diff --git a/server-database/IMPLEMENTATION.md b/server-database/IMPLEMENTATION.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000..9ba197f0d --- /dev/null +++ b/server-database/IMPLEMENTATION.md @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +# Server and database + +In this project, you'll build another server. This one will have a simple API that serves data in JSON form. You'll then convert the backend to read from a Postgres database, serving data for the API. You'll then turn off the database and learn how to handle errors correctly. + +Timebox: 6 days + +Learning objectives: + +- Build a simple API server that talks JSON +- Understand how a server and a database work together +- Use SQL to read data from a database +- Accept data over a POST request and write it to the database + +## Project + +See the `main` branch for the instructions. diff --git a/server-database/README.md b/server-database/README.md deleted file mode 100644 index 25cd9ce91..000000000 --- a/server-database/README.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -# API, file-server and database - -In this project, you'll build another server with simple API that serves data from JSON files, then convert the backend read from a Postgres database, serving data for the API. You'll then turn off the database and learn how to handle errors correctly. - -Timebox: 6 days - -Learning objectives: - -- Build a simple API server that talks JSON -- Understand how a server and a database work together -- Use SQL to read data from a database -- Accept data over a POST request and write it to the database diff --git a/server-database/go.mod b/server-database/go.mod new file mode 100644 index 000000000..0212ea279 --- /dev/null +++ b/server-database/go.mod @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +module server-database + +go 1.18 + +require ( + github.com/jackc/chunkreader/v2 v2.0.1 // indirect + github.com/jackc/pgconn v1.13.0 // indirect + github.com/jackc/pgio v1.0.0 // indirect + github.com/jackc/pgpassfile v1.0.0 // indirect + github.com/jackc/pgproto3/v2 v2.3.1 // indirect + github.com/jackc/pgservicefile v0.0.0-20200714003250-2b9c44734f2b // indirect + github.com/jackc/pgtype v1.12.0 // indirect + github.com/jackc/pgx/v4 v4.17.0 // indirect + golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220722155217-630584e8d5aa // indirect + golang.org/x/text v0.3.7 // indirect +) diff --git a/server-database/go.sum b/server-database/go.sum new file mode 100644 index 000000000..066093dc3 --- /dev/null +++ b/server-database/go.sum @@ -0,0 +1,175 @@ +github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU= +github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.1.1/go.mod h1:VPu/7SZ7ePZ3QOrcuXROw5FAcLl4a0cBrbBpGY/8hQs= +github.com/cockroachdb/apd v1.1.0/go.mod h1:8Sl8LxpKi29FqWXR16WEFZRNSz3SoPzUzeMeY4+DwBQ= +github.com/coreos/go-systemd v0.0.0-20190321100706-95778dfbb74e/go.mod h1:F5haX7vjVVG0kc13fIWeqUViNPyEJxv/OmvnBo0Yme4= +github.com/coreos/go-systemd v0.0.0-20190719114852-fd7a80b32e1f/go.mod h1:F5haX7vjVVG0kc13fIWeqUViNPyEJxv/OmvnBo0Yme4= +github.com/creack/pty v1.1.7/go.mod h1:lj5s0c3V2DBrqTV7llrYr5NG6My20zk30Fl46Y7DoTY= +github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38= +github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod 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+ "io" + "log" + "net/http" + "os" + "strconv" + "strings" + + "github.com/jackc/pgx/v4" +) + +type Image struct { + Title string `json:"title"` + AltText string `json:"alt_text"` + URL string `json:"url"` +} + +func (img Image) String() string { + return fmt.Sprintf("%s (%s): %s", img.Title, img.AltText, img.URL) +} + +func fetchImages(conn *pgx.Conn) ([]Image, error) { + // Send a query to the database, returning raw rows + rows, err := conn.Query(context.Background(), "SELECT title, url, alt_text FROM public.images") + // Handle query errors + if err != nil { + return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to query database: [%w]", err) + } + + // Create slice to contain the images + var images []Image + // Iterate through each row to extract the data + for rows.Next() { + var title, url, altText string + // Extract the data, passing pointers so the data can be updated in place + err = rows.Scan(&title, &url, &altText) + if err != nil { + return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to read from database: %w", err) + } + // Append this as a new Image to the images slice + images = append(images, Image{Title: title, URL: url, AltText: altText}) + } + + return images, nil +} + +func addImage(conn *pgx.Conn, r *http.Request) (*Image, error) { + // Read the request body into a bytes slice + body, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body) + if err != nil { + return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not read request body: [%w]", err) + } + + // Parse the body JSON into an image struct + var image Image + err = json.Unmarshal(body, &image) + if err != nil { + return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not parse request body: [%w]", err) + } + + // Insert it into the database + _, err = conn.Exec(context.Background(), "INSERT INTO public.images(title, url, alt_text) VALUES ($1, $2, $3)", image.Title, image.URL, image.AltText) + if err != nil { + return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not insert image: [%w]", err) + } + + return &image, nil +} + +// The special type interface{} allows us to take _any_ value, not just one of a specific type. +// This means we can re-use this function for both a single image _and_ a slice of multiple images. +func marshalWithIndent(data interface{}, indent string) ([]byte, error) { + // Convert images to a byte-array for writing back in a response + var b []byte + var marshalErr error + // Allow up to 10 characters of indent + if i, err := strconv.Atoi(indent); err == nil && i > 0 && i <= 10 { + b, marshalErr = json.MarshalIndent(data, "", strings.Repeat(" ", i)) + } else { + b, marshalErr = json.Marshal(data) + } + if marshalErr != nil { + return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not marshal data: [%w]", marshalErr) + } + return b, nil +} + +func main() { + // Check that DATABASE_URL is set + if os.Getenv("DATABASE_URL") == "" { + fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "DATABASE_URL not set\n") + os.Exit(1) + } + + // Connect to the database + conn, err := pgx.Connect(context.Background(), os.Getenv("DATABASE_URL")) + // Handle a possible connection error + if err != nil { + fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "unable to connect to database: %v\n", err) + os.Exit(1) + } + // Defer closing the connection to when main function exits + defer conn.Close(context.Background()) + + // Create the handler function that serves the images JSON + http.HandleFunc("/images.json", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { + // Grab the indent query param early + indent := r.URL.Query().Get("indent") + + var response []byte + var responseErr error + if r.Method == "POST" { + // Add new image to the database + image, err := addImage(conn, r) + if err != nil { + fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err.Error()) + // We don't expose our internal errors (i.e. the contents of err) directly to the user for a few reasons: + // 1. It may leak private information (e.g. a database connection string, which may even include a password!), which may be a security risk. + // 2. It probably isn't useful to them to know. + // 3. It may contain confusing terminology which may be embarrassing or confusing to expose. + http.Error(w, "Something went wrong", http.StatusInternalServerError) + return + } + + response, responseErr = marshalWithIndent(image, indent) + } else { + // Fetch images from the database + images, err := fetchImages(conn) + if err != nil { + fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err.Error()) + http.Error(w, "Something went wrong", http.StatusInternalServerError) + return + } + + response, responseErr = marshalWithIndent(images, indent) + } + + if responseErr != nil { + fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err.Error()) + http.Error(w, "Something went wrong", http.StatusInternalServerError) + return + } + // Indicate that what follows will be JSON + w.Header().Add("Content-Type", "text/json") + // Send it back! + w.Write(response) + }) + log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)) +} diff --git a/server-database/readme-assets/create-database.png b/server-database/readme-assets/create-database.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..97c5eedcf Binary files /dev/null and b/server-database/readme-assets/create-database.png differ diff --git a/server-database/readme-assets/create-table.png b/server-database/readme-assets/create-table.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d227eaed8 Binary files /dev/null and b/server-database/readme-assets/create-table.png differ diff --git a/server-database/readme-assets/insert-script.png b/server-database/readme-assets/insert-script.png new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a83bc55a8 Binary files /dev/null and b/server-database/readme-assets/insert-script.png differ