Add CodeQL query to warn about null pointer exceptions in the print functions.

Author: kevinbackhouse

.github/codeql-queries/exiv2-cpp-queries/null_metadata_in_print.ql

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/**
+ * @name Null metadata in print function
+ * @description Print functions need to check that the metadata isn't null before calling methods on it.
+ * @kind problem
+ * @problem.severity warning
+ * @id cpp/null-metadata-in-print
+ */
+
+import cpp
+import semmle.code.cpp.controlflow.Guards
+import semmle.code.cpp.controlflow.Nullness
+import semmle.code.cpp.rangeanalysis.RangeAnalysisUtils
+
+// Find all the print functions by looking for TagInfo initializers
+// like this one:
+// https://github.com/Exiv2/exiv2/blob/6b186a4cd276ac11b3ea69951c2112f4c4814b9a/src/canonmn_int.cpp#L660-L679
+class PrintFunction extends Function {
+  PrintFunction() {
+    exists(Initializer i, Field f |
+      i.getExpr().(ArrayAggregateLiteral).getAChild().(ClassAggregateLiteral).getAFieldExpr(f) =
+        this.getAnAccess() and
+      f.getName() = "printFct_"
+    )
+  }
+}
+
+from PrintFunction f, Parameter p, Call call, Expr qualifier
+where
+  p = f.getParameter(2) and
+  qualifier = p.getAnAccess() and
+  call.getQualifier() = qualifier and
+  // Don't complain if the access is protected by a null check.
+  not exists(GuardCondition nonNullCheck, BasicBlock block, boolean branch |
+    validCheckExpr(nonNullCheck, p) and
+    nonNullCheck.controls(block, branch) and
+    block.contains(call)
+  )
+select qualifier, "Print functions need to check that the metadata isn't null."