SSD Endurance

Estimated SSD wear out, endurance table

working model can be found here https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mNUYRWeJUaijEZXupwP5k6IuATZGj1FB/view?usp=sharing

overview of SSD endurance testing from JEDEC industry standard here https://www.jedec.org/sites/default/files/Alvin_Cox%20%5BCompatibility%20Mode%5D_0.pdf

Vendor	Model	Form Factor	$ASP	User Capacity (GB):	estimated NAND endurance (TBW, WAF=1)	Spec sheet rated TBW		GiB/min	Num concurrent k=32	User write bandwidth (MB/s)	days to wear out (drive full, worst case)	days to wear out (WAF=1)	total amount plotted before wear out best case (TiB)	$/TiB plotted best case (WAF=1)
Samsung	PM1725b	U.2 & AIC	$267	1600	21990	8760		0.1	4	137	743	1856	261	$1.02
Intel	P4610	U.2	$300	1600	22677	10613		0.1	4	137	798	1914	269	$1.11
DRAM	DDR3	DIM	$768.00	512	54976			0.1	1	44	14503	14503	2039	$0.38
Toshiba	PX04SVQ	2.5in SAS	$380.00	1600	23622	8760		0.1	4	137	739	1994	280	$1.36
Inland	Inland Premium 1TB SSD	M.2	$125.00	1024	7697	1600		0.1	2	88	211	1015	143	$0.88
Micron	9300	U.2	$768	3840	43980	8400		0.1	9	329	281	1547	218	$3.53
Samsung	PM983	U.2 and M.2	$173	960	7854	1366.56		0.1	2	82	197	1105	155	$1.11
DRAM	DDR4	DIM	$1,536.00	512	54976			0.1	1	44	14503	14503	2039	$0.75
Intel	P4510	U.2	$400	2000	11339	2054		0.1	5	171	170	766	108	$3.71
WD	SN750	M.2	$60.00	500	1649	300		0.1	1	43	81	446	63	$0.96
WD	SN750	M.2	$120.00	1000	3299	600		0.1	2	86	81	446	63	$1.92
Seagate	Nitro 1551	2.5in SATA	255	960	6711	2390		0.1	2	82	315	944	133	$1.92
Samsung	970 Evo	M.2	$164	1024	3299	600		0.1	2	88	87	435	61	$2.68
Intel	P4800X	U.2 & AIC	$2,063	750	40265	41000		0.1	2	64	7251	7251	1020	$2.02
Samsung	970 Pro	M.2	$307	1024	5498	1200		0.1	2	88	145	725	102	$3.01
Intel	905p	U.2 and M.2	$1,152	960	20616	17520		0.1	2	82	2901	2901	408	$2.82
Intel	665p	M.2	$102	1024	1649	300		0.1	2	88	44	218	31	$3.35
Intel	P4800X	U.2 & AIC	$2,063	375	20133	41000		0.1	1	32	7251	7251	1020	$2.02
Intel	660p	M.2	$123	1024	1100	200		0.1	2	88	29	145	20	$6.03

estimated GiB per minute based off class of drives for drives that have yet to be tested, for the drives in the wiki I have added the measured numbers.

Math

• NAND P/E Cycles = amount of program / erase cycles NAND can do before wearing out. NAND programs (writes) in pages and erases in blocks (contains many pages)
• Wearing out - SSD no longer meeting UBER (uncorrectable bit error rate), retention (keeping data safe while powered off), failure rate, or user capacity
• UBER = number of data errors / number of bits read
• WAF (Write Amplification Factor) = NAND writes / host writes
• TBW or PBW – amount of host writes to SSD before wearing out
• TBW = drive capacity * cycles / WAF
• DWPD (drive writes per day): amount of data you can write to device each day of the warranty (typically 5 years) without wearing out
• DWPD = TBW/365/5/drive capacity

Monitor Endurance in Linux

NVMe

https://github.com/linux-nvme/nvme-cli

https://nvmexpress.org/open-source-nvme-management-utility-nvme-command-line-interface-nvme-cli/

Reading endurance with NVMe-CLI - this is the gas gauge that shows total endurance used

sudo nvme smart-log /dev/nvme0 | grep percentage_used

Reading amount of writes that the drive have actually done

sudo nvme smart-log /dev/nvme0 | grep data_units_written

Bytes written = output * 1000 * 512B

TBW = output * 1000 * 512B / (1000^4) or (1024^4)

To find out NAND writes, you will have use the vendor plugins for NVMe-CLI.

sudo nvme <vendor name> help

Example with an Intel SSD

sudo nvme intel smart-log-add /dev/nvme0

SATA

In SATA you can use the following commands

sudo apt install smartmontools

sudo smartctl -x /dev/sda | grep Logical

sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda

looking for Media_Wearout_Indicator

note this does also work for NVMe for basic SMART health info

sudo smartctl -a /dev/nvme0

SAS

sg_logs /dev/sg1 --page=0x11

look for

Percentage used endurance indicator: 0%

Adding new models

Please add your model string below if you want me to put it into my calculator and add to the list!