-Researchers at the University of Sheffield have used FLAME GPU to power large-scale, real-time simulations of pedestrian movement, bringing agent-based modelling into practical railway applications. Through the RateSetter project, FLAME GPU was applied to the Passenger Train Interface (PTI) to model boarding and alighting flows, testing how rolling stock characteristics such as door width and carriage layout affect passenger movement. The tool was developed for the Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB) and Merseyrail, who sought to validate the model and gain practical insights ahead of a new fleet introduction.
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