added recursion entry (#7974)

* added recursion entry

* minor content fixes

* added backlink

---------

Author: ark334

content/javascript/concepts/recursion/recursion.md

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+---
+Title: 'Recursion'
+Description: 'Recursion is a technique where a function calls itself to solve smaller instances of the same problem.'
+Subjects:
+  - 'Computer Science'
+  - 'Web Development'
+Tags:
+  - 'Functions'
+  - 'Loops'
+  - 'Recursion'
+CatalogContent:
+  - 'introduction-to-javascript'
+  - 'paths/front-end-engineer-career-path'
+---
+
+**Recursion** is a technique where a [function](https://www.codecademy.com/resources/docs/javascript/functions) calls itself to solve smaller instances of the same problem until a specific condition called the base case is met. It’s commonly used when a task can be broken down into repeated sub-tasks.
+
+A recursive function must always have two parts:
+
+- **Base case:** Defines when the recursion should stop to prevent infinite calls.
+- **Recursive call:** The function calls itself to continue solving the smaller problem until the base case is reached.
+
+If the base case is missing, the function will keep calling itself indefinitely, causing a stack overflow error.
+
+## Syntax
+
+```pseudo
+function recursiveFunction() {
+  // Code block to execute
+  recursiveFunction(); // Recursive call
+}
+```
+
+## Example
+
+In this example, the function prints numbers from 1 to 10 by calling itself until a condition is met:
+
+```js
+let count = 0;
+
+function countToTen() {
+  if (count < 10) {
+    count = count + 1;
+    console.log(count);
+    countToTen(); // Recursive call
+  }
+}
+
+countToTen();
+```
+
+The output would be:
+
+```shell
+1
+2
+3
+4
+5
+6
+7
+8
+9
+10
+```
+
+Here’s what happens step by step:
+
+- A variable `count` is initialized outside the function.
+- The function checks if `count` is less than 10.
+- If true, it increments `count`, prints it, and calls itself again.
+- When `count` reaches 10, the base case condition fails, and recursion stops.
+
+This process is similar to how loops work, but recursion uses function calls instead of loop structures.
+
+## Codebyte Example
+
+In this example, the function repeatedly calls itself to print numbers from 1 to 10, stopping once the base case condition (`count < 10`) is no longer true:
+
+```codebyte/javascript
+let count = 0;
+
+function countToTen() {
+  if (count < 10) {
+    count++;
+    console.log(count);
+    countToTen();
+  }
+}
+
+countToTen();
+```