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What's FSA?
Finite-State-Automaton is a sequential states of logic, between each 2 states, a transition exists, a transition defines transiting from state A to state B, each state processes an input (associated with the transition) and is capable of producing an output (defined by the present-state).
Here is a simple diagram describing a Finite-State-Automaton in action, this is a deterministic FSA (each state accepts only and only one successor transition):
Finite-State-Automaton Components:
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A Transition: composed of a present state, a next state and an input value aka. the successor value or the transition value.
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A Transitional Manager: manages and handles the transition paths in a FSA environment.
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Transitional Listeners: embedded Command-State pattern to inject some actions in-between the FSA transitions, this pattern can assign new transitions to the system.
Note: FSA is an abstract concept and can be applied to any type of logic (e.g, GUI - Embedded Systems - Game Engines - Compilers).