Add a gallery example of inset map showing a rectangle region (#1020)

Co-authored-by: Wei Ji <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Dongdong Tian <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Michael Grund <[email protected]>

Author: 4 people

examples/gallery/embellishments/inset_rectangle_region.py

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+"""
+Inset map showing a rectangular region
+--------------------------------------
+
+The :meth:`pygmt.Figure.inset` method adds an inset figure inside a larger
+figure. The function is called using a ``with`` statement, and its position,
+box, offset, and margin can be customized. Plotting methods called within the
+``with`` statement plot into the inset figure.
+"""
+
+import pygmt
+
+# Set the region of the main figure
+region = [137.5, 141, 34, 37]
+
+fig = pygmt.Figure()
+
+# Plot the base map of the main figure. Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection
+# is used and the UTM zone is set to be "54S".
+fig.basemap(region=region, projection="U54S/12c", frame=["WSne", "af"])
+
+# Set the land color to "lightbrown", the water color to "azure1", the shoreline
+# width to "2p", and the area threshold to 1000 km^2 for the main figure
+fig.coast(land="lightbrown", water="azure1", shorelines="2p", area_thresh=1000)
+
+# Create an inset map, setting the position to bottom right, the width to
+# 3 cm, the height to 3.6 cm, and the x- and y-offsets to
+# 0.1 cm, respectively. Draws a rectangular box around the inset with a fill color
+# of "white" and a pen of "1p".
+with fig.inset(position="jBR+w3c/3.6c+o0.1c", box="+gwhite+p1p"):
+    # Plot the Japan main land in the inset using coast. "U54S/M?" means UTM
+    # projection with map width automatically determined from the inset width.
+    # Highlight the Japan area in "lightbrown"
+    # and draw its outline with a pen of "0.2p".
+    fig.coast(
+        region=[129, 146, 30, 46],
+        projection="U54S/?",
+        dcw="JP+glightbrown+p0.2p",
+        area_thresh=10000,
+    )
+    # Plot a rectangle ("r") in the inset map to show the area of the main figure.
+    # "+s" means that the first two columns are the longitude and latitude of
+    # the bottom left corner of the rectangle, and the last two columns the
+    # longitude and latitude of the uppper right corner.
+    rectangle = [[region[0], region[2], region[1], region[3]]]
+    fig.plot(data=rectangle, style="r+s", pen="2p,blue")
+
+fig.show()