SSD Endurance

Estimated SSD wear out, endurance table

working model can be found here https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mNUYRWeJUaijEZXupwP5k6IuATZGj1FB/view?usp=sharing

overview of SSD endurance testing from JEDEC industry standard here https://www.jedec.org/sites/default/files/Alvin_Cox%20%5BCompatibility%20Mode%5D_0.pdf

Vendor	Model	Form Factor	$ASP	User Capacity (GB):	usable GiB in OS	Spec sheet rated TBW	Num concurrent k=32	days to wear out (drive full, worst case)	years to wear out (drive full, worst case)	days to wear out (WAF=1)	years to wear out (WAF=1)	total amount plotted before wear out worse case (TiB)	total amount plotted before wear out best case (TiB)	$/TiB plotted worst case (high WAF)	$/TiB plotted best case (WAF=1)
Micron	5301 Max	SATA 2.5in	$614	3840	3493.1	24528	11	748	2.05	1706	4.67	1114	2539	$0.55	$0.24
Micron	5300 Max	SATA 2.5in	$307	1920	1746.6	17520	5	748	2.05	1706	4.67	557	1270	$0.55	$0.24
Micron	5301 Pro	SATA 2.5in	$499	3840	3493.1	8410	11	269	0.74	1344	3.68	400	2000	$1.25	$0.25
Micron	5300 Pro	SATA 2.5in	$250	1920	1746.6	5256	5	269	0.74	1344	3.68	200	1000	$1.25	$0.25
Samsung	PM1725b	U.2 & AIC	$267	1600	1455.5	8760	4	645	1.77	1612	4.42	400	1000	$0.67	$0.27
Intel	P4610	U.2	$300	1600	1455.5	10613	4	693	1.90	1663	4.56	430	1031	$0.70	$0.29
DRAM	DDR3	DIM	$768.00	512	465.8		1	12596	34.51	12596	34.51	2500	2500	$0.31	$0.31
Toshiba	PX04SVQ	2.5in SAS	$380.00	1600	1455.5	8760	4	641	1.76	1732	4.75	398	1074	$0.96	$0.35
Inland	Inland Premium 1TB SSD	M.2	$125.00	1024	931.5	1600	3	183	0.50	882	2.42	73	350	$1.72	$0.36
Micron	9300	U.2	$768	3840	3493.1	8400	11	244	0.67	1344	3.68	364	2000	$2.11	$0.38
Samsung	PM983	U.2 and M.2	$173	960	873.3	1366.56	3	171	0.47	960	2.63	64	357	$2.71	$0.48
DRAM	DDR4	DIM	$1,536.00	512	465.8		1	12596	34.51	12596	34.51	2500	2500	$0.61	$0.61
Intel	P4510	U.2	$400	2000	1819.3	2054	6	148	0.40	665	1.82	115	516	$3.49	$0.78
WD	SN750	M.2	$120.00	1000	909.7	600	3	70	0.19	387	1.06	27	150	$4.40	$0.80
WD	SN750	M.2	$60.00	500	454.8	300	1	70	0.19	387	1.06	14	75	$4.40	$0.80
Seagate	Nitro 1551	SATA 2.5in	255	960	873.3	2390	3	273	0.75	820	2.25	102	305	$2.51	$0.84
Samsung	970 Evo	M.2	$164	1024	931.5	600	3	76	0.21	378	1.04	30	150	$5.46	$1.09
Intel	P4800X	U.2 & AIC	$2,063	750	682.3	41000	2	6298	17.25	6298	17.25	1831	1831	$1.13	$1.13
Intel	905p	U.2 and M.2	$1,152	960	873.3	17520	3	2519	6.90	2519	6.90	938	938	$1.23	$1.23
Samsung	970 Pro	M.2	$307	1024	931.5	1200	3	126	0.35	630	1.73	50	250	$6.14	$1.23
Intel	665p	M.2	$102	1024	931.5	300	3	38	0.10	189	0.52	15	75	$6.83	$1.37
Intel	P4800X	U.2 & AIC	$2,063	375	341.1	41000	1	6298	17.25	6298	17.25	916	916	$2.25	$2.25
Intel	660p	M.2	$123	1024	931.5	200	3	25	0.07	126	0.35	10	50	$12.29	$2.46

estimated GiB per minute based off class of drives for drives that have yet to be tested, for the drives in the wiki I have added the measured numbers.

Math

• NAND P/E Cycles = amount of program / erase cycles NAND can do before wearing out. NAND programs (writes) in pages and erases in blocks (contains many pages)
• Wearing out - SSD no longer meeting UBER (uncorrectable bit error rate), retention (keeping data safe while powered off), failure rate, or user capacity
• UBER = number of data errors / number of bits read
• WAF (Write Amplification Factor) = NAND writes / host writes
• TBW or PBW – amount of host writes to SSD before wearing out
• TBW = drive capacity * cycles / WAF
• DWPD (drive writes per day): amount of data you can write to device each day of the warranty (typically 5 years) without wearing out
• DWPD = TBW/365/5/drive capacity

Monitor Endurance in Linux

NVMe

https://github.com/linux-nvme/nvme-cli

https://nvmexpress.org/open-source-nvme-management-utility-nvme-command-line-interface-nvme-cli/

Reading endurance with NVMe-CLI - this is the gas gauge that shows total endurance used

sudo nvme smart-log /dev/nvme0 | grep percentage_used

Reading amount of writes that the drive have actually done

sudo nvme smart-log /dev/nvme0 | grep data_units_written

Bytes written = output * 1000 * 512B

TBW = output * 1000 * 512B / (1000^4) or (1024^4)

To find out NAND writes, you will have use the vendor plugins for NVMe-CLI.

sudo nvme <vendor name> help

Example with an Intel SSD

sudo nvme intel smart-log-add /dev/nvme0

SATA

In SATA you can use the following commands

sudo apt install smartmontools

sudo smartctl -x /dev/sda | grep Logical

sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda

looking for Media_Wearout_Indicator

note this does also work for NVMe for basic SMART health info

sudo smartctl -a /dev/nvme0

SAS

sg_logs /dev/sg1 --page=0x11

look for

Percentage used endurance indicator: 0%

Adding new models

Please add your model string below if you want me to put it into my calculator and add to the list!