diff --git a/internal-api/src/main/java/datadog/trace/bootstrap/config/provider/ConfigConverter.java b/internal-api/src/main/java/datadog/trace/bootstrap/config/provider/ConfigConverter.java
index b081b704369..742c0853a7b 100644
--- a/internal-api/src/main/java/datadog/trace/bootstrap/config/provider/ConfigConverter.java
+++ b/internal-api/src/main/java/datadog/trace/bootstrap/config/provider/ConfigConverter.java
@@ -21,6 +21,16 @@ final class ConfigConverter {
 
   private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ConfigConverter.class);
 
+  /**
+   * Custom exception for invalid boolean values to maintain backward compatibility. When caught in
+   * ConfigProvider, boolean methods should return false instead of default value.
+   */
+  static class InvalidBooleanValueException extends IllegalArgumentException {
+    public InvalidBooleanValueException(String message) {
+      super(message);
+    }
+  }
+
   private static final ValueOfLookup LOOKUP = new ValueOfLookup();
 
   /**
@@ -39,6 +49,8 @@ static <T> T valueOf(final String value, @Nonnull final Class<T> tClass) {
       return (T) LOOKUP.get(tClass).invoke(value);
     } catch (final NumberFormatException e) {
       throw e;
+    } catch (final IllegalArgumentException e) {
+      throw e;
     } catch (final Throwable e) {
       log.debug("Can't parse: ", e);
       throw new NumberFormatException(e.toString());
@@ -413,8 +425,15 @@ static BitSet parseIntegerRangeSet(@Nonnull String str, final String settingName
   public static Boolean booleanValueOf(String value) {
     if ("1".equals(value)) {
       return Boolean.TRUE;
+    } else if ("0".equals(value)) {
+      return Boolean.FALSE;
+    } else if ("true".equalsIgnoreCase(value)) {
+      return Boolean.TRUE;
+    } else if ("false".equalsIgnoreCase(value)) {
+      return Boolean.FALSE;
     } else {
-      return Boolean.valueOf(value);
+      // Throw custom exception for invalid boolean values to maintain backward compatibility
+      throw new InvalidBooleanValueException("Invalid boolean value: " + value);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/internal-api/src/main/java/datadog/trace/bootstrap/config/provider/ConfigProvider.java b/internal-api/src/main/java/datadog/trace/bootstrap/config/provider/ConfigProvider.java
index 1edeb072c80..2e44d730d54 100644
--- a/internal-api/src/main/java/datadog/trace/bootstrap/config/provider/ConfigProvider.java
+++ b/internal-api/src/main/java/datadog/trace/bootstrap/config/provider/ConfigProvider.java
@@ -193,8 +193,8 @@ public double getDouble(String key, double defaultValue) {
 
   private <T> T get(String key, T defaultValue, Class<T> type, String... aliases) {
     for (ConfigProvider.Source source : sources) {
+      String sourceValue = source.get(key, aliases);
       try {
-        String sourceValue = source.get(key, aliases);
         T value = ConfigConverter.valueOf(sourceValue, type);
         if (value != null) {
           if (collectConfig) {
@@ -202,8 +202,18 @@ private <T> T get(String key, T defaultValue, Class<T> type, String... aliases)
           }
           return value;
         }
-      } catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
-        // continue
+      } catch (ConfigConverter.InvalidBooleanValueException ex) {
+        // For backward compatibility: invalid boolean values should return false, not default
+        // Store the invalid sourceValue for telemetry, but return false for the application
+        if (Boolean.class.equals(type)) {
+          if (collectConfig) {
+            ConfigCollector.get().put(key, sourceValue, source.origin());
+          }
+          return (T) Boolean.FALSE;
+        }
+        // For non-boolean types, continue to next source
+      } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
+        // continue - covers both NumberFormatException and other IllegalArgumentException
       }
     }
     if (collectConfig) {
diff --git a/internal-api/src/test/groovy/datadog/trace/api/ConfigTest.groovy b/internal-api/src/test/groovy/datadog/trace/api/ConfigTest.groovy
index 2905470f5c5..0a7f1a5e7b3 100644
--- a/internal-api/src/test/groovy/datadog/trace/api/ConfigTest.groovy
+++ b/internal-api/src/test/groovy/datadog/trace/api/ConfigTest.groovy
@@ -2042,17 +2042,12 @@ class ConfigTest extends DDSpecification {
     where:
     // spotless:off
     value       | tClass  | expected
-    "42.42"     | Boolean | false
-    "42.42"     | Boolean | false
     "true"      | Boolean | true
     "trUe"      | Boolean | true
-    "trUe"      | Boolean | true
-    "tru"       | Boolean | false
-    "truee"     | Boolean | false
-    "true "     | Boolean | false
-    " true"     | Boolean | false
-    " true "    | Boolean | false
-    "   true  " | Boolean | false
+    "false"     | Boolean | false
+    "False"     | Boolean | false
+    "1"         | Boolean | true
+    "0"         | Boolean | false
     "42.42"     | Float   | 42.42f
     "42.42"     | Double  | 42.42
     "44"        | Integer | 44
@@ -2079,6 +2074,20 @@ class ConfigTest extends DDSpecification {
     // spotless:on
   }
 
+  def "valueOf negative test for invalid boolean values"() {
+    when:
+    ConfigConverter.valueOf(value, Boolean)
+
+    then:
+    def exception = thrown(IllegalArgumentException)
+    exception.message.contains("Invalid boolean value")
+
+    where:
+    // spotless:off
+    value << ["42.42", "tru", "truee", "true ", " true", " true ", "   true  ", "notABool", "invalid", "yes", "no", "42"]
+    // spotless:on
+  }
+
   def "valueOf negative test"() {
     when:
     ConfigConverter.valueOf(value, tClass)
diff --git a/internal-api/src/test/groovy/datadog/trace/bootstrap/config/provider/ConfigConverterTest.groovy b/internal-api/src/test/groovy/datadog/trace/bootstrap/config/provider/ConfigConverterTest.groovy
index a914aa0cc14..0f9e1dd752d 100644
--- a/internal-api/src/test/groovy/datadog/trace/bootstrap/config/provider/ConfigConverterTest.groovy
+++ b/internal-api/src/test/groovy/datadog/trace/bootstrap/config/provider/ConfigConverterTest.groovy
@@ -23,6 +23,31 @@ class ConfigConverterTest extends DDSpecification {
     "0"         | false
   }
 
+  def "Convert boolean properties throws exception for invalid values"() {
+    when:
+    ConfigConverter.valueOf(invalidValue, Boolean)
+
+    then:
+    def exception = thrown(ConfigConverter.InvalidBooleanValueException)
+    exception.message.contains("Invalid boolean value:")
+
+    where:
+    invalidValue << [
+      "42.42",
+      "tru",
+      "truee",
+      "true ",
+      " true",
+      " true ",
+      "   true  ",
+      "notABool",
+      "yes",
+      "no",
+      "on",
+      "off"
+    ]
+  }
+
   def "parse map properly for #mapString"() {
     when:
     def result = ConfigConverter.parseMap(mapString, "test")