SSD Endurance

Estimated SSD wear out, endurance table

working model can be found here https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mNUYRWeJUaijEZXupwP5k6IuATZGj1FB/view?usp=sharing

overview of SSD endurance testing from JEDEC industry standard here https://www.jedec.org/sites/default/files/Alvin_Cox%20%5BCompatibility%20Mode%5D_0.pdf

Vendor	Model	Form Factor	Interface	Class	$ASP	$/GB	User Capacity (GB):	usable GiB in OS	Raw Capacity (GiB)	Raw Capacity (GB)	Overprovisioning / Spare area	NAND P/E Cycles	Write Amplification Factor (WAF)	rated life in years	estimated NAND endurance (TBW, WAF=1)	Calculated Endurance (TBW)	Spec sheet rated TBW	DWPD over 5 years (calculated)		GiB/min	Num concurrent k=32	User write bandwidth (MB/s)	SSD NAND write bandwidth (MB/s)	days to wear out (drive full, worst case)	years to wear out (drive full, worst case)	days to wear out (WAF=1)	years to wear out (WAF=1)	total amount plotted before wear out worse case (TiB)	total amount plotted before wear out best case (TiB)	$/TiB plotted worst case (high WAF)	$/TiB plotted best case (WAF=1)
Intel	P3700	U.2 & AIC	NVMe	enterprise mixed use	$250.00	$0.16	1600	1455.5	2400	2577	37.9%	25000	1.5	5	64425	42950	43800	14.71		0.2	4	286	429	1736	4.76	2604	7.13	1953	2930	$0.13	$0.09
Intel	P3600	U.2 & AIC	NVMe	enterprise mixed use	$140.00	$0.09	1600	1455.5	2000	2147	25.5%	10000	2.5	5	21475	8590	8760	2.94		0.2	4	286	716	347	0.95	868	2.38	391	977	$0.36	$0.14
Intel	P4600	U.2 & AIC	NVMe	enterprise mixed use	$352.00	$0.11	3200	2910.9	5000	5369	40.4%	10000	1.8	5	53687	29826	18200	5.11		0.2	8	573	1031	603	1.65	1085	2.97	1356	2441	$0.26	$0.14
Intel	P3600	U.2 & AIC	NVMe	enterprise mixed use	$115.00	$0.10	1200	1091.6	1500	1611	25.5%	10000	2.5	5	16106	6442	6570	2.94		0.2	3	215	537	347	0.95	868	2.38	293	732	$0.39	$0.16
Intel	P4600	U.2 & AIC	NVMe	enterprise mixed use	$176.00	$0.11	1600	1455.5	2500	2684	40.4%	6000	1.8	5	16106	8948	8990	3.06		0.2	4	286	515	362	0.99	651	1.78	407	732	$0.43	$0.24
Intel	P4600	U.2 & AIC	NVMe	enterprise mixed use	$220.00	$0.11	2000	1819.3	3125	3355	40.4%	6000	1.8	5	20133	11185	11080	3.06		0.2	5	358	644	362	0.99	651	1.78	509	916	$0.43	$0.24
Intel	P3700	U.2 & AIC	NVMe	enterprise mixed use	$120.00	$0.30	400	363.9	510	548	27.0%	20000	1.5	5	10952	7301	7300	10.00		0.2	1	72	107	1181	3.23	1771	4.85	332	498	$0.36	$0.24
Micron	5300 Max	SATA 2.5in	SATA	enterprise SATA	$307.20	$0.16	1920	1746.6	2600	2792	31.2%	10000	2.28	5	27917	12244	17520	3.49		0.15	5	268	612	528	1.45	1204	3.30	557	1270	$0.55	$0.24
Micron	5300 Max	SATA 2.5in	SATA	enterprise SATA	$614.40	$0.16	3840	3493.1	5200	5583	31.2%	10000	2.28	5	55835	24489	24528	3.49		0.15	10	537	1224	528	1.45	1204	3.30	1114	2539	$0.55	$0.24
Intel	S4610	SATA 2.5in	SATA	enterprise mixed use	$144.00	$0.15	960	873.3	1200	1288	25.5%	10000	2.2	5	12885	5857	5800	3.34		0.15	2	107	236	631	1.73	1389	3.81	266	586	$0.54	$0.25
Micron	5300 Pro	SATA 2.5in	SATA	enterprise SATA	$249.60	$0.13	1920	1746.6	2048	2199	12.7%	10000	5	5	21990	4398	5256	1.26		0.15	5	268	1342	190	0.52	948	2.60	200	1000	$1.25	$0.25
Micron	5300 Pro	SATA 2.5in	SATA	enterprise SATA	$499.20	$0.13	3840	3493.1	4096	4398	12.7%	10000	5	5	43980	8796	8410	1.26		0.15	10	537	2684	190	0.52	948	2.60	400	2000	$1.25	$0.25
Samsung	PM1725b	U.2 & AIC	NVMe	enterprise mixed use	$267.00	$0.17	1600	1455.5	2048	2199	27.2%	10000	2.5	5	21990	8796	8760	3.01		0.2	4	286	716	356	0.97	889	2.44	400	1000	$0.67	$0.27
Intel	P4610	U.2	NVMe	enterprise mixed use	$300.00	$0.19	1600	1455.5	2112	2268	29.4%	10000	2.4	5	22677	9449	10613	3.24		0.2	4	286	687	382	1.05	917	2.51	430	1031	$0.70	$0.29
DRAM	DDR3	DIM	DDR3	memory	$768.00	$1.50	512	465.8	512	550	6.9%	100000	1	5	54976	54976		58.84		0.2	1	72	72	8889	24.35	8889	24.35	2500	2500	$0.31	$0.31
Intel	S3710	SATA 2.5in	SATA	enterprise mixed use	$68.00	$0.17	400	363.9	700	752	46.8%	6000	1.5	5	4510	3006	8300	4.12		0.15	1	54	81	648	1.78	972	2.66	137	205	$0.50	$0.33
Toshiba	PX04SVQ	2.5in SAS	SAS 12Gbps	enterprise SAS	$380.00	$0.24	1600	1455.5	2200	2362	32%	10000	2.7	5	23622	8749	8760	3.00		0.2	4	286	773	354	0.97	955	2.62	398	1074	$0.96	$0.35
Inland	Inland Premium 1TB SSD	M.2	NVMe	client mainstream	$125.00	$0.12	1024	931.5	1024	1100	7%	7000	4.81	5	7697	1600	1600	0.86		0.2	2	143	689	129	0.35	622	1.70	73	350	$1.72	$0.36
Micron	9300	U.2	NVMe	data center	$768.00	$0.20	3840	3493.1	4096	4398	13%	10000	5.5	5	43980	7996	8400	1.14		0.2	10	716	3937	129	0.35	711	1.95	364	2000	$2.11	$0.38
Samsung	PM983	U.2 and M.2	NVMe	data center	$172.80	$0.18	960	873.3	1045	1122	14.4%	7000	5.6	5	7854	1403	1366.56	0.80		0.2	2	143	802	113	0.31	635	1.74	64	357	$2.71	$0.48
Intel	S4600	SATA 2.5in	SATA	enterprise mixed use	$96.00	$0.20	480	436.6	768	825	41.8%	5000	1.8	5	4123	2291	2950	2.61		0.15	1	54	97	494	1.35	889	2.44	104	188	$0.92	$0.51
DRAM	DDR4	DIM	DDR4	memory	$1,536.00	$3.00	512	465.8	512	550	6.9%	100000	1	5	54976	54976		58.84		0.2	1	72	72	8889	24.35	8889	24.35	2500	2500	$0.61	$0.61
Intel	P4510	U.2	NVMe	data center	$400.00	$0.20	2000	1819.3	2112	2268	11.8%	5000	4.5	5	11339	2520	2054	0.69		0.2	5	358	1611	81	0.22	367	1.00	115	516	$3.49	$0.78
WD	SN750	M.2	NVMe	client mainstream	$60.00	$0.12	500	454.8	512	550	9%	3000	5.5	5	1649	300	300	0.33		0.2	1	72	394	48	0.13	267	0.73	14	75	$4.40	$0.80
WD	SN750	M.2	NVMe	client mainstream	$120.00	$0.12	1000	909.7	1024	1100	9%	3000	5.5	5	3299	600	600	0.33		0.2	2	143	787	48	0.13	267	0.73	27	150	$4.40	$0.80
Seagate	Nitro 1551	SATA 2.5in	SATA	data center SATA	$255.00	$0.27	960	873.3	1250	1342	28%	5000	3	5	6711	2237	2390	1.28		0.15	2	107	322	241	0.66	723	1.98	102	305	$2.51	$0.84
Samsung	970 Evo	M.2	NVMe	client maintream	$163.84	$0.16	1024	931.5	1024	1100	6.9%	3000	5	5	3299	660	600	0.35		0.2	2	143	716	53	0.15	267	0.73	30	150	$5.46	$1.09
Intel	P4800X	U.2 & AIC	NVMe	enterprise	$2,062.50	$2.75	750	682.3	750	805	7%	50000	1	5	40265	40265	41000	29.42		0.2	2	143	143	3255	8.92	3255	8.92	1831	1831	$1.13	$1.13
Samsung	970 Pro	M.2	NVMe	client high end	$307.20	$0.30	1024	931.5	1024	1100	6.9%	5000	5	5	5498	1100	1200	0.59		0.2	2	143	716	89	0.24	444	1.22	50	250	$6.14	$1.23
Intel	905p	U.2 and M.2	NVMe	clinet high end	$1,152.00	$1.20	960	873.3	960	1031	7%	20000	1	5	20616	20616	17520	11.77		0.2	2	143	143	1667	4.57	1667	4.57	938	938	$1.23	$1.23
Intel	665p	M.2	NVMe	client mainstream	$102.40	$0.10	1024	931.5	1024	1100	6.9%	1500	5	5	1649	330	300	0.18		0.2	2	143	716	27	0.07	133	0.37	15	75	$6.83	$1.37
Intel	P4800X	U.2 & AIC	NVMe	enterprise	$2,062.50	$5.50	375	341.1	375	403	7%	50000	1	5	20133	20133	41000	29.42		0.2	1	72	72	3255	8.92	3255	8.92	916	916	$2.25	$2.25
Intel	660p	M.2	NVMe	client mainstream	$122.88	$0.12	1024	931.5	1024	1100	6.9%	1000	5	5	1100	220	200	0.12		0.2	2	143	716	18	0.05	89	0.24	10	50	$12.29	$2.46

estimated GiB per minute based off class of drives for drives that have yet to be tested, for the drives in the wiki I have added the measured numbers.

Math

• NAND P/E Cycles = amount of program / erase cycles NAND can do before wearing out. NAND programs (writes) in pages and erases in blocks (contains many pages)
• Wearing out - SSD no longer meeting UBER (uncorrectable bit error rate), retention (keeping data safe while powered off), failure rate, or user capacity
• UBER = number of data errors / number of bits read
• WAF (Write Amplification Factor) = NAND writes / host writes
• TBW or PBW – amount of host writes to SSD before wearing out
• TBW = drive capacity * cycles / WAF
• DWPD (drive writes per day): amount of data you can write to device each day of the warranty (typically 5 years) without wearing out
• DWPD = TBW/365/5/drive capacity

Monitor Endurance in Linux

NVMe

https://github.com/linux-nvme/nvme-cli

https://nvmexpress.org/open-source-nvme-management-utility-nvme-command-line-interface-nvme-cli/

Reading endurance with NVMe-CLI - this is the gas gauge that shows total endurance used

sudo nvme smart-log /dev/nvme0 | grep percentage_used

Reading amount of writes that the drive have actually done

sudo nvme smart-log /dev/nvme0 | grep data_units_written

Bytes written = output * 1000 * 512B

TBW = output * 1000 * 512B / (1000^4) or (1024^4)

To find out NAND writes, you will have use the vendor plugins for NVMe-CLI.

sudo nvme <vendor name> help

Example with an Intel SSD

sudo nvme intel smart-log-add /dev/nvme0

SATA

In SATA you can use the following commands

sudo apt install smartmontools

sudo smartctl -x /dev/sda | grep Logical

sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda

looking for Media_Wearout_Indicator

note this does also work for NVMe for basic SMART health info

sudo smartctl -a /dev/nvme0

SAS

sg_logs /dev/sg1 --page=0x11

look for

Percentage used endurance indicator: 0%

Adding new models

Please add your model string below if you want me to put it into my calculator and add to the list!