> Biological data is any information that tells us something about living things—what they are, where they are, how many there are, or how they are functioning. It can come from direct observations (like counting birds or collecting plant samples), from measurements of their traits (like DNA sequences or chemical markers in tissues), or from indirect signals that reflect biological activity (like acoustic recordings of animal calls, pigments that reveal plankton growth, or satellite images showing vegetation health). We choose to focus on biological data that are relevant to understanding our planet and its ecosystems. The data from fields like biomedical, social, and economic sciences may overlap with what we discuss here, but those areas are beyond the scope of this guide.
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