Add Docker package workflow (#347)

# Description

Add Docker package workflow.

## Changes

Build and push Docker image to GHCR with tags:

- `latest` for master branch.
- `release-*` or `v*` for Git tags, depends on the Git tag format.
- `sha-<sha>` for Git commit hash, only with pull requests, master branch and Git tags.

For pull request, only ensures that the docker build succeeds, does not push the image.
See: docker/build-push-action#751

Author: lostsnow

.github/workflows/docker-package.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# https://docs.github.com/en/actions/use-cases-and-examples/publishing-packages/publishing-docker-images
+
+name: Docker Package
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    tags:
+      - 'v*'
+      - 'release-*'
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - master
+
+env:
+  # Use docker.io for Docker Hub if empty
+  REGISTRY: ghcr.io
+  # github.repository as <account>/<repo>
+  IMAGE_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
+
+jobs:
+  package:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    # Sets the permissions granted to the GITHUB_TOKEN for the actions in this job.
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      packages: write
+      attestations: write
+      id-token: write
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      # https://github.com/docker/login-action
+      - name: Log in to the Container registry ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
+        if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        with:
+          registry: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
+          username: ${{ github.actor }}
+          # https://docs.github.com/en/actions/security-for-github-actions/security-guides/automatic-token-authentication
+          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      # https://github.com/docker/metadata-action
+      - name: Extract metadata (tags, labels) for Docker
+        id: meta
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        with:
+          images: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
+          # generate Docker tags based on the following events/attributes
+          tags: |
+            # set latest tag for master branch
+            type=raw,value=latest,enable=${{ github.ref == format('refs/heads/{0}', 'master') }}
+            type=ref,event=tag
+            type=ref,event=pr
+            type=sha
+
+      # https://github.com/docker/build-push-action
+      # For pull request, only ensures that the docker build succeeds, does not push the image.
+      # See: https://github.com/docker/build-push-action/issues/751
+      - name: Build and push Docker image
+        id: push
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        with:
+          context: .
+          push: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' }}
+          file: ./provisioning/Dockerfile
+          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
+          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
+
+      # https://github.com/actions/attest-build-provenance
+      - name: Generate artifact attestation
+        if: github.event_name != 'pull_request'
+        uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
+        with:
+          subject-name: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME}}
+          subject-digest: ${{ steps.push.outputs.digest }}
+          # https://github.com/actions/attest-build-provenance/issues/71#issuecomment-2108140285
+          push-to-registry: false