build(deps): bump sphinx from 7.4.7 to 8.0.2 in /docs (bazel-contrib#2137)

Bumps [sphinx](https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx) from 7.4.7 to
8.0.2.
<details>
<summary>Release notes</summary>
<p><em>Sourced from <a
href="https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/releases">sphinx's
releases</a>.</em></p>
<blockquote>
<h2>Sphinx 8.0.2</h2>
<p>Changelog: <a
href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/changes.html">https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/changes.html</a></p>
<h2>Sphinx 8.0.1</h2>
<p>Changelog: <a
href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/changes.html">https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/changes.html</a></p>
<h2>Sphinx 8.0.0</h2>
<p>Changelog: <a
href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/changes.html">https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/changes.html</a></p>
<h2>Dependencies</h2>
<ul>
<li><a
href="https://redirect.github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/12633">#12633</a>:
Drop Python 3.9 support.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Incompatible changes</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Remove deprecated functions from <code>sphinx.util</code>:</p>
<ul>
<li>Removed <code>sphinx.util.path_stabilize</code>
(use <code>sphinx.util.osutil.path_stabilize</code>).</li>
<li>Removed <code>sphinx.util.display_chunk</code>
(use <code>sphinx.util.display.display_chunk</code>).</li>
<li>Removed <code>sphinx.util.status_iterator</code>
(use <code>sphinx.util.display.status_iterator</code>).</li>
<li>Removed <code>sphinx.util.SkipProgressMessage</code>
(use <code>sphinx.util.display.SkipProgressMessage</code>).</li>
<li>Removed <code>sphinx.util.progress_message</code>
(use <code>sphinx.util.display.progress_message</code>).</li>
<li>Removed <code>sphinx.util.epoch_to_rfc1123</code>
(use <code>sphinx.http_date.epoch_to_rfc1123</code>).</li>
<li>Removed <code>sphinx.util.rfc1123_to_epoch</code>
(use <code>sphinx.http_date.rfc1123_to_epoch</code>).</li>
<li>Removed <code>sphinx.util.save_traceback</code>
(use <code>sphinx.exceptions.save_traceback</code>).</li>
<li>Removed <code>sphinx.util.format_exception_cut_frames</code>
(use <code>sphinx.exceptions.format_exception_cut_frames</code>).</li>
<li>Removed <code>sphinx.util.xmlname_checker</code>
(use <code>sphinx.builders.epub3._XML_NAME_PATTERN</code>).</li>
</ul>
<p>Patch by Adam Turner.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Removed <code>sphinx.util.osutil.cd</code>
(use <code>contextlib.chdir</code>).
Patch by Adam Turner.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Removed <code>sphinx.util.typing.stringify</code>
(use <code>sphinx.util.typing.stringify_annotation</code>).
Patch by Adam Turner.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a
href="https://redirect.github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/12593">#12593</a>:
Raise an error for invalid <code>html_sidebars</code> values.
Patch by Adam Turner.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a
href="https://redirect.github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/12593">#12593</a>:
Raise an error in <code>Theme.get_config</code> for invalid
sections.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<!-- raw HTML omitted -->
</blockquote>
<p>... (truncated)</p>
</details>
<details>
<summary>Changelog</summary>
<p><em>Sourced from <a
href="https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/blob/v8.0.2/CHANGES.rst">sphinx's
changelog</a>.</em></p>
<blockquote>
<h1>Release 8.0.2 (released Jul 30, 2024)</h1>
<h2>Bugs fixed</h2>
<ul>
<li>Fix the <code>pygments.Formatter.__class_getitem__</code> patch.
Patch by Adam Turner.</li>
</ul>
<h1>Release 8.0.1 (released Jul 30, 2024)</h1>
<h2>Bugs fixed</h2>
<ul>
<li>Patch <code>pygments.Formatter.__class_getitem__</code> in Pygments
2.17.
Patch by Adam Turner.</li>
</ul>
<h1>Release 8.0.0 (released Jul 29, 2024)</h1>
<h2>Dependencies</h2>
<ul>
<li><a
href="https://redirect.github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/12633">#12633</a>:
Drop Python 3.9 support.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Incompatible changes</h2>
<p>.. rst-class:: compact</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Remove deprecated functions from <code>sphinx.util</code>:</p>
<ul>
<li>Removed <code>sphinx.util.path_stabilize</code>
(use <code>sphinx.util.osutil.path_stabilize</code>).</li>
<li>Removed <code>sphinx.util.display_chunk</code>
(use <code>sphinx.util.display.display_chunk</code>).</li>
<li>Removed <code>sphinx.util.status_iterator</code>
(use <code>sphinx.util.display.status_iterator</code>).</li>
<li>Removed <code>sphinx.util.SkipProgressMessage</code>
(use <code>sphinx.util.display.SkipProgressMessage</code>).</li>
<li>Removed <code>sphinx.util.progress_message</code>
(use <code>sphinx.util.display.progress_message</code>).</li>
<li>Removed <code>sphinx.util.epoch_to_rfc1123</code>
(use <code>sphinx.http_date.epoch_to_rfc1123</code>).</li>
<li>Removed <code>sphinx.util.rfc1123_to_epoch</code>
(use <code>sphinx.http_date.rfc1123_to_epoch</code>).</li>
<li>Removed <code>sphinx.util.save_traceback</code>
(use <code>sphinx.exceptions.save_traceback</code>).</li>
<li>Removed <code>sphinx.util.format_exception_cut_frames</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<!-- raw HTML omitted -->
</blockquote>
<p>... (truncated)</p>
</details>
<details>
<summary>Commits</summary>
<ul>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/commit/043750e406d8fe03953f5b565b36e05aef6866ec"><code>043750e</code></a>
Bump to 8.0.2 final</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/commit/cee9efc0ab3068e05a853ffb27c82ada869372fe"><code>cee9efc</code></a>
Use <code>classmethod</code> for a class method</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/commit/16fed3576ca76ebdbc5cfe3eada743fb4fff7928"><code>16fed35</code></a>
Bump version</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/commit/d9bda77b79b054dc19aec679b179d8b8eaf6e165"><code>d9bda77</code></a>
Bump to 8.0.1 final</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/commit/006a6a7fcf680bed229dbb58bdda1af06dd68d87"><code>006a6a7</code></a>
Fix Flake8</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/commit/d0915ab25b7214ca6441a6bb93fe1f939d915237"><code>d0915ab</code></a>
Fix mypy</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/commit/865b513cf2c88d3e30450718914aa896d90fd14e"><code>865b513</code></a>
Patch <code>pygments.Formatter.__class_getitem__</code> in Pygments
2.17</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/commit/f1d3c3f465b7239bf0f34de8e5b80e694c1474e2"><code>f1d3c3f</code></a>
Bump version</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/commit/0e8a6383be58ed1528c26a924abb73c0b4672e69"><code>0e8a638</code></a>
Bump to 8.0.0 final</li>
<li><a
href="https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/commit/5750d0e3fe8905fb582a6db95512f28b4c26159e"><code>5750d0e</code></a>
[bot]: Update message catalogues (<a
href="https://redirect.github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/12641">#12641</a>)</li>
<li>Additional commits viewable in <a
href="https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/compare/v7.4.7...v8.0.2">compare
view</a></li>
</ul>
</details>
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docs/requirements.txt

@@ -299,9 +299,9 @@ snowballstemmer==2.2.0 \
     --hash=sha256:09b16deb8547d3412ad7b590689584cd0fe25ec8db3be37788be3810cbf19cb1 \
     --hash=sha256:c8e1716e83cc398ae16824e5572ae04e0d9fc2c6b985fb0f900f5f0c96ecba1a
     # via sphinx
-sphinx==7.4.7 \
-    --hash=sha256:242f92a7ea7e6c5b406fdc2615413890ba9f699114a9c09192d7dfead2ee9cfe \
-    --hash=sha256:c2419e2135d11f1951cd994d6eb18a1835bd8fdd8429f9ca375dc1f3281bd239
+sphinx==8.0.2 \
+    --hash=sha256:0cce1ddcc4fd3532cf1dd283bc7d886758362c5c1de6598696579ce96d8ffa5b \
+    --hash=sha256:56173572ae6c1b9a38911786e206a110c9749116745873feae4f9ce88e59391d
     # via
     #   rules-python-docs (docs/pyproject.toml)
     #   myst-parser