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paper.tex

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@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ \section{Introduction}
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However, for the lack of a proper term and to avoid many “non-RSE researchers” within the text, we will refer by “researchers” to all non-RSEs involved in research or in research supporting organisations such as in \eg{} libraries, hence those that are at most sporadically performing RSE actions.\\
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\textbf{RSE Hub}:\\
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This is our general term for the central RSE team throughout this paper.
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These RSE Hubs can take the form of, e.g., full RSE units, smaller RSE groups, Open Source Program Office (OSPOs), virtually across multiple units or combined under single leadership,
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These RSE Hubs can take the form of, \eg{} full RSE units, smaller RSE groups, Open Source Program Office (OSPOs), virtually across multiple units or combined under single leadership,
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depending on the evironment of the hosting research organisation.
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All of these implementations are considered, taking into account the large variety of research environments in Germany.
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@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ \section{Motivation for central RSE units}
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\end{quotation}
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The quote above is the shortes possible summary of this chapter: most if not all motivation to provide RSE services stems from improving research.
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Tasks RSEs perform include training, e.g.\ to improve the often low-quality code developed by beginners~\autocite{Ostlund2023}, consultation services, e.g.\ regarding frameworks or algorithm selection, licensing.
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Tasks RSEs perform include training, \eg{} to improve the often low-quality code developed by beginners~\autocite{Ostlund2023}, consultation services, \eg{} regarding frameworks or algorithm selection, licensing.
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For an overview of typical tasks of RSEs and the competencies required, see~\autocite{goth_foundational_competencies_2024}, especially section\ 4.4:\ “RSE tasks and responsibilities”.
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\subsection{Pooling: a necessary ingredient}
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% side-note: it's also similar to “inhouse consulting” in management\autocite{moscho_inhouse_consulting_2010}. They even formed a national network to raise awareness about the internal consultant role (https://inhouse-consulting.de/).
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Subject matter experts like software architects, database administrators and other tooling specialists are organized centrally and share their knowledge by consulting with decentralized projects.
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It makes economically sense to organise such personel as cost-effective as possible since not every project can afford or needs such RSE FTEs.
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Most academic research organisations have established centralized tooling, e.g.\ storage or High-Performance-Computing\ (HPC), but only a few consider software development and consultancy a relevant service yet.
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Most academic research organisations have established centralized tooling, \eg{} storage or High-Performance-Computing\ (HPC), but only a few consider software development and consultancy a relevant service yet.
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RSE units act as knowledge hubs in a network of academic developers within an organisation~\autocite{Elsholz2006}.
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A second and equally important pooling is that of \textbf{diverse knowledge}.
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The latter reported a remarkable increase in software quality, better grant applications, less brain drain and overall employee satisfaction levels~\autocite{schimavoigt2023}.
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%The demand for such services appears to be ever-increasing.
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%Other tasks include code review (REF? Charite), consultation services regarding frameworks or algorithm selection, licensing, and more.
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%RSEs have always embraced and supported collaborative infrastructure and tools, e.g.\ GitLab, Containerisation, etc.\ and thus enabled fellow researchers utilising such infrastructure.
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%RSEs have always embraced and supported collaborative infrastructure and tools, \eg{} GitLab, Containerisation, etc.\ and thus enabled fellow researchers utilising such infrastructure.
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In some national and international organisations, established RSE groups already develop solutions for (and guided by) research projects.
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%This approach assures high quality research software and allows domain scientists to focus on their research challenges.
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%This is likely to save time and accelerate publication of results.
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“One Off” consultations on any research software related aspect that are open to researchers of all career levels are
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a great introduction to the hub's RSE services and are offered by almost all RSE units already established [REF].
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Depending on the demand, these consultations can either be by appointment or in a more structured format where you book an appointment from available dates (e.g.\ University of Sheffield's “Code Clinic”\footnote{At time of publication the appointment form could be access from the front page of the RSE unit’s website: \url{https://rse.shef.ac.uk/}} and Friedrich Schiller University’s Digital Research Clinic\footnote{At the time of publication upcoming clinic’s were advertised on the consulting page of the Competence Center For Digital Research’s website: \url{https://www.zedif.uni-jena.de/en/consulting.html}}).
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Depending on the demand, these consultations can either be by appointment or in a more structured format where you book an appointment from available dates (\eg{} University of Sheffield's “Code Clinic”\footnote{At time of publication the appointment form could be access from the front page of the RSE unit’s website: \url{https://rse.shef.ac.uk/}} and Friedrich Schiller University’s Digital Research Clinic\footnote{At the time of publication upcoming clinic’s were advertised on the consulting page of the Competence Center For Digital Research’s website: \url{https://www.zedif.uni-jena.de/en/consulting.html}}).
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A larger scale format for RSE consultation services could be that a research project regularly (e.g.\ quarterly or monthly) meets with an RSE in order to coordinate the research software efforts done in the research project.
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A larger scale format for RSE consultation services could be that a research project regularly (\eg{} quarterly or monthly) meets with an RSE in order to coordinate the research software efforts done in the research project.
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This format enables valuable feedback cycles between researchers and RSEs and allows RSEs to guide the project
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towards successful software engineering best practices without overloading the researchers with information at a one-off consultation.
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When an RSE unit carries out many of these project consultations, they will gather valuable experiences in transferring RSE knowledge to practitioners.
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sustaining these pieces is of vital importance for the long term success of the institution.
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Relying on a workforce that is subject to academic labor turnover poses a risk of knowledge loss.
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If the development is done in an RSE unit, institutional memory about critical research software infrastructures can be created and the long term availability of these infrastructures can be improved.
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This applies both to domain-specific research software (e.g.\ simulation frameworks widely used throughout the institution)
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This applies both to domain-specific research software (\eg{} simulation frameworks widely used throughout the institution)
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and to domain-agnostic software and data infrastructure (\eg{} Jupyter, workflow management systems, data repository software).
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While all of the above development services can be flexibly performed either at the RSE hub or its spokes, there are advantages of having a hub in the process:
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This holds for existing RSE, or more general IT, infrastructure.
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However, as scientists are working, by definition, at the cutting edge, they will often need or want to use the newest tools.
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When such a need is identified in the course of a consultation, a central RSE unit can set up and provide access to pilot instances to evaluate these tools.
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This evaluation will specifically consider a wider applicability of the tool, with the aim of handing over administration of widely required tools and services to, e.g., the central IT department.
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This evaluation will specifically consider a wider applicability of the tool, with the aim of handing over administration of widely required tools and services to, \eg{}, the central IT department.
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It is crucial that the RSE unit does not compete with the IT department, nor should it duplicate existing infrastructure.
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On the contrary, the RSE unit should act as a multiplier for the RSE-relevant services offered by the IT department, helping RSEs to discover and use existing and upcoming services.
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This also widens the customer base of the RSE unit since the newly founded company may obtain contracts from industry.
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If this company is university backed/branded this enables another possibility for a university to interact with the local society.
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But there are drawbacks.
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Since the company is now a university external entity the Vergabe-Richtlinien have to be fulfilled, which could e.g.\ mean to publicly invite tenders in order to have a competitive procedure.
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Since the company is now a university external entity the Vergabe-Richtlinien have to be fulfilled, which could \eg{} mean to publicly invite tenders in order to have a competitive procedure.
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This also points to the fact that an external company has to be a mostly profitable entity (partly this can be softened by founding a non-for-profit entity).
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Moreover, during the outsourcing contract, there has to be a coordinator at both sides and the flow of information from the academic institution to the contracted company has to be established.
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These are some examples of additional administrative overhead due to the interaction with external partners.

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