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SealGuard Enterprise Security Architecture

Zero-Trust Security Framework for Web3 Document Compliance

Executive Summary

SealGuard's enterprise security architecture implements a comprehensive zero-trust security model designed for regulated industries. This architecture addresses enterprise-grade security requirements while maintaining the decentralized benefits of Web3 infrastructure.

Security Architecture Overview

Defense in Depth Strategy

Security Layers (Outside → Inside)
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Layer 7: Compliance & Governance                           │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Layer 6: Application Security (WAF, API Security)          │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Layer 5: Identity & Access Management (Zero Trust)         │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Layer 4: Data Protection (Encryption, DLP)                 │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Layer 3: Network Security (VPC, Firewalls, IDS/IPS)        │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Layer 2: Infrastructure Security (Container, K8s)          │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Layer 1: Hardware Security (HSM, Secure Enclaves)          │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Threat Modeling Framework

1. STRIDE Threat Analysis

Spoofing Threats

Threat: Unauthorized users impersonating legitimate entities

Mitigations:

// Multi-factor authentication with hardware tokens
class MFAService {
  async authenticateUser(
    userId: string,
    credentials: UserCredentials,
    hardwareToken: HardwareToken,
    biometricData?: BiometricData
  ): Promise<AuthenticationResult> {
    // Step 1: Verify primary credentials
    const primaryAuth = await this.verifyCredentials(userId, credentials);
    if (!primaryAuth.success) {
      throw new AuthenticationError('Primary authentication failed');
    }
    
    // Step 2: Verify hardware token (FIDO2/WebAuthn)
    const tokenAuth = await this.verifyHardwareToken(hardwareToken);
    if (!tokenAuth.success) {
      throw new AuthenticationError('Hardware token verification failed');
    }
    
    // Step 3: Optional biometric verification
    if (biometricData) {
      const biometricAuth = await this.verifyBiometric(userId, biometricData);
      if (!biometricAuth.success) {
        throw new AuthenticationError('Biometric verification failed');
      }
    }
    
    // Step 4: Generate secure session token
    const sessionToken = await this.generateSecureToken(userId, {
      authMethods: ['password', 'hardware_token', 'biometric'],
      riskScore: await this.calculateRiskScore(userId),
      expiresAt: Date.now() + (8 * 60 * 60 * 1000) // 8 hours
    });
    
    return {
      success: true,
      sessionToken,
      permissions: await this.getUserPermissions(userId)
    };
  }
}

Tampering Threats

Threat: Unauthorized modification of documents or system data

Mitigations:

// Immutable audit trail with cryptographic verification
class TamperProofAuditTrail {
  private merkleTree: MerkleTree;
  private hashChain: string[];
  
  async recordAction(
    action: AuditAction,
    actor: string,
    resourceId: string,
    metadata: any
  ): Promise<AuditRecord> {
    // Create tamper-proof record
    const record: AuditRecord = {
      id: generateUUID(),
      timestamp: Date.now(),
      action,
      actor,
      resourceId,
      metadata,
      previousHash: this.getLastHash(),
      signature: await this.signRecord(action, actor, resourceId, metadata)
    };
    
    // Calculate current hash
    record.currentHash = await this.calculateHash(record);
    
    // Add to Merkle tree for batch verification
    this.merkleTree.addLeaf(record.currentHash);
    
    // Update hash chain
    this.hashChain.push(record.currentHash);
    
    // Store on blockchain for immutability
    await this.storeOnBlockchain(record);
    
    return record;
  }
  
  async verifyIntegrity(
    fromRecord: string,
    toRecord: string
  ): Promise<IntegrityVerificationResult> {
    const records = await this.getRecordRange(fromRecord, toRecord);
    
    for (let i = 0; i < records.length; i++) {
      const record = records[i];
      
      // Verify hash chain
      const expectedPreviousHash = i > 0 ? records[i-1].currentHash : null;
      if (record.previousHash !== expectedPreviousHash) {
        return {
          valid: false,
          error: `Hash chain broken at record ${record.id}`,
          tamperedRecord: record.id
        };
      }
      
      // Verify signature
      const signatureValid = await this.verifySignature(record);
      if (!signatureValid) {
        return {
          valid: false,
          error: `Invalid signature for record ${record.id}`,
          tamperedRecord: record.id
        };
      }
      
      // Verify blockchain storage
      const blockchainRecord = await this.getBlockchainRecord(record.id);
      if (!this.recordsMatch(record, blockchainRecord)) {
        return {
          valid: false,
          error: `Blockchain mismatch for record ${record.id}`,
          tamperedRecord: record.id
        };
      }
    }
    
    return { valid: true };
  }
}

Repudiation Threats

Threat: Users denying actions they performed

Mitigations:

// Non-repudiation service with digital signatures
class NonRepudiationService {
  async createNonRepudiableAction(
    userId: string,
    action: string,
    data: any,
    userPrivateKey: string
  ): Promise<NonRepudiableRecord> {
    // Create action payload
    const payload = {
      userId,
      action,
      data,
      timestamp: Date.now(),
      nonce: generateNonce()
    };
    
    // Generate user signature
    const userSignature = await this.signWithPrivateKey(
      JSON.stringify(payload),
      userPrivateKey
    );
    
    // Generate system witness signature
    const systemSignature = await this.signWithSystemKey(
      JSON.stringify({ ...payload, userSignature })
    );
    
    // Create timestamped proof
    const timestampProof = await this.createTimestampProof(payload);
    
    const record: NonRepudiableRecord = {
      id: generateUUID(),
      payload,
      userSignature,
      systemSignature,
      timestampProof,
      blockchainTxHash: await this.storeOnBlockchain({
        payload,
        userSignature,
        systemSignature
      })
    };
    
    return record;
  }
  
  async verifyNonRepudiation(
    recordId: string
  ): Promise<NonRepudiationVerificationResult> {
    const record = await this.getRecord(recordId);
    
    // Verify user signature
    const userPublicKey = await this.getUserPublicKey(record.payload.userId);
    const userSigValid = await this.verifySignature(
      JSON.stringify(record.payload),
      record.userSignature,
      userPublicKey
    );
    
    // Verify system signature
    const systemSigValid = await this.verifySignature(
      JSON.stringify({ ...record.payload, userSignature: record.userSignature }),
      record.systemSignature,
      this.systemPublicKey
    );
    
    // Verify timestamp proof
    const timestampValid = await this.verifyTimestampProof(
      record.timestampProof
    );
    
    // Verify blockchain storage
    const blockchainValid = await this.verifyBlockchainRecord(
      record.blockchainTxHash
    );
    
    return {
      valid: userSigValid && systemSigValid && timestampValid && blockchainValid,
      userSignatureValid: userSigValid,
      systemSignatureValid: systemSigValid,
      timestampValid,
      blockchainValid
    };
  }
}

Information Disclosure Threats

Threat: Unauthorized access to sensitive document content

Mitigations:

// Zero-knowledge document verification
class ZeroKnowledgeVerification {
  async generateDocumentProof(
    document: Document,
    verificationCriteria: VerificationCriteria,
    userPrivateKey: string
  ): Promise<ZKProof> {
    // Create circuit inputs without revealing document content
    const circuitInputs = {
      documentHash: document.hash,
      documentSize: document.size,
      documentType: document.type,
      complianceLevel: document.complianceLevel,
      verificationCriteria,
      userSecret: await this.deriveUserSecret(userPrivateKey)
    };
    
    // Generate zero-knowledge proof
    const proof = await snarkjs.groth16.fullProve(
      circuitInputs,
      './circuits/document_verification.wasm',
      './circuits/document_verification_final.zkey'
    );
    
    return {
      proof: proof.proof,
      publicSignals: proof.publicSignals,
      verificationKey: await this.getVerificationKey()
    };
  }
  
  async verifyDocumentProof(
    proof: ZKProof,
    expectedCriteria: VerificationCriteria
  ): Promise<boolean> {
    // Verify proof without accessing document content
    const verified = await snarkjs.groth16.verify(
      proof.verificationKey,
      proof.publicSignals,
      proof.proof
    );
    
    if (!verified) {
      return false;
    }
    
    // Verify public signals match expected criteria
    return this.validatePublicSignals(proof.publicSignals, expectedCriteria);
  }
}

Denial of Service Threats

Threat: System unavailability due to resource exhaustion

Mitigations:

// Advanced rate limiting and DDoS protection
class DDoSProtection {
  private rateLimiters: Map<string, RateLimiter> = new Map();
  private suspiciousIPs: Set<string> = new Set();
  
  async checkRateLimit(
    clientId: string,
    endpoint: string,
    clientIP: string
  ): Promise<RateLimitResult> {
    const key = `${clientId}:${endpoint}`;
    
    // Get or create rate limiter for this client/endpoint
    let limiter = this.rateLimiters.get(key);
    if (!limiter) {
      limiter = new RateLimiter({
        windowMs: 60 * 1000, // 1 minute
        max: this.getEndpointLimit(endpoint),
        skipSuccessfulRequests: false,
        skipFailedRequests: false
      });
      this.rateLimiters.set(key, limiter);
    }
    
    // Check rate limit
    const result = await limiter.checkLimit();
    
    if (!result.allowed) {
      // Track suspicious behavior
      await this.trackSuspiciousActivity(clientId, clientIP, endpoint);
      
      // Implement progressive penalties
      const penalty = await this.calculatePenalty(clientId, clientIP);
      
      return {
        allowed: false,
        retryAfter: result.retryAfter + penalty,
        reason: 'Rate limit exceeded'
      };
    }
    
    return { allowed: true };
  }
  
  private async trackSuspiciousActivity(
    clientId: string,
    clientIP: string,
    endpoint: string
  ): Promise<void> {
    const activity = {
      clientId,
      clientIP,
      endpoint,
      timestamp: Date.now(),
      type: 'rate_limit_exceeded'
    };
    
    await this.logSuspiciousActivity(activity);
    
    // Check if IP should be temporarily blocked
    const recentViolations = await this.getRecentViolations(clientIP);
    if (recentViolations.length > 10) {
      this.suspiciousIPs.add(clientIP);
      
      // Notify security team
      await this.notifySecurityTeam({
        type: 'potential_ddos',
        clientIP,
        violationCount: recentViolations.length
      });
    }
  }
}

Elevation of Privilege Threats

Threat: Users gaining unauthorized access to higher privilege levels

Mitigations:

// Principle of least privilege with dynamic access control
class DynamicAccessControl {
  async evaluateAccess(
    userId: string,
    resource: string,
    action: string,
    context: AccessContext
  ): Promise<AccessDecision> {
    // Get user's base permissions
    const basePermissions = await this.getUserPermissions(userId);
    
    // Evaluate contextual factors
    const riskScore = await this.calculateRiskScore({
      userId,
      resource,
      action,
      context
    });
    
    // Apply time-based restrictions
    const timeRestrictions = await this.getTimeRestrictions(userId);
    const currentTime = new Date();
    
    if (!this.isWithinAllowedTime(currentTime, timeRestrictions)) {
      return {
        allowed: false,
        reason: 'Access outside allowed time window',
        requiresApproval: true
      };
    }
    
    // Apply location-based restrictions
    const locationRestrictions = await this.getLocationRestrictions(userId);
    if (!this.isFromAllowedLocation(context.clientIP, locationRestrictions)) {
      return {
        allowed: false,
        reason: 'Access from unauthorized location',
        requiresApproval: true
      };
    }
    
    // Check for privilege escalation attempts
    const requiredPrivilege = await this.getRequiredPrivilege(resource, action);
    if (requiredPrivilege > basePermissions.maxPrivilege) {
      // Require additional approval for privilege escalation
      return {
        allowed: false,
        reason: 'Insufficient privileges',
        requiresApproval: true,
        approvalRequired: {
          type: 'privilege_escalation',
          requiredApprovers: await this.getRequiredApprovers(requiredPrivilege),
          justificationRequired: true
        }
      };
    }
    
    // Apply risk-based controls
    if (riskScore > 0.7) {
      return {
        allowed: false,
        reason: 'High risk score detected',
        requiresApproval: true,
        additionalVerification: {
          type: 'step_up_authentication',
          methods: ['hardware_token', 'biometric']
        }
      };
    }
    
    return {
      allowed: true,
      conditions: {
        sessionTimeout: this.calculateSessionTimeout(riskScore),
        auditLevel: this.calculateAuditLevel(riskScore),
        monitoringLevel: 'enhanced'
      }
    };
  }
}

2. Attack Surface Analysis

Web Application Attack Surface

// Web Application Firewall (WAF) configuration
class WebApplicationFirewall {
  private rules: WAFRule[] = [
    {
      id: 'sql-injection-protection',
      pattern: /('|(\-\-)|(;)|(\||\|)|(\*|\*))/i,
      action: 'block',
      severity: 'high'
    },
    {
      id: 'xss-protection',
      pattern: /<script[^>]*>.*?<\/script>/gi,
      action: 'sanitize',
      severity: 'high'
    },
    {
      id: 'file-upload-validation',
      pattern: /\.(exe|bat|cmd|scr|pif|com)$/i,
      action: 'block',
      severity: 'critical'
    }
  ];
  
  async analyzeRequest(request: HTTPRequest): Promise<WAFResult> {
    const violations: WAFViolation[] = [];
    
    // Check all WAF rules
    for (const rule of this.rules) {
      const violation = await this.checkRule(request, rule);
      if (violation) {
        violations.push(violation);
      }
    }
    
    // Calculate overall risk score
    const riskScore = this.calculateRiskScore(violations);
    
    // Determine action
    if (riskScore >= 0.8) {
      return {
        action: 'block',
        reason: 'High risk request detected',
        violations
      };
    } else if (riskScore >= 0.5) {
      return {
        action: 'challenge',
        reason: 'Medium risk request - additional verification required',
        violations
      };
    }
    
    return {
      action: 'allow',
      violations
    };
  }
}

API Attack Surface

// API Security Gateway
class APISecurityGateway {
  async validateAPIRequest(
    request: APIRequest,
    endpoint: APIEndpoint
  ): Promise<APIValidationResult> {
    // 1. Authentication validation
    const authResult = await this.validateAuthentication(request);
    if (!authResult.valid) {
      return {
        valid: false,
        error: 'Authentication failed',
        statusCode: 401
      };
    }
    
    // 2. Authorization validation
    const authzResult = await this.validateAuthorization(
      authResult.user,
      endpoint,
      request.method
    );
    if (!authzResult.allowed) {
      return {
        valid: false,
        error: 'Insufficient permissions',
        statusCode: 403
      };
    }
    
    // 3. Input validation
    const inputResult = await this.validateInput(request, endpoint.schema);
    if (!inputResult.valid) {
      return {
        valid: false,
        error: 'Invalid input data',
        details: inputResult.errors,
        statusCode: 400
      };
    }
    
    // 4. Rate limiting
    const rateLimitResult = await this.checkRateLimit(
      authResult.user.id,
      endpoint.path
    );
    if (!rateLimitResult.allowed) {
      return {
        valid: false,
        error: 'Rate limit exceeded',
        retryAfter: rateLimitResult.retryAfter,
        statusCode: 429
      };
    }
    
    // 5. Content validation
    const contentResult = await this.validateContent(request);
    if (!contentResult.safe) {
      return {
        valid: false,
        error: 'Potentially malicious content detected',
        statusCode: 400
      };
    }
    
    return {
      valid: true,
      user: authResult.user,
      permissions: authzResult.permissions
    };
  }
}

Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Zero Trust Architecture

// Zero Trust Identity Provider
class ZeroTrustIdentityProvider {
  async authenticateAndAuthorize(
    credentials: AuthenticationCredentials,
    requestContext: RequestContext
  ): Promise<ZeroTrustResult> {
    // Step 1: Verify identity
    const identityResult = await this.verifyIdentity(credentials);
    if (!identityResult.verified) {
      return {
        success: false,
        reason: 'Identity verification failed'
      };
    }
    
    // Step 2: Assess device trust
    const deviceTrust = await this.assessDeviceTrust(requestContext.device);
    
    // Step 3: Evaluate network trust
    const networkTrust = await this.evaluateNetworkTrust(requestContext.network);
    
    // Step 4: Calculate overall trust score
    const trustScore = this.calculateTrustScore({
      identity: identityResult.confidence,
      device: deviceTrust.score,
      network: networkTrust.score,
      behavioral: await this.getBehavioralScore(identityResult.userId)
    });
    
    // Step 5: Apply conditional access policies
    const accessPolicies = await this.getAccessPolicies(identityResult.userId);
    const policyResult = await this.evaluatePolicies(
      accessPolicies,
      trustScore,
      requestContext
    );
    
    if (!policyResult.allowed) {
      return {
        success: false,
        reason: policyResult.reason,
        remediation: policyResult.remediation
      };
    }
    
    // Step 6: Generate contextual access token
    const accessToken = await this.generateContextualToken({
      userId: identityResult.userId,
      trustScore,
      deviceId: requestContext.device.id,
      networkContext: requestContext.network,
      permissions: policyResult.permissions,
      constraints: policyResult.constraints
    });
    
    return {
      success: true,
      accessToken,
      trustScore,
      permissions: policyResult.permissions,
      constraints: policyResult.constraints
    };
  }
}

Privileged Access Management (PAM)

// Privileged Access Management System
class PrivilegedAccessManager {
  async requestPrivilegedAccess(
    userId: string,
    targetResource: string,
    requestedPrivileges: string[],
    justification: string,
    duration: number
  ): Promise<PrivilegedAccessResult> {
    // Create access request
    const request: PrivilegedAccessRequest = {
      id: generateUUID(),
      userId,
      targetResource,
      requestedPrivileges,
      justification,
      duration,
      requestedAt: Date.now(),
      status: 'pending'
    };
    
    // Determine required approvers
    const approvers = await this.getRequiredApprovers(
      targetResource,
      requestedPrivileges
    );
    
    // Check for emergency access
    const isEmergency = await this.isEmergencyAccess(request);
    if (isEmergency) {
      // Grant temporary emergency access with enhanced monitoring
      const emergencyAccess = await this.grantEmergencyAccess(request);
      
      // Notify security team
      await this.notifySecurityTeam({
        type: 'emergency_access_granted',
        request,
        grantedAccess: emergencyAccess
      });
      
      return {
        granted: true,
        accessToken: emergencyAccess.token,
        expiresAt: emergencyAccess.expiresAt,
        conditions: {
          monitoring: 'enhanced',
          auditLevel: 'detailed',
          sessionRecording: true
        }
      };
    }
    
    // Normal approval workflow
    await this.initiateApprovalWorkflow(request, approvers);
    
    return {
      granted: false,
      requestId: request.id,
      status: 'pending_approval',
      requiredApprovers: approvers.map(a => a.role),
      estimatedApprovalTime: this.estimateApprovalTime(approvers)
    };
  }
  
  async monitorPrivilegedSession(
    sessionId: string,
    userId: string
  ): Promise<void> {
    const session = await this.getPrivilegedSession(sessionId);
    
    // Real-time monitoring
    const monitor = new PrivilegedSessionMonitor({
      sessionId,
      userId,
      recordCommands: true,
      recordScreenshots: true,
      detectAnomalies: true,
      alertThresholds: {
        suspiciousCommands: 5,
        dataExfiltrationSize: 100 * 1024 * 1024, // 100MB
        unusualBehaviorScore: 0.8
      }
    });
    
    monitor.on('suspicious_activity', async (activity) => {
      await this.handleSuspiciousActivity(sessionId, activity);
    });
    
    monitor.on('policy_violation', async (violation) => {
      await this.handlePolicyViolation(sessionId, violation);
    });
    
    monitor.on('session_timeout', async () => {
      await this.terminatePrivilegedSession(sessionId);
    });
    
    await monitor.start();
  }
}

Data Protection Framework

Encryption Architecture

// Multi-layer encryption system
class DataProtectionService {
  async encryptDocument(
    document: Document,
    encryptionPolicy: EncryptionPolicy
  ): Promise<EncryptedDocument> {
    // Layer 1: Application-level encryption
    const appEncrypted = await this.applicationEncrypt(
      document.content,
      encryptionPolicy.applicationKey
    );
    
    // Layer 2: Field-level encryption for sensitive data
    const fieldEncrypted = await this.fieldLevelEncrypt(
      appEncrypted,
      document.sensitiveFields,
      encryptionPolicy.fieldKeys
    );
    
    // Layer 3: Transport encryption (handled by TLS)
    // Layer 4: Storage encryption (handled by storage provider)
    
    // Generate encryption metadata
    const metadata: EncryptionMetadata = {
      algorithm: encryptionPolicy.algorithm,
      keyVersion: encryptionPolicy.keyVersion,
      encryptedAt: Date.now(),
      encryptedBy: encryptionPolicy.userId,
      integrityHash: await this.calculateIntegrityHash(fieldEncrypted)
    };
    
    return {
      id: document.id,
      encryptedContent: fieldEncrypted,
      metadata,
      accessControlList: await this.generateACL(document, encryptionPolicy)
    };
  }
  
  async decryptDocument(
    encryptedDocument: EncryptedDocument,
    decryptionContext: DecryptionContext
  ): Promise<Document> {
    // Verify access permissions
    const accessAllowed = await this.verifyAccess(
      decryptionContext.userId,
      encryptedDocument.accessControlList
    );
    
    if (!accessAllowed) {
      throw new UnauthorizedAccessError('Insufficient permissions to decrypt document');
    }
    
    // Verify integrity
    const integrityValid = await this.verifyIntegrity(
      encryptedDocument.encryptedContent,
      encryptedDocument.metadata.integrityHash
    );
    
    if (!integrityValid) {
      throw new IntegrityError('Document integrity verification failed');
    }
    
    // Decrypt field-level encryption
    const fieldDecrypted = await this.fieldLevelDecrypt(
      encryptedDocument.encryptedContent,
      decryptionContext.fieldKeys
    );
    
    // Decrypt application-level encryption
    const appDecrypted = await this.applicationDecrypt(
      fieldDecrypted,
      decryptionContext.applicationKey
    );
    
    // Log access for audit
    await this.logDocumentAccess({
      documentId: encryptedDocument.id,
      userId: decryptionContext.userId,
      accessType: 'decrypt',
      timestamp: Date.now()
    });
    
    return {
      id: encryptedDocument.id,
      content: appDecrypted,
      metadata: encryptedDocument.metadata
    };
  }
}

Key Management Service

// Enterprise Key Management Service
class KeyManagementService {
  private hsm: HardwareSecurityModule;
  private keyRotationSchedule: Map<string, RotationSchedule> = new Map();
  
  async generateEncryptionKey(
    keyType: KeyType,
    keyPolicy: KeyPolicy
  ): Promise<EncryptionKey> {
    // Generate key in HSM for hardware-backed security
    const keyMaterial = await this.hsm.generateKey({
      algorithm: keyPolicy.algorithm,
      keySize: keyPolicy.keySize,
      usage: keyPolicy.usage
    });
    
    const key: EncryptionKey = {
      id: generateUUID(),
      type: keyType,
      algorithm: keyPolicy.algorithm,
      keySize: keyPolicy.keySize,
      createdAt: Date.now(),
      createdBy: keyPolicy.createdBy,
      version: 1,
      status: 'active',
      policy: keyPolicy,
      hsmKeyId: keyMaterial.id
    };
    
    // Store key metadata (not the actual key material)
    await this.storeKeyMetadata(key);
    
    // Schedule automatic rotation
    if (keyPolicy.autoRotate) {
      this.scheduleKeyRotation(key.id, keyPolicy.rotationInterval);
    }
    
    // Log key generation
    await this.auditLog({
      action: 'key_generated',
      keyId: key.id,
      keyType,
      createdBy: keyPolicy.createdBy
    });
    
    return key;
  }
  
  async rotateKey(keyId: string): Promise<EncryptionKey> {
    const currentKey = await this.getKey(keyId);
    if (!currentKey) {
      throw new KeyNotFoundError(`Key ${keyId} not found`);
    }
    
    // Generate new key version
    const newKeyMaterial = await this.hsm.generateKey({
      algorithm: currentKey.algorithm,
      keySize: currentKey.keySize,
      usage: currentKey.policy.usage
    });
    
    const newKey: EncryptionKey = {
      ...currentKey,
      version: currentKey.version + 1,
      createdAt: Date.now(),
      hsmKeyId: newKeyMaterial.id,
      status: 'active'
    };
    
    // Mark old key as deprecated
    await this.updateKeyStatus(currentKey.id, 'deprecated');
    
    // Store new key
    await this.storeKeyMetadata(newKey);
    
    // Re-encrypt data with new key (background process)
    await this.scheduleDataReEncryption(currentKey.id, newKey.id);
    
    // Log key rotation
    await this.auditLog({
      action: 'key_rotated',
      oldKeyId: currentKey.id,
      newKeyId: newKey.id,
      rotatedAt: Date.now()
    });
    
    return newKey;
  }
  
  async revokeKey(
    keyId: string,
    reason: string,
    revokedBy: string
  ): Promise<void> {
    const key = await this.getKey(keyId);
    if (!key) {
      throw new KeyNotFoundError(`Key ${keyId} not found`);
    }
    
    // Mark key as revoked
    await this.updateKeyStatus(keyId, 'revoked');
    
    // Destroy key material in HSM
    await this.hsm.destroyKey(key.hsmKeyId);
    
    // Notify all systems using this key
    await this.notifyKeyRevocation(keyId);
    
    // Log key revocation
    await this.auditLog({
      action: 'key_revoked',
      keyId,
      reason,
      revokedBy,
      revokedAt: Date.now()
    });
  }
}

Compliance Framework Integration

Regulatory Compliance Engine

// Multi-jurisdiction compliance engine
class ComplianceEngine {
  private regulations: Map<string, RegulationFramework> = new Map();
  
  constructor() {
    this.initializeRegulations();
  }
  
  private initializeRegulations(): void {
    // GDPR (European Union)
    this.regulations.set('GDPR', {
      jurisdiction: 'EU',
      requirements: {
        dataMinimization: true,
        consentManagement: true,
        rightToErasure: true,
        dataPortability: true,
        privacyByDesign: true,
        dataProtectionOfficer: true,
        breachNotification: {
          timeLimit: 72 * 60 * 60 * 1000, // 72 hours
          authorities: ['supervisory_authority'],
          dataSubjects: true
        }
      },
      penalties: {
        maximum: 0.04, // 4% of annual turnover
        currency: 'EUR',
        amount: 20000000 // €20 million
      }
    });
    
    // HIPAA (United States Healthcare)
    this.regulations.set('HIPAA', {
      jurisdiction: 'US',
      requirements: {
        accessControls: true,
        auditControls: true,
        integrity: true,
        personOrEntityAuthentication: true,
        transmissionSecurity: true,
        businessAssociateAgreements: true,
        riskAssessment: {
          frequency: 'annual',
          scope: 'comprehensive'
        }
      },
      penalties: {
        tier1: { min: 100, max: 50000 },
        tier2: { min: 1000, max: 100000 },
        tier3: { min: 10000, max: 250000 },
        tier4: { min: 25000, max: 1500000 }
      }
    });
    
    // SOX (Sarbanes-Oxley Act)
    this.regulations.set('SOX', {
      jurisdiction: 'US',
      requirements: {
        internalControls: true,
        financialReporting: true,
        auditTrail: true,
        segregationOfDuties: true,
        changeManagement: true,
        executiveCertification: true
      }
    });
  }
  
  async assessCompliance(
    document: Document,
    jurisdiction: string[]
  ): Promise<ComplianceAssessment> {
    const assessments: RegulationAssessment[] = [];
    
    for (const jurisdictionCode of jurisdiction) {
      const regulation = this.regulations.get(jurisdictionCode);
      if (!regulation) {
        continue;
      }
      
      const assessment = await this.assessRegulation(document, regulation);
      assessments.push({
        regulation: jurisdictionCode,
        compliant: assessment.compliant,
        violations: assessment.violations,
        recommendations: assessment.recommendations,
        riskScore: assessment.riskScore
      });
    }
    
    // Calculate overall compliance score
    const overallScore = this.calculateOverallScore(assessments);
    
    return {
      documentId: document.id,
      overallCompliant: overallScore >= 0.8,
      overallScore,
      assessments,
      generatedAt: Date.now()
    };
  }
  
  private async assessRegulation(
    document: Document,
    regulation: RegulationFramework
  ): Promise<DetailedAssessment> {
    const violations: ComplianceViolation[] = [];
    const recommendations: ComplianceRecommendation[] = [];
    
    // Check data minimization (GDPR)
    if (regulation.requirements.dataMinimization) {
      const dataMinimizationResult = await this.checkDataMinimization(document);
      if (!dataMinimizationResult.compliant) {
        violations.push({
          type: 'data_minimization',
          severity: 'medium',
          description: 'Document contains excessive personal data',
          remediation: 'Remove unnecessary personal data fields'
        });
      }
    }
    
    // Check access controls (HIPAA)
    if (regulation.requirements.accessControls) {
      const accessControlResult = await this.checkAccessControls(document);
      if (!accessControlResult.compliant) {
        violations.push({
          type: 'access_control',
          severity: 'high',
          description: 'Insufficient access controls',
          remediation: 'Implement role-based access controls'
        });
      }
    }
    
    // Check audit trail (SOX)
    if (regulation.requirements.auditTrail) {
      const auditTrailResult = await this.checkAuditTrail(document);
      if (!auditTrailResult.compliant) {
        violations.push({
          type: 'audit_trail',
          severity: 'high',
          description: 'Incomplete audit trail',
          remediation: 'Enable comprehensive audit logging'
        });
      }
    }
    
    // Generate recommendations
    if (violations.length > 0) {
      recommendations.push({
        priority: 'high',
        description: 'Address compliance violations immediately',
        actions: violations.map(v => v.remediation)
      });
    }
    
    const riskScore = this.calculateRiskScore(violations);
    
    return {
      compliant: violations.length === 0,
      violations,
      recommendations,
      riskScore
    };
  }
}

Security Monitoring and Incident Response

Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)

// Advanced SIEM system for security monitoring
class SecurityMonitoringSystem {
  private eventProcessors: Map<string, EventProcessor> = new Map();
  private alertRules: AlertRule[] = [];
  private incidentResponse: IncidentResponseSystem;
  
  async processSecurityEvent(event: SecurityEvent): Promise<void> {
    // Enrich event with contextual information
    const enrichedEvent = await this.enrichEvent(event);
    
    // Correlate with other events
    const correlatedEvents = await this.correlateEvents(enrichedEvent);
    
    // Apply detection rules
    const detectionResults = await this.applyDetectionRules(
      enrichedEvent,
      correlatedEvents
    );
    
    // Generate alerts if necessary
    for (const detection of detectionResults) {
      if (detection.severity >= AlertSeverity.MEDIUM) {
        await this.generateAlert(detection, enrichedEvent);
      }
    }
    
    // Store event for analysis
    await this.storeEvent(enrichedEvent);
  }
  
  private async applyDetectionRules(
    event: EnrichedSecurityEvent,
    correlatedEvents: SecurityEvent[]
  ): Promise<DetectionResult[]> {
    const results: DetectionResult[] = [];
    
    // Rule 1: Multiple failed login attempts
    if (event.type === 'authentication_failed') {
      const recentFailures = correlatedEvents.filter(
        e => e.type === 'authentication_failed' &&
             e.sourceIP === event.sourceIP &&
             e.timestamp > Date.now() - (5 * 60 * 1000) // Last 5 minutes
      );
      
      if (recentFailures.length >= 5) {
        results.push({
          ruleId: 'brute_force_detection',
          severity: AlertSeverity.HIGH,
          description: 'Potential brute force attack detected',
          indicators: {
            sourceIP: event.sourceIP,
            failureCount: recentFailures.length,
            timeWindow: '5 minutes'
          },
          recommendedActions: [
            'Block source IP',
            'Notify security team',
            'Review user account'
          ]
        });
      }
    }
    
    // Rule 2: Unusual data access patterns
    if (event.type === 'document_access') {
      const userBaseline = await this.getUserBaseline(event.userId);
      const accessPattern = await this.analyzeAccessPattern(event, userBaseline);
      
      if (accessPattern.anomalyScore > 0.8) {
        results.push({
          ruleId: 'unusual_access_pattern',
          severity: AlertSeverity.MEDIUM,
          description: 'Unusual document access pattern detected',
          indicators: {
            userId: event.userId,
            anomalyScore: accessPattern.anomalyScore,
            deviations: accessPattern.deviations
          },
          recommendedActions: [
            'Review user activity',
            'Verify user identity',
            'Monitor subsequent actions'
          ]
        });
      }
    }
    
    // Rule 3: Privilege escalation attempts
    if (event.type === 'privilege_escalation_attempt') {
      results.push({
        ruleId: 'privilege_escalation',
        severity: AlertSeverity.CRITICAL,
        description: 'Privilege escalation attempt detected',
        indicators: {
          userId: event.userId,
          requestedPrivileges: event.metadata.requestedPrivileges,
          currentPrivileges: event.metadata.currentPrivileges
        },
        recommendedActions: [
          'Immediately review user account',
          'Suspend user if necessary',
          'Investigate potential compromise'
        ]
      });
    }
    
    return results;
  }
  
  private async generateAlert(
    detection: DetectionResult,
    event: EnrichedSecurityEvent
  ): Promise<void> {
    const alert: SecurityAlert = {
      id: generateUUID(),
      ruleId: detection.ruleId,
      severity: detection.severity,
      title: detection.description,
      description: this.formatAlertDescription(detection, event),
      indicators: detection.indicators,
      recommendedActions: detection.recommendedActions,
      createdAt: Date.now(),
      status: 'open',
      assignedTo: await this.getAlertAssignee(detection.severity)
    };
    
    // Store alert
    await this.storeAlert(alert);
    
    // Notify security team
    await this.notifySecurityTeam(alert);
    
    // Auto-remediate if configured
    if (detection.severity === AlertSeverity.CRITICAL) {
      await this.initiateAutoRemediation(alert, event);
    }
  }
}

Incident Response Automation

// Automated incident response system
class IncidentResponseSystem {
  private playbooks: Map<string, ResponsePlaybook> = new Map();
  private activeIncidents: Map<string, SecurityIncident> = new Map();
  
  async handleSecurityIncident(
    alert: SecurityAlert,
    event: SecurityEvent
  ): Promise<IncidentResponse> {
    // Create security incident
    const incident: SecurityIncident = {
      id: generateUUID(),
      alertId: alert.id,
      type: this.classifyIncident(alert, event),
      severity: alert.severity,
      status: 'investigating',
      createdAt: Date.now(),
      affectedSystems: await this.identifyAffectedSystems(event),
      timeline: [{
        timestamp: Date.now(),
        action: 'incident_created',
        description: 'Security incident created from alert',
        actor: 'system'
      }]
    };
    
    // Get appropriate response playbook
    const playbook = this.getResponsePlaybook(incident.type);
    if (!playbook) {
      throw new Error(`No playbook found for incident type: ${incident.type}`);
    }
    
    // Execute response playbook
    const response = await this.executePlaybook(incident, playbook);
    
    // Store incident
    this.activeIncidents.set(incident.id, incident);
    
    return response;
  }
  
  private async executePlaybook(
    incident: SecurityIncident,
    playbook: ResponsePlaybook
  ): Promise<IncidentResponse> {
    const executedActions: ResponseAction[] = [];
    
    for (const step of playbook.steps) {
      try {
        const actionResult = await this.executeResponseAction(
          incident,
          step.action
        );
        
        executedActions.push({
          ...step.action,
          result: actionResult,
          executedAt: Date.now()
        });
        
        // Update incident timeline
        incident.timeline.push({
          timestamp: Date.now(),
          action: step.action.type,
          description: step.action.description,
          actor: 'system',
          result: actionResult.success ? 'success' : 'failed'
        });
        
        // Check if step requires human intervention
        if (step.requiresApproval && !actionResult.success) {
          await this.requestHumanIntervention(incident, step);
          break;
        }
        
      } catch (error) {
        executedActions.push({
          ...step.action,
          result: {
            success: false,
            error: error.message
          },
          executedAt: Date.now()
        });
        
        // Escalate on critical failures
        if (step.action.critical) {
          await this.escalateIncident(incident, error);
        }
      }
    }
    
    return {
      incidentId: incident.id,
      playbookId: playbook.id,
      executedActions,
      status: this.calculateResponseStatus(executedActions),
      nextSteps: await this.determineNextSteps(incident, executedActions)
    };
  }
  
  private async executeResponseAction(
    incident: SecurityIncident,
    action: ResponseActionDefinition
  ): Promise<ActionResult> {
    switch (action.type) {
      case 'isolate_user':
        return await this.isolateUser(action.parameters.userId);
        
      case 'block_ip':
        return await this.blockIPAddress(action.parameters.ipAddress);
        
      case 'revoke_tokens':
        return await this.revokeUserTokens(action.parameters.userId);
        
      case 'quarantine_document':
        return await this.quarantineDocument(action.parameters.documentId);
        
      case 'notify_stakeholders':
        return await this.notifyStakeholders(
          action.parameters.stakeholders,
          incident
        );
        
      case 'collect_evidence':
        return await this.collectEvidence(
          incident,
          action.parameters.evidenceTypes
        );
        
      default:
        throw new Error(`Unknown response action type: ${action.type}`);
    }
  }
}

Security Metrics and KPIs

Security Dashboard

// Security metrics and KPI tracking
class SecurityMetricsCollector {
  async generateSecurityDashboard(): Promise<SecurityDashboard> {
    const timeRange = {
      start: Date.now() - (30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000), // Last 30 days
      end: Date.now()
    };
    
    return {
      overview: {
        totalSecurityEvents: await this.getTotalSecurityEvents(timeRange),
        criticalAlerts: await this.getCriticalAlerts(timeRange),
        activeIncidents: await this.getActiveIncidents(),
        meanTimeToDetection: await this.getMeanTimeToDetection(timeRange),
        meanTimeToResponse: await this.getMeanTimeToResponse(timeRange),
        securityScore: await this.calculateSecurityScore()
      },
      
      threatLandscape: {
        topThreats: await this.getTopThreats(timeRange),
        attackVectors: await this.getAttackVectors(timeRange),
        geographicDistribution: await this.getGeographicThreatDistribution(timeRange),
        trendAnalysis: await this.getThreatTrends(timeRange)
      },
      
      complianceStatus: {
        overallCompliance: await this.getOverallComplianceScore(),
        regulationCompliance: await this.getRegulationComplianceBreakdown(),
        complianceViolations: await this.getComplianceViolations(timeRange),
        auditReadiness: await this.getAuditReadinessScore()
      },
      
      accessManagement: {
        privilegedAccessSessions: await this.getPrivilegedAccessMetrics(timeRange),
        accessViolations: await this.getAccessViolations(timeRange),
        identityRiskScore: await this.getIdentityRiskScore(),
        unusualAccessPatterns: await this.getUnusualAccessPatterns(timeRange)
      },
      
      dataProtection: {
        encryptionCoverage: await this.getEncryptionCoverage(),
        dataLeakageIncidents: await this.getDataLeakageIncidents(timeRange),
        keyRotationStatus: await this.getKeyRotationStatus(),
        dataClassificationCoverage: await this.getDataClassificationCoverage()
      }
    };
  }
  
  private async calculateSecurityScore(): Promise<SecurityScore> {
    const factors = {
      threatDetection: await this.getThreatDetectionScore(),
      incidentResponse: await this.getIncidentResponseScore(),
      compliance: await this.getComplianceScore(),
      accessControl: await this.getAccessControlScore(),
      dataProtection: await this.getDataProtectionScore(),
      vulnerabilityManagement: await this.getVulnerabilityScore()
    };
    
    // Weighted average calculation
    const weights = {
      threatDetection: 0.2,
      incidentResponse: 0.2,
      compliance: 0.2,
      accessControl: 0.15,
      dataProtection: 0.15,
      vulnerabilityManagement: 0.1
    };
    
    const overallScore = Object.entries(factors).reduce(
      (total, [factor, score]) => total + (score * weights[factor]),
      0
    );
    
    return {
      overall: Math.round(overallScore * 100),
      factors,
      trend: await this.getSecurityScoreTrend(),
      recommendations: await this.getSecurityRecommendations(factors)
    };
  }
}

Conclusion

SealGuard's enterprise security architecture provides:

  1. Comprehensive Threat Protection: Multi-layered defense against STRIDE threats
  2. Zero Trust Implementation: Never trust, always verify approach
  3. Advanced Access Control: Dynamic, risk-based access decisions
  4. Data Protection: Multi-layer encryption with enterprise key management
  5. Compliance Automation: Multi-jurisdiction regulatory compliance
  6. Intelligent Monitoring: AI-powered threat detection and response
  7. Incident Response: Automated playbook-driven response system
  8. Continuous Improvement: Metrics-driven security optimization

This architecture addresses enterprise security requirements while maintaining the benefits of Web3 infrastructure, providing a robust foundation for regulated industries to adopt decentralized document compliance solutions.