/R/ch_checkchannels.R
+++ b/R/ch_checkchannels.R
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #' @details
 #' Generates a simple map of the drainage network plotted over the contours to allow a visual assessment.
 #' 
-#' @param dem raster DEM that catchments were generated from
+#' @param dem terra SpatRaster DEM that catchments were generated from
 #' @param channels channel polyline (or channels list from \code{ch_wbt_channels}) (sf object)
 #' @param main_label Main label for channel plot.
 #' @param channel_colour Colour for channel. Default is "blue".
@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@
 #' # Only proceed if Whitebox executable is installed
 #' library(whitebox)
 #' if (check_whitebox_binary()){
-#'   library(raster)
+#'   library(terra)
 #'   test_raster <- ch_volcano_raster()
 #'   dem_raster_file <- tempfile(fileext = c(".tif"))
 #'   no_sink_raster_file <- tempfile("no_sinks", fileext = c(".tif"))
 #' 
 #'   # write test raster to file
-#'   writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file, format = "GTiff")
+#'   terra::writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file)
 #' 
 #'   # remove sinks
 #'   removed_sinks <- ch_wbt_removesinks(dem_raster_file, no_sink_raster_file, method = "fill")
@@ -48,14 +48,14 @@
 #'   channel_raster_file <- tempfile("channels", fileext = c(".tif"))
 #'   channel_vector_file <- tempfile("channels", fileext = c(".shp"))
 #'   channels <- ch_wbt_channels(flow_acc_file, flow_dir_file, channel_raster_file,
-#'   channel_vector_file, 1)
+#'                               channel_vector_file, 1)
 #' 
 #'   # get pour points
 #'   pourpoint_file <- tempfile("volcano_pourpoints", fileext = ".shp")
 #'   pourpoints <- ch_volcano_pourpoints(pourpoint_file)
 #'   snapped_pourpoint_file <- tempfile("snapped_pourpoints", fileext = ".shp")
 #'   snapped_pourpoints <- ch_wbt_pourpoints(pourpoints, flow_acc_file, pourpoint_file,
-#'   snapped_pourpoint_file, snap_dist = 10)
+#'                                           snapped_pourpoint_file, snap_dist = 10)
 #'   ch_checkchannels(test_raster, channels, snapped_pourpoints)
 #' } else {
 #'   message("Examples not run as Whitebox executable not found")
diff --git a/R/ch_contours.R b/R/ch_contours.R
index d830e45..dea65e4 100644
--- a/R/ch_contours.R
+++ b/R/ch_contours.R
@@ -29,9 +29,8 @@
 #' # plot contours map
 #' plot(contours)
 #' 
-#' @importFrom raster raster getValues rasterToContour crs
+#' @importFrom terra rast values as.contour crs
 #' @importFrom sf st_as_sf st_crs
-#' @importFrom magrittr %>%
 #' @export
 ch_contours <- function(dem,
                         zmin = NULL, zmax = NULL,
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ ch_contours <- function(dem,
   
   # determine contour levels
   if (is.null(z_levels)) {
-    z <- getValues(dem)
+    z <- values(dem)
     if (is.null(zmin)) zmin <- min(z, na.rm = TRUE)
     if (is.null(zmax)) zmax <- max(z, na.rm = TRUE)
     z_levels <- seq(zmin, zmax, length.out = n_levels)
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@ ch_contours <- function(dem,
   # if dem includes sea level, start contours at 0.1 m to mimic coastline
   if (z_levels[1] <= 0) {z_levels[1] <- 0.1}
   # generate contours as a sf object
-  contours_sf <- rasterToContour(dem, levels = z_levels) %>%
+  contours_sf <- as.contour(dem, levels = z_levels) |> 
     st_as_sf()
   sf::st_crs(contours_sf) <- crs(dem)
   return(contours_sf)
diff --git a/R/ch_get_url_data.R b/R/ch_get_url_data.R
index f03c987..fb27cf1 100644
--- a/R/ch_get_url_data.R
+++ b/R/ch_get_url_data.R
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 #'
 #' @importFrom httr GET write_disk
 #' @importFrom sf st_read
-#' @importFrom raster raster
+#' @importFrom terra rast
 #'
 #' @return Returns a data frame (from a .csv file), a \code{raster} object (from a .tif file), 
 #'or an \code{sf} object (from a GeoJSON file).
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #' # Tested using files in the Upper Penticton Creek
 #' # zenodo repository https://zenodo.org/record/4781469
 #' library(ggplot2)
-#' library(raster)
+#' library(terra)
 #' 
 #' # create directory to store data sets
 #' dir_name <- tempdir(check = FALSE)
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 #' ra_fn <- file.path(dir_name, "gs_dem25.tif")
 #' ra_url <- "https://zenodo.org/record/4781469/files/gs_dem25.tif"
 #' ra_data <- ch_get_url_data(ra_url, ra_fn)
-#' plot(ra_data)
+#' terra::plot(ra_data)
 #' 
 #' # test with GeoJSON
 #' gs_fn <- file.path(dir_name, "gs_soilmaps.GeoJSON")
@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@
 #' @export
 #' 
 ch_get_url_data <- function(gd_url, gd_filename, quiet = FALSE) {
-  file_ext <- strsplit(x = gd_filename, split = "[.]")[[1]][2]
+  filesplit <- strsplit(x = gd_filename, split = "[.]")[[1]]
+  file_ext <- filesplit[length(filesplit)]
   
   # csv file - returns data frame
   if (file_ext == "csv") {
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ ch_get_url_data <- function(gd_url, gd_filename, quiet = FALSE) {
 
       GET(gd_url, write_disk(gd_filename))
     }
-    da <- raster::raster(gd_filename)
+    da <- terra::rast(gd_filename)
     return(da)
   }
   
diff --git a/R/ch_map_plot_data.R b/R/ch_map_plot_data.R
index ac76c20..725a267 100644
--- a/R/ch_map_plot_data.R
+++ b/R/ch_map_plot_data.R
@@ -248,10 +248,10 @@ ch_map_plot_data <- function(map_data,
     map_label4 <- map_label3[map_label3$llat <= maplat[2],]
     
     
-    map_labels <- map_label4 %>%
-      dplyr::mutate(Label = as.factor(Labels)) %>%
-      dplyr::mutate(lpos = as.factor(lpos)) %>%
-      sf::st_as_sf(coords = c("llong","llat")) %>%
+    map_labels <- map_label4 |>
+      dplyr::mutate(Label = as.factor(Labels)) |>
+      dplyr::mutate(lpos = as.factor(lpos)) |>
+      sf::st_as_sf(coords = c("llong","llat")) |>
       sf::st_set_crs(4326)
     
     
@@ -293,9 +293,9 @@ ch_map_plot_data <- function(map_data,
       
     }
     # create a simple features object with crs = epsg 4326 (longlat with WGS84 geoid)
-    pt_sf <- data.frame(mlong, mlat, mcode) %>%
-      dplyr::mutate(mcode = as.factor(mcode)) %>%
-      sf::st_as_sf(coords = c("mlong", "mlat")) %>%
+    pt_sf <- data.frame(mlong, mlat, mcode) |>
+      dplyr::mutate(mcode = as.factor(mcode)) |>
+      sf::st_as_sf(coords = c("mlong", "mlat")) |>
       sf::st_set_crs(4326)
     
     
@@ -340,10 +340,10 @@ ch_map_plot_data <- function(map_data,
     
     
     # create a simple features object with crs = epsg 4326 (longlat with WGS84 geoid)
-    pt_sf <- data.frame(mlong, mlat, trend, signif) %>%
-      dplyr::mutate(trend = as.factor(trend)) %>%
-      dplyr::mutate(signif = as.factor(signif)) %>%
-      sf::st_as_sf(coords = c("mlong", "mlat")) %>%
+    pt_sf <- data.frame(mlong, mlat, trend, signif) |>
+      dplyr::mutate(trend = as.factor(trend)) |>
+      dplyr::mutate(signif = as.factor(signif)) |>
+      sf::st_as_sf(coords = c("mlong", "mlat")) |>
       sf::st_set_crs(4326)
     
     # reproject 
@@ -385,9 +385,9 @@ ch_map_plot_data <- function(map_data,
     
     
     # create a simple features object with crs = epsg 4326 (longlat with WGS84 geoid)
-    pt_sf <- data.frame(mlong, mlat, var_a ) %>%
-      dplyr::mutate(var_a = as.factor(var_a)) %>%
-      sf::st_as_sf(coords = c("mlong", "mlat")) %>%
+    pt_sf <- data.frame(mlong, mlat, var_a ) |>
+      dplyr::mutate(var_a = as.factor(var_a)) |>
+      sf::st_as_sf(coords = c("mlong", "mlat")) |>
       sf::st_set_crs(4326)
     
     # reproject 
@@ -435,9 +435,9 @@ ch_map_plot_data <- function(map_data,
     
     
     # create a simple features object with crs = epsg 4326 (longlat with WGS84 geoid)
-    pt_sf <- data.frame(mlong, mlat, var_a ) %>%
-      dplyr::mutate(var_a = as.factor(var_a)) %>%
-      sf::st_as_sf(coords = c("mlong", "mlat")) %>%
+    pt_sf <- data.frame(mlong, mlat, var_a ) |>
+      dplyr::mutate(var_a = as.factor(var_a)) |>
+      sf::st_as_sf(coords = c("mlong", "mlat")) |>
       sf::st_set_crs(4326)
     
     # reproject 
@@ -483,13 +483,13 @@ ch_map_plot_data <- function(map_data,
     lcol <- unlist(x_labels[6])
     llabels <- unlist(x_labels[7])
     
-    xmap_labels <- data.frame(llong, llat, lpos, lcol, lfont, lcex, llabels) %>%               
-      dplyr::mutate(llabels = as.factor(llabels)) %>%
-      dplyr::mutate(lpos = as.factor(lpos)) %>%
-      dplyr::mutate(lcol = as.factor(lcol)) %>%
-      dplyr::mutate(lcex = as.factor(lcex)) %>%
-      dplyr::mutate(lfont = as.factor(lfont)) %>%
-      sf::st_as_sf(coords = c("llong","llat")) %>%
+    xmap_labels <- data.frame(llong, llat, lpos, lcol, lfont, lcex, llabels) |>               
+      dplyr::mutate(llabels = as.factor(llabels)) |>
+      dplyr::mutate(lpos = as.factor(lpos)) |>
+      dplyr::mutate(lcol = as.factor(lcol)) |>
+      dplyr::mutate(lcex = as.factor(lcex)) |>
+      dplyr::mutate(lfont = as.factor(lfont)) |>
+      sf::st_as_sf(coords = c("llong","llat")) |>
       sf::st_set_crs(4326)
     
     x_labelsa <- sf::st_transform(xmap_labels, map_proj)
diff --git a/R/ch_volcano_pourpoints.R b/R/ch_volcano_pourpoints.R
index c980f10..5462f80 100644
--- a/R/ch_volcano_pourpoints.R
+++ b/R/ch_volcano_pourpoints.R
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 #' @export
 #' @importFrom dplyr mutate
 #' @importFrom sf st_as_sf st_set_crs st_write
-#' @importFrom magrittr %>%
 #' @author Dan Moore and Kevin Shook
 #' @seealso \code{\link{ch_volcano_raster}} \code{\link{ch_wbt_pourpoints}} 
 #'
@@ -25,9 +24,9 @@ ch_volcano_pourpoints <- function(pp_shp) {
   }
 
   outlet_sf <- data.frame(x = c(300570, 300644),
-                          y = c(5916757, 5916557)) %>%
-    mutate(test_label = c("test_1", "test_2")) %>%
-    st_as_sf(coords = c("x", "y")) %>%
+                          y = c(5916757, 5916557)) |> 
+    mutate(test_label = c("test_1", "test_2")) |>
+    st_as_sf(coords = c("x", "y")) |>
     st_set_crs(32760)
   if (file.exists(pp_shp))
     st_write(outlet_sf, pp_shp, delete_dsn = TRUE)
diff --git a/R/ch_volcano_raster.R b/R/ch_volcano_raster.R
index 59e50fd..549f69f 100644
--- a/R/ch_volcano_raster.R
+++ b/R/ch_volcano_raster.R
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-#' Create Test Raster
+#' Create Test SpatRaster
 #'
 #' @description 
-#' Creates a \pkg{raster} object of land surface elevations, as
+#' Creates a \pkg{terra} object of land surface elevations, as
 #' used to test/demonstrate many functions requiring a digital elevation model 
 #' (DEM). 
 #' 
@@ -10,10 +10,9 @@
 #' \code{volcano} matrix of elevations.
 #' 
 #' @export 
-#' @return Returns a raster object of land surface elevations. 
+#' @return Returns a SpatRaster object of land surface elevations. 
 #' @author Dan Moore and Kevin Shook
-#' @importFrom raster rasterFromXYZ crs
-#' @importFrom magrittr %>%
+#' @importFrom terra rast crs
 #' @examples
 #' test_raster <- ch_volcano_raster()
 #' 
@@ -28,8 +27,8 @@ ch_volcano_raster <- function() {
   ymax <- ymin + (nr - 1)*dx
   x <- rep(seq(xmax, xmin, -dx), each = nr)
   y <- rep(seq(ymin, ymax, dx), times = nc)
-  vol_ras <- data.frame(x, y, z = as.numeric(vol_mat)) %>%
-    raster::rasterFromXYZ()
-  raster::crs(vol_ras) <- "+proj=utm +zone=60 +south +datum=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs" 
+  vol_ras <- data.frame(x, y, z = as.numeric(vol_mat)) |>
+    terra::rast(type = 'xyz')
+  terra::crs(vol_ras) <- "+proj=utm +zone=60 +south +datum=WGS84 +units=m +no_defs" 
   return(vol_ras)
 }
diff --git a/R/ch_wbt_catchment.R b/R/ch_wbt_catchment.R
index 1c08b8d..cd061c5 100644
--- a/R/ch_wbt_catchment.R
+++ b/R/ch_wbt_catchment.R
@@ -7,10 +7,9 @@
 #' @param return_vector If \code{TRUE} (the default) a vector of the catchment will be returned.
 #' 
 #' @author Dan Moore and Kevin Shook
-#' @importFrom raster raster
+#' @importFrom terra rast
 #' @importFrom whitebox wbt_watershed wbt_raster_to_vector_polygons
 #' @importFrom sf st_crs write_sf st_read
-#' @importFrom magrittr %>%
 #' @return If \code{return_vector == TRUE} a vector of the catchment is returned. Otherwise
 #' nothing is returned.
 #' @export
@@ -19,13 +18,13 @@
 #' # Only proceed if Whitebox executable is installed
 #' library(whitebox)
 #' if (check_whitebox_binary()){
-#'   library(raster)
+#'   library(terra)
 #'   test_raster <- ch_volcano_raster()
 #'   dem_raster_file <- tempfile(fileext = ".tif")
 #'   no_sink_raster_file <- tempfile("no_sinks", fileext = ".tif")
 #' 
 #'   # write test raster to file
-#'   writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file, format = "GTiff")
+#'   terra::writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file)
 #' 
 #'   # remove sinks
 #'   removed_sinks <- ch_wbt_removesinks(dem_raster_file, no_sink_raster_file, method = "fill")
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@
 #'   pourpoints <- ch_volcano_pourpoints(pourpoint_file)
 #'   snapped_pourpoint_file <- tempfile("snapped_pourpoints", fileext = ".shp")
 #'   snapped_pourpoints <- ch_wbt_pourpoints(pourpoints, flow_acc_file, pourpoint_file,
-#'   snapped_pourpoint_file, snap_dist = 10)
+#'                                           snapped_pourpoint_file, snap_dist = 10)
 #' 
 #'   # get flow directions
 #'   flow_dir_file <- tempfile("flow_dir", fileext = ".tif")
@@ -47,14 +46,16 @@
 #'   fn_catchment_ras <- tempfile("catchment", fileext = ".tif")
 #'   fn_catchment_vec <- tempfile("catchment", fileext = ".shp")
 #'   catchments <- ch_wbt_catchment(snapped_pourpoint_file, flow_dir_file, 
-#'   fn_catchment_ras, fn_catchment_vec)
+#'                                  fn_catchment_ras, fn_catchment_vec)
 #' } else {
 #'   message("Examples not run as Whitebox executable not found")
 #' }
 
 ch_wbt_catchment <- function(fn_pp_snap, fn_flowdir, fn_catchment_ras, 
                              fn_catchment_vec, return_vector = TRUE) {
+  
   ch_wbt_check_whitebox()
+  
   if (!file.exists(fn_pp_snap)) {
     stop("Error: file containing snapped pour points does not exist")
   }
@@ -63,19 +64,28 @@ ch_wbt_catchment <- function(fn_pp_snap, fn_flowdir, fn_catchment_ras,
   }
   
   message("ch_wbt: Delineating catchment boundaries")
+  
   crs_pp <- sf::st_crs(st_read(fn_pp_snap))$epsg
-  crs_fd <- sf::st_crs(raster(fn_flowdir))$epsg
+  
+  crs_fd <- sf::st_crs(rast(fn_flowdir))$epsg
+  
   if (crs_pp != crs_fd) {
     stop("Error: pour points and flow direction grid have different crs")
   }
+  
   wbt_watershed(d8_pntr = fn_flowdir, pour_pts = fn_pp_snap, 
                           output = fn_catchment_ras)
+  
   wbt_raster_to_vector_polygons(fn_catchment_ras, fn_catchment_vec)
-  catchment_vec <- st_read(fn_catchment_vec) %>% st_as_sf()
+  
+  catchment_vec <- st_read(fn_catchment_vec) |> 
+    st_as_sf()
+  
   if (is.na(st_crs(catchment_vec))) {
     sf::st_crs(catchment_vec) <- st_crs(raster(fn_catchment_ras))
     write_sf(catchment_vec, fn_catchment_vec)
   }
+  
   if (return_vector) {
     return(st_read(fn_catchment_vec))
   } else {
diff --git a/R/ch_wbt_catchment_onestep.R b/R/ch_wbt_catchment_onestep.R
index 35ebb92..3959972 100644
--- a/R/ch_wbt_catchment_onestep.R
+++ b/R/ch_wbt_catchment_onestep.R
@@ -24,10 +24,9 @@
 #' @param ... Extra parameters for \code{ch_wbt_removesinks}.
 #' @author Dan Moore and Kevin Shook
 #' @seealso \code{\link{ch_wbt_filenames}}
-#' @importFrom raster raster
+#' @importFrom terra rast
 #' @importFrom whitebox wbt_extract_streams wbt_raster_streams_to_vector wbt_snap_pour_points wbt_watershed wbt_raster_to_vector_polygons
 #' @importFrom sf st_crs write_sf st_write
-#' @importFrom magrittr %>%
 #' @return Returns an \pkg{sp} object of the delineated catchment.
 #' @export
 #'
@@ -35,16 +34,17 @@
 #' # Only proceed if Whitebox executable is installed
 #' library(whitebox)
 #' if (check_whitebox_binary()){
-#'   library(raster)
+#'   library(terra)
 #'   test_raster <- ch_volcano_raster()
 #'   dem_raster_file <- tempfile(fileext = c(".tif"))
 #'   # write test raster to file
-#'   writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file, format = "GTiff")
+#'   terra::writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file)
 #'   wd <- tempdir()
 #'   pourpoint_file <- tempfile("volcano_pourpoints", fileext = ".shp")
 #'   pourpoints <- ch_volcano_pourpoints(pourpoint_file)
 #'   catchment <- ch_wbt_catchment_onestep(wd = wd, in_dem = dem_raster_file, 
-#'   pp_sf = pourpoints, sink_method = "fill", threshold = 1, snap_dist = 10)
+#'                                         pp_sf = pourpoints, sink_method = "fill", 
+#'                                         threshold = 1, snap_dist = 10)
 #' } else {
 #'   message("Examples not run as Whitebox executable not found")
 #' }
@@ -82,23 +82,35 @@ ch_wbt_catchment_onestep <- function(wd, in_dem, pp_sf,
                                fn_dem_fsc = file_names$dem_fsc, ...)
 
   if (inherits(dem_ns, "character")) return(NULL)
+  
   ch_wbt_flow_accumulation(fn_dem_ns = file_names$dem_ns, fn_flowacc = file_names$flowacc,
                            return_raster = FALSE)
+  
   ch_wbt_flow_direction(fn_dem_ns = file_names$dem_ns, fn_flowdir = file_names$flowdir,
                         return_raster = FALSE)
+  
   wbt_extract_streams(file_names$flowacc, file_names$channel_ras, threshold = threshold)
+  
   wbt_raster_streams_to_vector(file_names$channel_ras, file_names$flowdir, file_names$channel_vec)
+  
   sf::st_write(pp_sf, file_names$pp, quiet = TRUE, delete_layer = TRUE)
+  
   wbt_snap_pour_points(file_names$pp, file_names$flowacc, file_names$pp_snap, snap_dist)
+  
   wbt_watershed(file_names$flowdir, file_names$pp_snap, file_names$catchment_ras)
+  
   wbt_raster_to_vector_polygons(file_names$catchment_ras, file_names$catchment_vec)
-  catchment_vec <- st_read(file_names$catchment_vec) %>% st_as_sf()
+  
+  catchment_vec <- st_read(file_names$catchment_vec) |>
+    st_as_sf()
+  
   if (is.na(sf::st_crs(catchment_vec))) {
     sf::st_crs(catchment_vec) <- sf::st_crs(raster(file_names$catchment_ras))
     sf::write_sf(catchment_vec, file_names$catchment_vec)
   }
   
-  channel_vec <- st_read(file_names$channel_vec) %>% st_as_sf()
+  channel_vec <- st_read(file_names$channel_vec) |> st_as_sf()
+  
   if (is.na(sf::st_crs(channel_vec))) {
     sf::st_crs(channel_vec) <- sf::st_crs(catchment_vec)
     sf::write_sf(channel_vec, file_names$catchment_vec)
@@ -111,5 +123,6 @@ ch_wbt_catchment_onestep <- function(wd, in_dem, pp_sf,
                       plot_na = plot_na, plot_scale = plot_scale,
                       na_location = na_location, scale_location = scale_location)
   }
+  
   return(catchment_vec)
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/R/ch_wbt_channels.R b/R/ch_wbt_channels.R
index f3e71cd..01ccc3b 100644
--- a/R/ch_wbt_channels.R
+++ b/R/ch_wbt_channels.R
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #' @param threshold Threshold for channel initiation.
 #' @param ... Other parameters for \pkg{whitebox} function \code{wbt_extract_streams}
 #' @author Dan Moore
-#' @importFrom raster raster
+#' @importFrom terra rast
 #' @importFrom whitebox wbt_extract_streams wbt_raster_streams_to_vector
 #' @importFrom sf st_crs write_sf
 #' @importFrom stats step
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@
 #' # Only proceed if Whitebox executable is installed
 #' library(whitebox)
 #' if (check_whitebox_binary()){
-#'   library(raster)
+#'   library(terra)
 #'   test_raster <- ch_volcano_raster()
 #'   dem_raster_file <- tempfile(fileext = c(".tif"))
 #'   no_sink_raster_file <- tempfile("no_sinks", fileext = c(".tif"))
 #' 
 #'   # write test raster to file
-#'   writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file, format = "GTiff")
+#'   terra::writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file)
 #' 
 #'   # remove sinks
 #'   removed_sinks <- ch_wbt_removesinks(dem_raster_file, no_sink_raster_file, method = "fill")
@@ -48,7 +48,9 @@
 ch_wbt_channels <- function(fn_flowacc, fn_flowdir,
                             fn_channel_ras, fn_channel_vec, 
                             threshold = NULL, ...) {
+  
   ch_wbt_check_whitebox()
+  
   if (!file.exists(fn_flowacc)) {
     stop("Error: input flow accumulation file does not exist")
   }
@@ -56,17 +58,24 @@ ch_wbt_channels <- function(fn_flowacc, fn_flowdir,
   if (!file.exists(fn_flowdir)) {
     stop("Error: input flow direction file does not exist")
   }
+  
   if (is.null(threshold)) {
     step("Error: threshold for channel initiation not specified")
   }
   
   message("ch_wbt: Generating stream network")
+  
   wbt_extract_streams(fn_flowacc, fn_channel_ras, threshold = threshold, ...)
+  
   wbt_raster_streams_to_vector(fn_channel_ras, fn_flowdir, fn_channel_vec)
+  
   channel_vec <- st_read(fn_channel_vec)
+  
   if(is.na(st_crs(channel_vec))) {
-    sf::st_crs(channel_vec) <- st_crs(raster(fn_channel_ras))
+    sf::st_crs(channel_vec) <- st_crs(rast(fn_channel_ras))
     write_sf(channel_vec, fn_channel_vec)
   } 
+  
   return(channel_vec)
-}
+
+  }
diff --git a/R/ch_wbt_flow_accumulation.R b/R/ch_wbt_flow_accumulation.R
index aa5c3e2..a3b70d4 100644
--- a/R/ch_wbt_flow_accumulation.R
+++ b/R/ch_wbt_flow_accumulation.R
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
 #' @param fn_dem_ns File name of dem with sinks removed.
 #' @param fn_flowacc File name for flow accumulation grid to be created.
 #' @param return_raster If \code{TRUE} (the default), the flow accumulation
-#' grid will be returned as a raster object, in addition to being written to
+#' grid will be returned as a SpatRaster object, in addition to being written to
 #' \option{fn_flowacc}. If \code{FALSE}, the output file will still be created
 #' but a \code{NULL} value is returned.
 #'
 #' @author Dan Moore
-#' @importFrom raster raster
+#' @importFrom terra rast
 #' @importFrom whitebox wbt_d8_flow_accumulation
 #' @return If \code{return_raster = TRUE}, the flow accumulation
 #' grid will be returned as a raster object, otherwise \code{NULL} is returned.
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@
 #' # Only proceed if Whitebox executable is installed
 #' library(whitebox)
 #' if (check_whitebox_binary()){
-#'   library(raster)
+#'   library(terra)
 #'   test_raster <- ch_volcano_raster()
 #'   dem_raster_file <- tempfile(fileext = c(".tif"))
 #'   no_sink_raster_file <- tempfile("no_sinks", fileext = c(".tif"))
 #' 
 #'   # write test raster to file
-#'   writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file, format = "GTiff")
+#'   terra::writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file)
 #' 
 #'   # remove sinks
 #'   removed_sinks <- ch_wbt_removesinks(dem_raster_file, no_sink_raster_file, method = "fill")
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ ch_wbt_flow_accumulation <- function(fn_dem_ns, fn_flowacc, return_raster = TRUE
   wbt_d8_flow_accumulation(fn_dem_ns, fn_flowacc)
   
   if (return_raster) {
-    return(raster(fn_flowacc))
+    return(rast(fn_flowacc))
   } else {
     return(NULL)
   }
diff --git a/R/ch_wbt_flow_direction.R b/R/ch_wbt_flow_direction.R
index b729207..f080335 100644
--- a/R/ch_wbt_flow_direction.R
+++ b/R/ch_wbt_flow_direction.R
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #' @param return_raster Should a raster object be returned?
 #'
 #' @author Dan Moore
-#' @importFrom raster raster
+#' @importFrom terra rast
 #' @importFrom whitebox wbt_d8_pointer
 #' @return If \code{return_raster = TRUE} (the default), the flow direction
 #' grid will be returned as a raster object, in addition to being written to
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@
 #' # Only proceed if Whitebox executable is installed
 #' library(whitebox)
 #' if (check_whitebox_binary()){
-#'   library(raster)
+#'   library(terra)
 #'   test_raster <- ch_volcano_raster()
 #'   dem_raster_file <- tempfile(fileext = c(".tif"))
 #'   no_sink_raster_file <- tempfile("no_sinks", fileext = c(".tif"))
 #' 
 #'   # write test raster to file
-#'   writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file, format = "GTiff")
+#'   terra::writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file)
 #' 
 #'   # remove sinks
 #'   removed_sinks <- ch_wbt_removesinks(dem_raster_file, no_sink_raster_file, method = "fill")
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ ch_wbt_flow_direction <- function(fn_dem_ns, fn_flowdir, return_raster = TRUE) {
   
   wbt_d8_pointer(fn_dem_ns, fn_flowdir)
   if (return_raster) {
-    return(raster(fn_flowdir))
+    return(rast(fn_flowdir))
   } else {
     return(NULL)
   }
diff --git a/R/ch_wbt_pourpoints.R b/R/ch_wbt_pourpoints.R
index 3b6ac1e..0aa8779 100644
--- a/R/ch_wbt_pourpoints.R
+++ b/R/ch_wbt_pourpoints.R
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #'
 #' @author Dan Moore
 #' @seealso \code{\link{ch_volcano_pourpoints}}
-#' @importFrom raster raster
+#' @importFrom terra rast
 #' @importFrom whitebox wbt_snap_pour_points
 #' @importFrom sf st_crs st_write
 #' @return Returns a \pkg{sf} object of the specified pour points snapped to the
@@ -26,13 +26,13 @@
 #' # Only proceed if Whitebox executable is installed
 #' library(whitebox)
 #' if (check_whitebox_binary()){
-#'   library(raster)
+#'   library(terra)
 #'   test_raster <- ch_volcano_raster()
 #'   dem_raster_file <- tempfile(fileext = c(".tif"))
 #'   no_sink_raster_file <- tempfile("no_sinks", fileext = c(".tif"))
 #' 
 #'   # write test raster to file
-#'   writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file, format = "GTiff")
+#'   terra::writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file)
 #' 
 #'   # remove sinks
 #'   removed_sinks <- ch_wbt_removesinks(dem_raster_file, no_sink_raster_file, method = "fill")
@@ -52,25 +52,34 @@
 #' }
 ch_wbt_pourpoints <- function(pp_sf = NULL, fn_flowacc, fn_pp, fn_pp_snap, 
                               check_crs = TRUE, snap_dist = NULL, ...) {
+  
   ch_wbt_check_whitebox()
+  
   if (!file.exists(fn_flowacc)) {
     stop("Error: flow accumulation file does not exist")
   }
+  
   if (missing(pp_sf)) {
     stop("Error: value for pp_sf missing")
   }
+  
   if (is.null(snap_dist)) {
     stop("Error: value for snap_dist missing")
   }
+  
   if (check_crs) {
     pp_crs <- st_crs(pp_sf)$epsg
-    fa_crs <- st_crs(raster(fn_flowacc))$epsg
+    fa_crs <- st_crs(rast(fn_flowacc))$epsg
     if (pp_crs != fa_crs) {
       stop("Error: pour points and flow accumulation grid have different crs")
     }
   }
+  
   message("ch_wbt: Snapping pour points to stream network")
+  
   st_write(pp_sf, fn_pp, quiet = TRUE, delete_layer = TRUE)
+  
   wbt_snap_pour_points(fn_pp, fn_flowacc, fn_pp_snap, snap_dist, ...)
+  
   return(st_read(fn_pp_snap))
 }
diff --git a/R/ch_wbt_removesinks.R b/R/ch_wbt_removesinks.R
index f90127c..16b8de7 100644
--- a/R/ch_wbt_removesinks.R
+++ b/R/ch_wbt_removesinks.R
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 #' @param ... Additional arguments to be passed to functions to remove sinks.
 #'
 #' @author Dan Moore
-#' @importFrom raster raster
+#' @importFrom terra rast
 #' @importFrom whitebox wbt_init wbt_fill_single_cell_pits wbt_breach_depressions_least_cost 
 #' @importFrom whitebox wbt_fill_depressions_wang_and_liu
 #' @importFrom whitebox wbt_breach_depressions wbt_fill_depressions wbt_fill_depressions_planchon_and_darboux
@@ -23,13 +23,13 @@
 #' # Only proceed if Whitebox executable is installed
 #' library(whitebox)
 #' if (check_whitebox_binary()){
-#'   library(raster)
+#'   library(terra)
 #'   test_raster <- ch_volcano_raster()
 #'   dem_raster_file <- tempfile(fileext = c(".tif"))
 #'   no_sink_raster_file <- tempfile("no_sinks", fileext = c(".tif"))
 #' 
 #'   # write test raster to file
-#'   writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file, format = "GTiff")
+#'   terra::writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file, format = "GTiff")
 #' 
 #'   # remove sinks
 #'   removed_sinks <- ch_wbt_removesinks(dem_raster_file, no_sink_raster_file, method = "fill")
@@ -40,27 +40,44 @@ ch_wbt_removesinks <- function(in_dem, out_dem, method = "breach_leastcost",
                                dist = NULL, fn_dem_fsc = NULL, ...) {
   
   ch_wbt_check_whitebox()
+  
+  
   exe_location <- wbt_init()
+  
   if (!file.exists(in_dem)) {
     stop("Error: input dem file does not exist")
   }
+  
   if (method == "breach_leastcost") {
     if (is.null(dist)) {
       stop("Error: no value for dist, which is required for wbt_breach_depressions_least_cost")
     }
-    wbt_fill_single_cell_pits(in_dem, fn_dem_fsc)
-    wbt_breach_depressions_least_cost(fn_dem_fsc, out_dem, dist, ...)
-  } else if (method == "breach") {
-    wbt_fill_single_cell_pits(in_dem, fn_dem_fsc)
-    wbt_breach_depressions(fn_dem_fsc, out_dem, ...)
-  } else if (method == "fill") {
-    wbt_fill_depressions(in_dem, out_dem, ...)
-  } else if (method == "fill_pd") {
-    wbt_fill_depressions_planchon_and_darboux(in_dem, out_dem, ...)
-  } else if (method == "fill_wl") {
-    wbt_fill_depressions_wang_and_liu(in_dem, out_dem, ...)
-  } else {
-    stop("Error: incorrect method for sink removal specified")
-  }
-  return(raster(out_dem))
+  
+      wbt_fill_single_cell_pits(in_dem, fn_dem_fsc)
+      wbt_breach_depressions_least_cost(fn_dem_fsc, out_dem, dist, ...)
+
+        } else if (method == "breach") {
+    
+          wbt_fill_single_cell_pits(in_dem, fn_dem_fsc)
+    
+          wbt_breach_depressions(fn_dem_fsc, out_dem, ...)
+  
+          } else if (method == "fill") {
+    
+            wbt_fill_depressions(in_dem, out_dem, ...)
+  
+            } else if (method == "fill_pd") {
+    
+              wbt_fill_depressions_planchon_and_darboux(in_dem, out_dem, ...)
+  
+              } else if (method == "fill_wl") {
+    
+                wbt_fill_depressions_wang_and_liu(in_dem, out_dem, ...)
+  
+                } else {
+    
+                  stop("Error: incorrect method for sink removal specified")
+  
+                  }
+  return(rast(out_dem))
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/man/ch_catchment_hyps.Rd b/man/ch_catchment_hyps.Rd
index 333744f..4b40c1b 100644
--- a/man/ch_catchment_hyps.Rd
+++ b/man/ch_catchment_hyps.Rd
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ ch_catchment_hyps(
 \arguments{
 \item{catchment}{A \pkg{sf} object containing the catchment divide.}
 
-\item{dem}{A \pkg{raster} object of the Digital Elevation Model.}
+\item{dem}{A \pkg{terra} SpatRaster object of the Digital Elevation Model.}
 
 \item{z_levels}{Vector of elevation levels for the hypsometry. If specified, 
 then no other elevation parameters are required. Default is \code{NULL}.}
@@ -75,8 +75,6 @@ curve may also be created.
 \examples{
 \donttest{
 # Note: example not tested automatically as it is very slow to execute due to the downloading
-library(raster)
-library(magrittr)
 # change the following line to specify a directory to hold the data
 dir_name <- tempdir(check = FALSE)
 # create directory to store data sets
@@ -95,11 +93,11 @@ cb_url <- "https://zenodo.org/record/4781469/files/gs_catchments.GeoJSON"
 cb <- ch_get_url_data(cb_url, cb_fn)
 
 # quick check plot - all catchments
-raster::plot(dem_upc)
+terra::plot(dem_upc)
 plot(cb, add = TRUE, col = NA)
 
 # subset 240 catchment
-cb_240 <- cb \%>\% dplyr::filter(wsc_name == "240")
+cb_240 <- cb |> dplyr::filter(wsc_name == "240")
 plot(cb_240, col = NA)
 
 ## test function 
diff --git a/man/ch_checkcatchment.Rd b/man/ch_checkcatchment.Rd
index f10c2c5..72404e4 100644
--- a/man/ch_checkcatchment.Rd
+++ b/man/ch_checkcatchment.Rd
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ ch_checkcatchment(
 )
 }
 \arguments{
-\item{dem}{raster DEM that catchments were generated from.}
+\item{dem}{terra SpatRaster DEM that catchments were generated from.}
 
 \item{catchment}{Catchment polygon (sf object).}
 
@@ -71,17 +71,17 @@ including the coordinates of the outlet point and the catchment area.
 # Only proceed if Whitebox executable is installed
 library(whitebox)
 if (check_whitebox_binary()){
-  library(raster)
+  library(terra)
   test_raster <- ch_volcano_raster()
   dem_raster_file <- tempfile(fileext = ".tif")
   no_sink_raster_file <- tempfile("no_sinks", fileext = ".tif")
 
   # write test raster to file
-  writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file, format = "GTiff")
+  terra::writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file)
 
   # remove sinks
   removed_sinks <- ch_wbt_removesinks(dem_raster_file, no_sink_raster_file, 
-  method = "fill")
+                                      method = "fill")
 
   # get flow accumulations
   flow_acc_file <- tempfile("flow_acc", fileext = ".tif")
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ if (check_whitebox_binary()){
   pourpoints <- ch_volcano_pourpoints(pourpoint_file)
   snapped_pourpoint_file <- tempfile("snapped_pourpoints", fileext = ".shp")
   snapped_pourpoints <- ch_wbt_pourpoints(pourpoints, flow_acc_file, pourpoint_file,
-  snapped_pourpoint_file, snap_dist = 10)
+                                          snapped_pourpoint_file, snap_dist = 10)
 
 # get flow directions
   flow_dir_file <- tempfile("flow_dir", fileext = ".tif")
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ if (check_whitebox_binary()){
   fn_catchment_ras <- tempfile("catchment", fileext = ".tif")
   fn_catchment_vec <- tempfile("catchment", fileext = ".shp")
   catchments <- ch_wbt_catchment(snapped_pourpoint_file, flow_dir_file, 
-  fn_catchment_ras, fn_catchment_vec)
+                                 fn_catchment_ras, fn_catchment_vec)
 
 # check results
   ch_checkcatchment(test_raster, catchments, snapped_pourpoints)
diff --git a/man/ch_checkchannels.Rd b/man/ch_checkchannels.Rd
index 4fc1429..a5a5bb8 100644
--- a/man/ch_checkchannels.Rd
+++ b/man/ch_checkchannels.Rd
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ ch_checkchannels(
 )
 }
 \arguments{
-\item{dem}{raster DEM that catchments were generated from}
+\item{dem}{terra SpatRaster DEM that catchments were generated from}
 
 \item{channels}{channel polyline (or channels list from \code{ch_wbt_channels}) (sf object)}
 
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@ Generates a simple map of the drainage network plotted over the contours to allo
 # Only proceed if Whitebox executable is installed
 library(whitebox)
 if (check_whitebox_binary()){
-  library(raster)
+  library(terra)
   test_raster <- ch_volcano_raster()
   dem_raster_file <- tempfile(fileext = c(".tif"))
   no_sink_raster_file <- tempfile("no_sinks", fileext = c(".tif"))
 
   # write test raster to file
-  writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file, format = "GTiff")
+  terra::writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file)
 
   # remove sinks
   removed_sinks <- ch_wbt_removesinks(dem_raster_file, no_sink_raster_file, method = "fill")
@@ -63,14 +63,14 @@ if (check_whitebox_binary()){
   channel_raster_file <- tempfile("channels", fileext = c(".tif"))
   channel_vector_file <- tempfile("channels", fileext = c(".shp"))
   channels <- ch_wbt_channels(flow_acc_file, flow_dir_file, channel_raster_file,
-  channel_vector_file, 1)
+                              channel_vector_file, 1)
 
   # get pour points
   pourpoint_file <- tempfile("volcano_pourpoints", fileext = ".shp")
   pourpoints <- ch_volcano_pourpoints(pourpoint_file)
   snapped_pourpoint_file <- tempfile("snapped_pourpoints", fileext = ".shp")
   snapped_pourpoints <- ch_wbt_pourpoints(pourpoints, flow_acc_file, pourpoint_file,
-  snapped_pourpoint_file, snap_dist = 10)
+                                          snapped_pourpoint_file, snap_dist = 10)
   ch_checkchannels(test_raster, channels, snapped_pourpoints)
 } else {
   message("Examples not run as Whitebox executable not found")
diff --git a/man/ch_get_url_data.Rd b/man/ch_get_url_data.Rd
index 2cb4600..9da3def 100644
--- a/man/ch_get_url_data.Rd
+++ b/man/ch_get_url_data.Rd
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ saves them locally, then accesses them locally after the first time the script i
 # Tested using files in the Upper Penticton Creek
 # zenodo repository https://zenodo.org/record/4781469
 library(ggplot2)
-library(raster)
+library(terra)
 
 # create directory to store data sets
 dir_name <- tempdir(check = FALSE)
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ head(sm_data)
 ra_fn <- file.path(dir_name, "gs_dem25.tif")
 ra_url <- "https://zenodo.org/record/4781469/files/gs_dem25.tif"
 ra_data <- ch_get_url_data(ra_url, ra_fn)
-plot(ra_data)
+terra::plot(ra_data)
 
 # test with GeoJSON
 gs_fn <- file.path(dir_name, "gs_soilmaps.GeoJSON")
diff --git a/man/ch_volcano_raster.Rd b/man/ch_volcano_raster.Rd
index 31be2ad..7f26b67 100644
--- a/man/ch_volcano_raster.Rd
+++ b/man/ch_volcano_raster.Rd
@@ -2,15 +2,15 @@
 % Please edit documentation in R/ch_volcano_raster.R
 \name{ch_volcano_raster}
 \alias{ch_volcano_raster}
-\title{Create Test Raster}
+\title{Create Test SpatRaster}
 \usage{
 ch_volcano_raster()
 }
 \value{
-Returns a raster object of land surface elevations.
+Returns a SpatRaster object of land surface elevations.
 }
 \description{
-Creates a \pkg{raster} object of land surface elevations, as
+Creates a \pkg{terra} object of land surface elevations, as
 used to test/demonstrate many functions requiring a digital elevation model 
 (DEM).
 }
diff --git a/man/ch_wbt_catchment.Rd b/man/ch_wbt_catchment.Rd
index 1d8d5ac..92e38a5 100644
--- a/man/ch_wbt_catchment.Rd
+++ b/man/ch_wbt_catchment.Rd
@@ -34,13 +34,13 @@ Delineate catchment boundaries
 # Only proceed if Whitebox executable is installed
 library(whitebox)
 if (check_whitebox_binary()){
-  library(raster)
+  library(terra)
   test_raster <- ch_volcano_raster()
   dem_raster_file <- tempfile(fileext = ".tif")
   no_sink_raster_file <- tempfile("no_sinks", fileext = ".tif")
 
   # write test raster to file
-  writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file, format = "GTiff")
+  terra::writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file)
 
   # remove sinks
   removed_sinks <- ch_wbt_removesinks(dem_raster_file, no_sink_raster_file, method = "fill")
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ if (check_whitebox_binary()){
   pourpoints <- ch_volcano_pourpoints(pourpoint_file)
   snapped_pourpoint_file <- tempfile("snapped_pourpoints", fileext = ".shp")
   snapped_pourpoints <- ch_wbt_pourpoints(pourpoints, flow_acc_file, pourpoint_file,
-  snapped_pourpoint_file, snap_dist = 10)
+                                          snapped_pourpoint_file, snap_dist = 10)
 
   # get flow directions
   flow_dir_file <- tempfile("flow_dir", fileext = ".tif")
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ if (check_whitebox_binary()){
   fn_catchment_ras <- tempfile("catchment", fileext = ".tif")
   fn_catchment_vec <- tempfile("catchment", fileext = ".shp")
   catchments <- ch_wbt_catchment(snapped_pourpoint_file, flow_dir_file, 
-  fn_catchment_ras, fn_catchment_vec)
+                                 fn_catchment_ras, fn_catchment_vec)
 } else {
   message("Examples not run as Whitebox executable not found")
 }
diff --git a/man/ch_wbt_catchment_onestep.Rd b/man/ch_wbt_catchment_onestep.Rd
index f2f2392..ddc626d 100644
--- a/man/ch_wbt_catchment_onestep.Rd
+++ b/man/ch_wbt_catchment_onestep.Rd
@@ -72,16 +72,17 @@ are taken from the list created by the function \code{ch_wbt_filenames}.
 # Only proceed if Whitebox executable is installed
 library(whitebox)
 if (check_whitebox_binary()){
-  library(raster)
+  library(terra)
   test_raster <- ch_volcano_raster()
   dem_raster_file <- tempfile(fileext = c(".tif"))
   # write test raster to file
-  writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file, format = "GTiff")
+  terra::writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file)
   wd <- tempdir()
   pourpoint_file <- tempfile("volcano_pourpoints", fileext = ".shp")
   pourpoints <- ch_volcano_pourpoints(pourpoint_file)
   catchment <- ch_wbt_catchment_onestep(wd = wd, in_dem = dem_raster_file, 
-  pp_sf = pourpoints, sink_method = "fill", threshold = 1, snap_dist = 10)
+                                        pp_sf = pourpoints, sink_method = "fill", 
+                                        threshold = 1, snap_dist = 10)
 } else {
   message("Examples not run as Whitebox executable not found")
 }
diff --git a/man/ch_wbt_channels.Rd b/man/ch_wbt_channels.Rd
index aed16d6..997508c 100644
--- a/man/ch_wbt_channels.Rd
+++ b/man/ch_wbt_channels.Rd
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ Generate stream network
 # Only proceed if Whitebox executable is installed
 library(whitebox)
 if (check_whitebox_binary()){
-  library(raster)
+  library(terra)
   test_raster <- ch_volcano_raster()
   dem_raster_file <- tempfile(fileext = c(".tif"))
   no_sink_raster_file <- tempfile("no_sinks", fileext = c(".tif"))
 
   # write test raster to file
-  writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file, format = "GTiff")
+  terra::writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file)
 
   # remove sinks
   removed_sinks <- ch_wbt_removesinks(dem_raster_file, no_sink_raster_file, method = "fill")
diff --git a/man/ch_wbt_flow_accumulation.Rd b/man/ch_wbt_flow_accumulation.Rd
index 257caaf..492ee18 100644
--- a/man/ch_wbt_flow_accumulation.Rd
+++ b/man/ch_wbt_flow_accumulation.Rd
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ ch_wbt_flow_accumulation(fn_dem_ns, fn_flowacc, return_raster = TRUE)
 \item{fn_flowacc}{File name for flow accumulation grid to be created.}
 
 \item{return_raster}{If \code{TRUE} (the default), the flow accumulation
-grid will be returned as a raster object, in addition to being written to
+grid will be returned as a SpatRaster object, in addition to being written to
 \option{fn_flowacc}. If \code{FALSE}, the output file will still be created
 but a \code{NULL} value is returned.}
 }
@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ Creates flow accumulation grid file
 # Only proceed if Whitebox executable is installed
 library(whitebox)
 if (check_whitebox_binary()){
-  library(raster)
+  library(terra)
   test_raster <- ch_volcano_raster()
   dem_raster_file <- tempfile(fileext = c(".tif"))
   no_sink_raster_file <- tempfile("no_sinks", fileext = c(".tif"))
 
   # write test raster to file
-  writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file, format = "GTiff")
+  terra::writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file)
 
   # remove sinks
   removed_sinks <- ch_wbt_removesinks(dem_raster_file, no_sink_raster_file, method = "fill")
diff --git a/man/ch_wbt_flow_direction.Rd b/man/ch_wbt_flow_direction.Rd
index f86efac..13a0ee1 100644
--- a/man/ch_wbt_flow_direction.Rd
+++ b/man/ch_wbt_flow_direction.Rd
@@ -26,13 +26,13 @@ Creates flow direction grid file
 # Only proceed if Whitebox executable is installed
 library(whitebox)
 if (check_whitebox_binary()){
-  library(raster)
+  library(terra)
   test_raster <- ch_volcano_raster()
   dem_raster_file <- tempfile(fileext = c(".tif"))
   no_sink_raster_file <- tempfile("no_sinks", fileext = c(".tif"))
 
   # write test raster to file
-  writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file, format = "GTiff")
+  terra::writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file)
 
   # remove sinks
   removed_sinks <- ch_wbt_removesinks(dem_raster_file, no_sink_raster_file, method = "fill")
diff --git a/man/ch_wbt_pourpoints.Rd b/man/ch_wbt_pourpoints.Rd
index 3cc5fac..c7f5043 100644
--- a/man/ch_wbt_pourpoints.Rd
+++ b/man/ch_wbt_pourpoints.Rd
@@ -45,13 +45,13 @@ channels.
 # Only proceed if Whitebox executable is installed
 library(whitebox)
 if (check_whitebox_binary()){
-  library(raster)
+  library(terra)
   test_raster <- ch_volcano_raster()
   dem_raster_file <- tempfile(fileext = c(".tif"))
   no_sink_raster_file <- tempfile("no_sinks", fileext = c(".tif"))
 
   # write test raster to file
-  writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file, format = "GTiff")
+  terra::writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file)
 
   # remove sinks
   removed_sinks <- ch_wbt_removesinks(dem_raster_file, no_sink_raster_file, method = "fill")
diff --git a/man/ch_wbt_removesinks.Rd b/man/ch_wbt_removesinks.Rd
index ff1a544..5516b57 100644
--- a/man/ch_wbt_removesinks.Rd
+++ b/man/ch_wbt_removesinks.Rd
@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ types supported are listed in \code{\link{Spatial_hydrology_functions}}.
 # Only proceed if Whitebox executable is installed
 library(whitebox)
 if (check_whitebox_binary()){
-  library(raster)
+  library(terra)
   test_raster <- ch_volcano_raster()
   dem_raster_file <- tempfile(fileext = c(".tif"))
   no_sink_raster_file <- tempfile("no_sinks", fileext = c(".tif"))
 
   # write test raster to file
-  writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file, format = "GTiff")
+  terra::writeRaster(test_raster, dem_raster_file, format = "GTiff")
 
   # remove sinks
   removed_sinks <- ch_wbt_removesinks(dem_raster_file, no_sink_raster_file, method = "fill")