bools - replace about.md file with concept files (exercism#2351)

* Pre-populate bools concept's about.md file from after.md file

* Pre-populate bools concept's links.json file from after.md file

* bools - Remove after.md document

* Update languages/concepts/bools/links.json

* Update languages/concepts/bools/links.json

* Update languages/concepts/bools/links.json

* Update languages/concepts/bools/links.json

* Update languages/concepts/bools/links.json

* Update languages/concepts/bools/links.json

* Update languages/concepts/bools/links.json

* [CI] Format code

Co-authored-by: BethanyG <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: github-actions[bot] <github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: 3 people

concepts/bools/about.md

@@ -1 +1,69 @@
-TODO: add information on bools concept
+Python represents True and False values with the [boolean][boolean] type. There are only two [boolean][boolean] values: _True_ and _False_. These values can be assigned to a variable and combined with [boolean operators][boolean-operators] (`and`, `or`, `not`):
+
+```python
+true_variable = True and True
+false_variable = True and False
+
+true_variable = False or True
+false_variable = False or False
+
+true_variable = not False
+false_variable = not True
+```
+
+[Boolean operators][boolean-operators] use _short-circuit evaluation_, which means that expression on the right-hand side of the operator is only evaluated if needed.
+
+Each of the operators has a different precedence, where `not` is evaluated before `and` and `or`. Brackets can be used to evaluate one part of the expression before the others:
+
+```python
+not True and True # => False
+not (True and False) # => True
+```
+
+## Type Coercion and Truthiness
+
+The [`bool` function][bool-function] converts any type to a Boolean value. By default all values return `True` unless defined to return `False`.
+
+Some built-ins already defined to be considered `False`:
+
+- constants like `None` and `False`
+- zero of any _numeric type_
+- empty _sequences_ and _collections_
+
+```python
+bool(1) # => True
+bool(0) # => False
+```
+
+When a value is used in a boolean context, it is used as a _truthy_ or _falsey_ value by transparently using the `bool` function.
+
+```python
+a = "is this true?"
+if a:
+  print("True")
+# => This will print "True", as a non-empty string is a truthy value
+```
+
+Classes may define how they are evaluated in truthy situations if they override and implement a `__bool__` method.
+
+## How Booleans work under the hood
+
+The Boolean type is a _sub-type_ of the _int_ type. `True` is numerically equal to `1`. `False` is numerically equal to `0`. This is observable when comparing them:
+
+```python
+1 == True # => True
+0 == False # => True
+```
+
+However, they are still different as noted when checking for a Boolean identity:
+
+```python
+1 is True # => False
+0 is False # => False
+```
+
+> Note: in python >= 3.8, using a literal value on the left side of `is` will raise a warning.
+
+[bool-function]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool
+[boolean]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#truth
+[boolean-operators]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#boolean-operations-and-or-not

concepts/bools/links.json

@@ -1 +1,30 @@
-[]
+[
+  {
+    "url": "https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bltin-boolean-values",
+    "description": "boolean values"
+  },
+  {
+    "url": "https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#boolean-operations-and-or-not",
+    "description": "boolean-operators"
+  },
+  {
+    "url": "https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#truth",
+    "description": "Truth Value Testing"
+  },
+  {
+    "url": "https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#bool",
+    "description": "bool() function"
+  },
+  {
+    "url": "https://problemsolvingwithpython.com/04-Data-Types-and-Variables/04.02-Boolean-Data-Type/",
+    "description": "Problem Solving with Python - Boolean Data Type"
+  },
+  {
+    "url": "https://docs.quantifiedcode.com/python-anti-patterns/readability/comparison_to_true.html",
+    "description": "Python Anti-Patterns  Comparing things to True in the Wrong Way"
+  },
+  {
+    "url": "https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0285/",
+    "description": "PEP285 - Adding a bool type"
+  }
+]