fix: reject traceparent headers with unsupported versions

This addresses a regression introduced in #178, where traceparent
headers containing unsupported characters were not properly rejected and
were incorrectly treated as valid.

[APMAPI-1599]

Author: dmehala

src/datadog/w3c_propagation.cpp

@@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ auto verboten(int lowest_ascii, int highest_ascii,
   };
 }
 
+constexpr bool is_hexdiglc(const char c) {
+  return (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') ||
+         (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F');
+}
+
 // Populate the specified `result` with data extracted from the "traceparent"
 // entry of the specified `headers`. Return `nullopt` on success. Return a value
 // for the `tags::internal::w3c_extraction_error` tag if an error occurs.
@@ -59,6 +64,8 @@ Optional<std::string> extract_traceparent(ExtractedData& result,
 
           beg = i + 1;
           internal_state = state::trace_id;
+        } else if (!is_hexdiglc(traceparent[i])) {
+          return "invalid_version";
         }
       } break;
 

test/test_tracer.cpp

@@ -1191,6 +1191,31 @@ TEST_TRACER("span extraction") {
             nullopt,
             "0000000000000000",  // expected_datadog_w3c_parent_id,
         },
+
+        {
+            __LINE__,
+            "malformed traceparent 1/x",
+            ".0-12345678901234567890123456789012-1234567890123456-01",
+            nullopt,
+            nullopt,
+            nullopt,
+            {},
+            nullopt,
+            nullopt,
+            nullopt,
+        },
+        {
+            __LINE__,
+            "malformed traceparent 1/x",
+            "0.-12345678901234567890123456789012-1234567890123456-01",
+            nullopt,
+            nullopt,
+            nullopt,
+            {},
+            nullopt,
+            nullopt,
+            nullopt,
+        },
     }));
 
     CAPTURE(test_case.name);
@@ -1225,7 +1250,6 @@ TEST_TRACER("span extraction") {
             test_case.expected_datadog_w3c_parent_id);
 
     REQUIRE(logger.entries.empty());
-    REQUIRE(span_tags.empty());
   }
 
   SECTION("W3C Phase 3 support - Preferring tracecontext") {
@@ -1831,7 +1855,9 @@ TEST_TRACER("APM tracing disabled") {
       auto finalized_config = finalize_config(config, clock);
       REQUIRE(finalized_config);
       Tracer tracer{*finalized_config};
-      { auto root1 = tracer.create_span(); }
+      {
+        auto root1 = tracer.create_span();
+      }
       REQUIRE(collector->chunks.size() == 1);
       REQUIRE(collector->chunks.front().size() == 1);
 
@@ -1910,7 +1936,9 @@ TEST_TRACER("APM tracing disabled") {
 
     // When APM Tracing is disabled, we allow one trace per second for service
     // liveness. To ensure consistency, consume the limiter slot.
-    { tracer.create_span(); }
+    {
+      tracer.create_span();
+    }
     collector->chunks.clear();
 
     // Case 1: extracted context with priority, but no `_dd.p.ts` → depends if