“ As a point of comparison, it is at this stage that some languages have their macro layer, though Rust does not. For example, C/C++ macros are effectively processed at this point.2 This is why the following code works:3”
Probably nit-picking a bit here, but C/C++ “macros” are preprocessor directives. The source code is preprocessed doing textual substitutions and the results of that preprocessing are handed to the lever. So, it’s probably more correct to say that it’s before this stage that some languages have their macro layer. Perhaps, by “this stage”, you meant before tokenization, but since you’ve just described tokenization, it sounds like it’s past-tokenization.
Just $.02 of nit-picking... enjoining the book