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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: ha/2-ab.typ
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@@ -745,8 +745,10 @@ In other words, $P$ is projective if for any #sest $ses(X, Y, Z)$ in $cA$, $ ses
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#note[
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If $cA = SMod$ for some ring $S$, we have observed that $S$ (as an object of $SMod$) is a compact, projective generator. In this case, $R = end_S (S)$. We observe that any module homomorphism $phi: S -> S$ is uniquely determined by $phi(1) in S$ with $phi(s) = s phi(1)$, and the composition of two homomorphisms $phi_1 , phi_2 : S-> S$ is in the opposite direction of multiplication in $S$: $phi_1 (phi_2(s)) = s phi_2(1) phi_1(1) $
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Therefore, $R = end_S (S) = S^op$. Thus, indeed, we have $SMod$ is equivalent to $ModR$, which is $Mod$-$S^op$.
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Therefore, $R = end_S (S) = S^op$. Thus, indeed, we have $SMod$ is equivalent to $ModR$, which is $ModS^op$.
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<opposite-ring-mod>
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// #remark[
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// Using the definition of equivalence, you want to construct another functor in the opposite direction and show their composites are natural isomorphic to identity functors. Alternatively, you might also prove that the functor is fully faithful and essentially surjective, if you can.
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#theorem("Freyd-Mitchell Embedding Theorem")[
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If $cA$ is a small abelian category, there is a ring $R$ and an exact, fully faithful embedding functor $cA -> RMod$.
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: ha/4-enough.typ
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@@ -338,33 +338,34 @@ With this proposition, we can prove that an abelian category has enough projecti
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If $I$ is an injective abelian group, then $hom_Ab (R, I)$ is an injective #rrm.
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#proof[
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By @hom-module, $hom_Ab (R, I)$ is indeed a right $R$-module. Note that $hom_Ab (R, -)$ is right adjoint to $(- tpr R)$, which is simply the forgetful functor $ModR -> Ab$ and is thus exact. Therefore $hom_Ab (R, I)$ is injective in $RMod$.
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By @hom-module, $hom_Ab (R, I)$ is indeed a right $R$-module. Note that $hom_Ab (R, -)$ is right adjoint to $(- tpr R)$, which is simply the forgetful functor $ModR -> Ab$ and is thus exact. Therefore by the previous proposition, $hom_Ab (R, I)$ is injective in $ModR$.
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#example[
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$hom_Ab (R, QQoverZZ)$ is injective.
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$hom_Ab (R, QQoverZZ)$ is injective in $ModR$.
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#proposition[
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$RMod$ has enough injectives.
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#proof[
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Since $RMod$ is equivalent to $ModR^(op)$ (see @opposite-ring-mod), it suffices to prove that $ModR$ has enough injectives for any $R$.
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Define map
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$
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I : RMod &-> RMod, \
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I : ModR &-> ModR, \
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M &|-> product_(homr(M, hom_Ab (R, QQoverZZ)))hom_Ab (R, QQoverZZ).
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$
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For any left$R$-module $M$,
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For any right$R$-module $M$,
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$I(M)$ is injective as a product of injectives, and there is a canonical morphism
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$
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e_M: M &-> I(M ), \
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m &|-> (phi(m))_(phiinhomr(M, hom_Ab (R, QQoverZZ))).
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$
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// Exercise: $e_M$ is one-to-one (mono). (like what we did before.) [TODO]
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We would like to show that $e_M$ is an injective function.
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We only need to show that for any $0 != m in M$, there exists $phi : M -> hom_Ab (R, QQoverZZ)$ such that $phi(m) != 0$. Notice that we have$phiinhomr(M, hom_Ab (R, QQoverZZ)) isohom_Ab (M, QQoverZZ) $
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as before.
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Hence we only need to find some $phi : M -> QQoverZZ$ in $Ab$ so that $phi(m) != 0$, which is given by @map-to-q-over-z.
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We only need to show that for any $0 != m in M$, there exists $phi : M -> hom_Ab (R, QQoverZZ)$ such that $phi(m) != 0$. Then since$phiinhomr(M, hom_Ab (R, QQoverZZ)) isohom_Ab (M, QQoverZZ) $
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by @tensor-hom,
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we only need to find some $phi : M -> QQoverZZ$ in $Ab$ so that $phi(m) != 0$, which is given by @map-to-q-over-z.
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