[infra] 커스텀 예외 구성

* infra: 커스텀 예외 구성
- ControllerAdvice 구현
- CustomException 구현
- 에러 코드 구현 및 에러 응답 객체 구현

* style: 어노테이션 정렬

Author: ysw789

src/main/java/dmu/dasom/api/domain/common/exception/CustomControllerAdvice.java

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package dmu.dasom.api.domain.common.exception;
+
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
+import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;
+
+@RestControllerAdvice
+public class CustomControllerAdvice {
+
+    @ExceptionHandler(CustomException.class)
+    public ErrorResponse customException(final CustomException e) {
+        return new ErrorResponse(e.getErrorCode().getCode(), e.getErrorCode().getMessage());
+    }
+
+}

src/main/java/dmu/dasom/api/domain/common/exception/CustomException.java

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+package dmu.dasom.api.domain.common.exception;
+
+import lombok.Getter;
+
+@Getter
+public class CustomException extends RuntimeException {
+
+    private final ErrorCode errorCode;
+
+    public CustomException(final ErrorCode errorCode) {
+        super(errorCode.getMessage());
+        this.errorCode = errorCode;
+    }
+
+}

src/main/java/dmu/dasom/api/domain/common/exception/ErrorCode.java

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+package dmu.dasom.api.domain.common.exception;
+
+import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
+import lombok.Getter;
+
+@AllArgsConstructor
+@Getter
+public enum ErrorCode {
+
+    UNAUTHORIZED(401, "C001", "인증되지 않은 사용자입니다."),
+    FORBIDDEN(403, "C002", "권한이 없습니다."),
+    ;
+
+    private final int status;
+    private final String code;
+    private final String message;
+
+}

src/main/java/dmu/dasom/api/domain/common/exception/ErrorResponse.java

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+package dmu.dasom.api.domain.common.exception;
+
+import lombok.AccessLevel;
+import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
+import lombok.Getter;
+import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
+
+@AllArgsConstructor
+@Getter
+@NoArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PROTECTED)
+public class ErrorResponse {
+
+    private String code;
+    private String message;
+
+}