diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/README.rst b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/README.rst
index 89fa70be..9788bc03 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/README.rst
+++ b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/README.rst
@@ -68,6 +68,30 @@ Usage
 
     logger1.warning("string log %s", "here")
 
+If your code is running in a GCP environment with a supported Cloud Logging agent (like GKE,
+Cloud Run, GCE, etc.), you can write logs to stdout in Cloud Logging `structured JSON format
+<https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/structured-logging>`_. Pass the ``structured_json_file``
+argument and use ``SimpleLogRecordProcessor``:
+
+.. code:: python
+
+    import sys
+    from opentelemetry.exporter.cloud_logging import (
+        CloudLoggingExporter,
+    )
+    from opentelemetry._logs import set_logger_provider
+    from opentelemetry.sdk._logs import LoggerProvider
+    from opentelemetry.sdk._logs.export import SimpleLogRecordProcessor
+
+    logger_provider = LoggerProvider()
+    set_logger_provider(logger_provider)
+    exporter = CloudLoggingExporter(structured_json_file=sys.stdout)
+    logger_provider.add_log_record_processor(SimpleLogRecordProcessor(exporter))
+
+
+    otel_logger = logger_provider.get_logger(__name__)
+    otel_logger.emit(attributes={"hello": "world"}, body={"foo": {"bar": "baz"}})
+
 References
 ----------
 
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/src/opentelemetry/exporter/cloud_logging/__init__.py b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/src/opentelemetry/exporter/cloud_logging/__init__.py
index ec77c72f..96f4fe1f 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/src/opentelemetry/exporter/cloud_logging/__init__.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/src/opentelemetry/exporter/cloud_logging/__init__.py
@@ -19,7 +19,16 @@
 import logging
 import re
 from base64 import b64encode
-from typing import Any, Mapping, MutableMapping, Optional, Sequence
+from functools import partial
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Mapping,
+    MutableMapping,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    TextIO,
+    cast,
+)
 
 import google.auth
 from google.api.monitored_resource_pb2 import (  # pylint: disable = no-name-in-module
@@ -36,6 +45,7 @@
 from google.logging.type.log_severity_pb2 import (  # pylint: disable = no-name-in-module
     LogSeverity,
 )
+from google.protobuf.json_format import MessageToDict
 from google.protobuf.struct_pb2 import (  # pylint: disable = no-name-in-module
     Struct,
 )
@@ -52,6 +62,9 @@
 from opentelemetry.sdk.resources import Resource
 from opentelemetry.trace import format_span_id, format_trace_id
 from opentelemetry.util.types import AnyValue
+from proto.datetime_helpers import (  # type: ignore[import]
+    DatetimeWithNanoseconds,
+)
 
 DEFAULT_MAX_ENTRY_SIZE = 256000  # 256 KB
 DEFAULT_MAX_REQUEST_SIZE = 10000000  # 10 MB
@@ -205,24 +218,59 @@ def __init__(
         project_id: Optional[str] = None,
         default_log_name: Optional[str] = None,
         client: Optional[LoggingServiceV2Client] = None,
-    ):
+        *,
+        structured_json_file: Optional[TextIO] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Create a CloudLoggingExporter
+
+        Args:
+            project_id: The GCP project ID to which the logs will be sent. If not
+                provided, the exporter will infer it from Application Default Credentials.
+            default_log_name: The default log name to use for log entries.
+                If not provided, a default name will be used.
+            client: An optional `LoggingServiceV2Client` instance to use for
+                sending logs. If not provided and ``structured_json_file`` is not provided, a
+                new client will be created. Passing both ``client`` and
+                ``structured_json_file`` is not supported.
+            structured_json_file: An optional file-like object (like `sys.stdout`) to write
+                logs to in Cloud Logging `structured JSON format
+                <https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/structured-logging>`_. If provided,
+                ``client`` must not be provided and logs will only be written to the file-like
+                object.
+        """
+
         self.project_id: str
         if not project_id:
             _, default_project_id = google.auth.default()
             self.project_id = str(default_project_id)
         else:
             self.project_id = project_id
+
         if default_log_name:
             self.default_log_name = default_log_name
         else:
             self.default_log_name = "otel_python_inprocess_log_name_temp"
-        self.client = client or LoggingServiceV2Client(
-            transport=LoggingServiceV2GrpcTransport(
-                channel=LoggingServiceV2GrpcTransport.create_channel(
-                    options=_OPTIONS,
+
+        if client and structured_json_file:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Cannot specify both client and structured_json_file"
+            )
+
+        if structured_json_file:
+            self._write_log_entries = partial(
+                self._write_log_entries_to_file, structured_json_file
+            )
+        else:
+            client = client or LoggingServiceV2Client(
+                transport=LoggingServiceV2GrpcTransport(
+                    channel=LoggingServiceV2GrpcTransport.create_channel(
+                        options=_OPTIONS,
+                    )
                 )
             )
-        )
+            self._write_log_entries = partial(
+                self._write_log_entries_to_client, client
+            )
 
     def pick_log_id(self, log_name_attr: Any, event_name: str | None) -> str:
         if log_name_attr and isinstance(log_name_attr, str):
@@ -288,7 +336,58 @@ def export(self, batch: Sequence[LogData]):
 
         self._write_log_entries(log_entries)
 
-    def _write_log_entries(self, log_entries: list[LogEntry]):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _write_log_entries_to_file(file: TextIO, log_entries: list[LogEntry]):
+        """Formats logs into the Cloud Logging structured log format, and writes them to the
+        specified file-like object
+
+        See https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/structured-logging
+        """
+        # TODO: this is not resilient to exceptions which can cause recursion when using OTel's
+        # logging handler. See
+        # https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/issues/4261 for outstanding
+        # issue in OTel.
+
+        for entry in log_entries:
+            json_dict: dict[str, Any] = {}
+
+            # These are not added in export() so not added to the JSON here.
+            # - httpRequest
+            # - logging.googleapis.com/sourceLocation
+            # - logging.googleapis.com/operation
+            # - logging.googleapis.com/insertId
+
+            # https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/agent/logging/configuration#timestamp-processing
+            timestamp = cast(DatetimeWithNanoseconds, entry.timestamp)
+            json_dict["time"] = timestamp.rfc3339()
+
+            json_dict["severity"] = LogSeverity.Name(
+                cast(LogSeverity.ValueType, entry.severity)
+            )
+            json_dict["logging.googleapis.com/labels"] = dict(entry.labels)
+            json_dict["logging.googleapis.com/spanId"] = entry.span_id
+            json_dict[
+                "logging.googleapis.com/trace_sampled"
+            ] = entry.trace_sampled
+            json_dict["logging.googleapis.com/trace"] = entry.trace
+
+            if entry.text_payload:
+                json_dict["message"] = entry.text_payload
+            if entry.json_payload:
+                json_dict.update(
+                    MessageToDict(LogEntry.pb(entry).json_payload)
+                )
+
+            # Use dumps to avoid invalid json written to the stream if serialization fails for any reason
+            file.write(
+                json.dumps(json_dict, separators=(",", ":"), sort_keys=True)
+                + "\n"
+            )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _write_log_entries_to_client(
+        client: LoggingServiceV2Client, log_entries: list[LogEntry]
+    ):
         batch: list[LogEntry] = []
         batch_byte_size = 0
         for entry in log_entries:
@@ -302,7 +401,7 @@ def _write_log_entries(self, log_entries: list[LogEntry]):
                 continue
             if msg_size + batch_byte_size > DEFAULT_MAX_REQUEST_SIZE:
                 try:
-                    self.client.write_log_entries(
+                    client.write_log_entries(
                         WriteLogEntriesRequest(
                             entries=batch, partial_success=True
                         )
@@ -319,7 +418,7 @@ def _write_log_entries(self, log_entries: list[LogEntry]):
                 batch_byte_size += msg_size
         if batch:
             try:
-                self.client.write_log_entries(
+                client.write_log_entries(
                     WriteLogEntriesRequest(entries=batch, partial_success=True)
                 )
             # pylint: disable=broad-except
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_gen_ai_body.json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_gen_ai_body[client].json
similarity index 100%
rename from opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_gen_ai_body.json
rename to opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_gen_ai_body[client].json
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_gen_ai_body[structured_json].json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_gen_ai_body[structured_json].json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1fa1c19d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_gen_ai_body[structured_json].json
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+[
+  {
+    "gen_ai.input.messages": [
+      {
+        "parts": [
+          {
+            "content": "Get weather details in New Delhi and San Francisco?",
+            "type": "text"
+          }
+        ],
+        "role": "user"
+      },
+      {
+        "parts": [
+          {
+            "arguments": {
+              "location": "New Delhi"
+            },
+            "id": "get_current_weather_0",
+            "name": "get_current_weather",
+            "type": "tool_call"
+          },
+          {
+            "arguments": {
+              "location": "San Francisco"
+            },
+            "id": "get_current_weather_1",
+            "name": "get_current_weather",
+            "type": "tool_call"
+          }
+        ],
+        "role": "model"
+      },
+      {
+        "parts": [
+          {
+            "id": "get_current_weather_0",
+            "response": {
+              "content": "{\"temperature\": 35, \"unit\": \"C\"}"
+            },
+            "type": "tool_call_response"
+          },
+          {
+            "id": "get_current_weather_1",
+            "response": {
+              "content": "{\"temperature\": 25, \"unit\": \"C\"}"
+            },
+            "type": "tool_call_response"
+          }
+        ],
+        "role": "user"
+      }
+    ],
+    "gen_ai.output.messages": [
+      {
+        "finish_reason": "stop",
+        "parts": [
+          {
+            "content": "The current temperature in New Delhi is 35°C, and in San Francisco, it is 25°C.",
+            "type": "text"
+          }
+        ],
+        "role": "model"
+      }
+    ],
+    "gen_ai.system_instructions": [
+      {
+        "content": "You are a clever language model",
+        "type": "text"
+      }
+    ],
+    "logging.googleapis.com/labels": {
+      "event.name": "gen_ai.client.inference.operation.details"
+    },
+    "logging.googleapis.com/spanId": "",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace": "",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace_sampled": false,
+    "severity": "DEFAULT",
+    "time": "2025-01-15T21:25:10.997977393Z"
+  }
+]
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_non_json_dict_bytes.json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_non_json_dict_bytes[client].json
similarity index 100%
rename from opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_non_json_dict_bytes.json
rename to opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_non_json_dict_bytes[client].json
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_non_json_dict_bytes[structured_json].json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_non_json_dict_bytes[structured_json].json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4a262aef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_non_json_dict_bytes[structured_json].json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[
+  {
+    "logging.googleapis.com/labels": {},
+    "logging.googleapis.com/spanId": "",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace": "",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace_sampled": false,
+    "message": "MTIz",
+    "severity": "DEFAULT",
+    "time": "2025-01-15T21:25:10.997977393Z"
+  }
+]
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_otlp_dict_body.json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_otlp_dict_body[client].json
similarity index 100%
rename from opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_otlp_dict_body.json
rename to opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_otlp_dict_body[client].json
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_otlp_dict_body[structured_json].json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_otlp_dict_body[structured_json].json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..843245b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_otlp_dict_body[structured_json].json
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+[
+  {
+    "kvlistValue": {
+      "bytes_field": "Ynl0ZXM=",
+      "repeated_bytes_field": [
+        "Ynl0ZXM=",
+        "Ynl0ZXM=",
+        "Ynl0ZXM="
+      ],
+      "values": [
+        {
+          "key": "content",
+          "value": {
+            "stringValue": "You're a helpful assistant."
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    "logging.googleapis.com/labels": {
+      "event.name": "random.genai.event",
+      "gen_ai.system": "true",
+      "test": "23"
+    },
+    "logging.googleapis.com/spanId": "0000000000000016",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace": "projects/fakeproject/traces/00000000000000000000000000000019",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace_sampled": false,
+    "severity": "ERROR",
+    "time": "2025-01-15T21:25:10.997977393Z"
+  }
+]
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_otlp_various_different_types_in_attrs_and_bytes_body.json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_otlp_various_different_types_in_attrs_and_bytes_body[client].json
similarity index 100%
rename from opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_otlp_various_different_types_in_attrs_and_bytes_body.json
rename to opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_otlp_various_different_types_in_attrs_and_bytes_body[client].json
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_otlp_various_different_types_in_attrs_and_bytes_body[structured_json].json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_otlp_various_different_types_in_attrs_and_bytes_body[structured_json].json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7fa6b200
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_otlp_various_different_types_in_attrs_and_bytes_body[structured_json].json
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[
+  {
+    "Classe": [
+      "Email addresses",
+      "Passwords"
+    ],
+    "CreationDate": "2012-05-05",
+    "Date": "2016-05-21T21:35:40Z",
+    "Link": "http://some_link.com",
+    "LogoType": "png",
+    "Ref": 164611595.0,
+    "logging.googleapis.com/labels": {
+      "boolArray": "[true,false,true,true]",
+      "float": "25.43231",
+      "int": "25",
+      "intArray": "[21,18,23,17]"
+    },
+    "logging.googleapis.com/spanId": "",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace": "",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace_sampled": false,
+    "severity": "DEFAULT",
+    "time": "2025-01-15T21:25:10.997977393Z"
+  }
+]
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_attributes.json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_attributes[client].json
similarity index 100%
rename from opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_attributes.json
rename to opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_attributes[client].json
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_attributes[structured_json].json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_attributes[structured_json].json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cd8b0c3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_attributes[structured_json].json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[
+  {
+    "logging.googleapis.com/labels": {
+      "a": "[{\"key\":\"Ynl0ZXM=\"}]",
+      "b": "[true,false,false,true]",
+      "c": "{\"a_dict\":\"abcd\",\"akey\":1234}",
+      "d": "{\"gen_ai.input.messages\":[{\"role\":\"user\",\"parts\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"content\":\"Get weather details in New Delhi and San Francisco?\"}]},{\"role\":\"model\",\"parts\":[{\"type\":\"tool_call\",\"arguments\":{\"location\":\"New Delhi\"},\"name\":\"get_current_weather\",\"id\":\"get_current_weather_0\"},{\"type\":\"tool_call\",\"arguments\":{\"location\":\"San Francisco\"},\"name\":\"get_current_weather\",\"id\":\"get_current_weather_1\"}]},{\"role\":\"user\",\"parts\":[{\"type\":\"tool_call_response\",\"response\":{\"content\":\"{\\\"temperature\\\": 35, \\\"unit\\\": \\\"C\\\"}\"},\"id\":\"get_current_weather_0\"},{\"type\":\"tool_call_response\",\"response\":{\"content\":\"{\\\"temperature\\\": 25, \\\"unit\\\": \\\"C\\\"}\"},\"id\":\"get_current_weather_1\"}]}],\"gen_ai.system_instructions\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"content\":\"You are a clever language model\"}],\"gen_ai.output.messages\":[{\"role\":\"model\",\"parts\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"content\":\"The current temperature in New Delhi is 35\\u00b0C, and in San Francisco, it is 25\\u00b0C.\"}],\"finish_reason\":\"stop\"}]}"
+    },
+    "logging.googleapis.com/spanId": "",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace": "",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace_sampled": false,
+    "severity": "DEFAULT",
+    "time": "2025-01-15T21:25:10.997977393Z"
+  }
+]
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[None].json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[client-None].json
similarity index 100%
rename from opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[None].json
rename to opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[client-None].json
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[bool].json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[client-bool].json
similarity index 100%
rename from opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[bool].json
rename to opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[client-bool].json
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[list_of_bools].json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[client-list_of_bools].json
similarity index 100%
rename from opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[list_of_bools].json
rename to opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[client-list_of_bools].json
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[list_of_dicts_with_bytes].json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[client-list_of_dicts_with_bytes].json
similarity index 100%
rename from opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[list_of_dicts_with_bytes].json
rename to opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[client-list_of_dicts_with_bytes].json
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[list_of_mixed_sequence].json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[client-list_of_mixed_sequence].json
similarity index 100%
rename from opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[list_of_mixed_sequence].json
rename to opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[client-list_of_mixed_sequence].json
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[str].json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[client-str].json
similarity index 100%
rename from opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[str].json
rename to opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[client-str].json
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[structured_json-None].json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[structured_json-None].json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..805d458b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[structured_json-None].json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[
+  {
+    "logging.googleapis.com/labels": {},
+    "logging.googleapis.com/spanId": "",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace": "",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace_sampled": false,
+    "severity": "DEFAULT",
+    "time": "2025-01-15T21:25:10.997977393Z"
+  }
+]
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[structured_json-bool].json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[structured_json-bool].json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2a6821e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[structured_json-bool].json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[
+  {
+    "logging.googleapis.com/labels": {},
+    "logging.googleapis.com/spanId": "",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace": "",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace_sampled": false,
+    "message": "true",
+    "severity": "DEFAULT",
+    "time": "2025-01-15T21:25:10.997977393Z"
+  }
+]
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[structured_json-list_of_bools].json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[structured_json-list_of_bools].json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c29f540e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[structured_json-list_of_bools].json
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[
+  {
+    "logging.googleapis.com/labels": {},
+    "logging.googleapis.com/spanId": "",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace": "",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace_sampled": false,
+    "my_dict": [
+      true,
+      false,
+      false,
+      true
+    ],
+    "severity": "DEFAULT",
+    "time": "2025-01-15T21:25:10.997977393Z"
+  }
+]
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[structured_json-list_of_dicts_with_bytes].json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[structured_json-list_of_dicts_with_bytes].json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ea2182bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[structured_json-list_of_dicts_with_bytes].json
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+[
+  {
+    "logging.googleapis.com/labels": {},
+    "logging.googleapis.com/spanId": "",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace": "",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace_sampled": false,
+    "my_dict": [
+      {
+        "key": "Ynl0ZXM="
+      }
+    ],
+    "severity": "DEFAULT",
+    "time": "2025-01-15T21:25:10.997977393Z"
+  }
+]
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[structured_json-list_of_mixed_sequence].json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[structured_json-list_of_mixed_sequence].json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e7001ddc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[structured_json-list_of_mixed_sequence].json
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[
+  {
+    "logging.googleapis.com/labels": {},
+    "logging.googleapis.com/spanId": "",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace": "",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace_sampled": false,
+    "my_dict": [
+      true,
+      "str",
+      1.0,
+      0.234
+    ],
+    "severity": "DEFAULT",
+    "time": "2025-01-15T21:25:10.997977393Z"
+  }
+]
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[structured_json-str].json b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[structured_json-str].json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..56fd88b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/__snapshots__/test_cloud_logging/test_convert_various_types_of_bodies[structured_json-str].json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[
+  {
+    "logging.googleapis.com/labels": {},
+    "logging.googleapis.com/spanId": "",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace": "",
+    "logging.googleapis.com/trace_sampled": false,
+    "message": "A text body",
+    "severity": "DEFAULT",
+    "time": "2025-01-15T21:25:10.997977393Z"
+  }
+]
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/conftest.py b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/conftest.py
index a23c6dbc..48889dd4 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/conftest.py
@@ -12,8 +12,14 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-# pylint: disable=unused-import
+import pytest
+
+pytest.register_assert_rewrite("fixtures.cloud_logging_fake")
 
 # import fixtures to be made available to other tests
-from fixtures.cloud_logging_fake import fixture_cloudloggingfake
-from fixtures.snapshot_logging_calls import fixture_snapshot_writelogentrycalls
+from fixtures.cloud_logging_fake import (  # noqa: E402 pylint: disable=wrong-import-position
+    fixture_cloudloggingfake,
+    fixture_export_and_assert_snapshot,
+)
+
+__all__ = ["fixture_cloudloggingfake", "fixture_export_and_assert_snapshot"]
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/fixtures/cloud_logging_fake.py b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/fixtures/cloud_logging_fake.py
index 7ecf64f9..72858fb9 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/fixtures/cloud_logging_fake.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/fixtures/cloud_logging_fake.py
@@ -11,14 +11,17 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+import json
 from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from functools import partial
-from typing import Callable, Iterable, List, cast
+from io import StringIO
+from typing import Callable, Iterable, List, Sequence, cast
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import grpc
 import pytest
+from fixtures.snapshot_logging_calls import WriteLogEntryCallSnapshotExtension
 from google.cloud.logging_v2.services.logging_service_v2.transports.grpc import (
     LoggingServiceV2GrpcTransport,
 )
@@ -34,6 +37,9 @@
     unary_unary_rpc_method_handler,
 )
 from opentelemetry.exporter.cloud_logging import CloudLoggingExporter
+from opentelemetry.sdk._logs import LogData
+from syrupy.assertion import SnapshotAssertion
+from syrupy.extensions.json import JSONSnapshotExtension
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -125,3 +131,41 @@ def fixture_cloudloggingfake() -> Iterable[CloudLoggingFake]:
     finally:
         if server:
             server.stop(None)
+
+
+ExportAndAssertSnapshot = Callable[[Sequence[LogData]], None]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(
+    name="export_and_assert_snapshot", params=["client", "structured_json"]
+)
+def fixture_export_and_assert_snapshot(
+    request: pytest.FixtureRequest,
+    snapshot: SnapshotAssertion,
+) -> ExportAndAssertSnapshot:
+    if request.param == "client":
+        cloudloggingfake: CloudLoggingFake = request.getfixturevalue(
+            "cloudloggingfake"
+        )
+
+        def export_and_assert_snapshot(log_data: Sequence[LogData]) -> None:
+            cloudloggingfake.exporter.export(log_data)
+
+            assert cloudloggingfake.get_calls() == snapshot(
+                extension_class=WriteLogEntryCallSnapshotExtension
+            )
+
+        return export_and_assert_snapshot
+
+    # pylint: disable=function-redefined
+    def export_and_assert_snapshot(log_data: Sequence[LogData]) -> None:
+        buf = StringIO()
+        exporter = CloudLoggingExporter(
+            project_id=PROJECT_ID, structured_json_file=buf
+        )
+        exporter.export(log_data)
+        buf.seek(0)
+        as_dict = [json.loads(line) for line in buf]
+        assert as_dict == snapshot(extension_class=JSONSnapshotExtension)
+
+    return export_and_assert_snapshot
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/fixtures/snapshot_logging_calls.py b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/fixtures/snapshot_logging_calls.py
index eb6dd44d..35bf2a83 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/fixtures/snapshot_logging_calls.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/fixtures/snapshot_logging_calls.py
@@ -12,10 +12,9 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from typing import List, Optional, cast
 
-import pytest
-from fixtures.cloud_logging_fake import WriteLogEntriesCall
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional, cast
+
 from google.protobuf import json_format
 from syrupy.extensions.json import JSONSnapshotExtension
 from syrupy.types import (
@@ -25,6 +24,9 @@
     SerializedData,
 )
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from fixtures.cloud_logging_fake import WriteLogEntriesCall
+
 
 # pylint: disable=too-many-ancestors
 class WriteLogEntryCallSnapshotExtension(JSONSnapshotExtension):
@@ -43,12 +45,6 @@ def serialize(
                     call.write_log_entries_request
                 )
             )
-            for call in cast(List[WriteLogEntriesCall], data)
+            for call in cast(List["WriteLogEntriesCall"], data)
         ]
         return super().serialize(json, exclude=exclude, matcher=matcher)
-
-
-@pytest.fixture(name="snapshot_writelogentrycalls")
-def fixture_snapshot_writelogentrycalls(snapshot):
-    """Fixture for snapshot testing of WriteLogEntriesCalls"""
-    return snapshot.use_extension(WriteLogEntryCallSnapshotExtension)()
diff --git a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/test_cloud_logging.py b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/test_cloud_logging.py
index 0f6d5b01..6149ff4c 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/test_cloud_logging.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-exporter-gcp-logging/tests/test_cloud_logging.py
@@ -26,10 +26,15 @@
 Be sure to review the changes.
 """
 import re
-from typing import List, Mapping, Union
+from io import StringIO
+from textwrap import dedent
+from typing import Mapping, Union
 
 import pytest
-from fixtures.cloud_logging_fake import CloudLoggingFake, WriteLogEntriesCall
+from fixtures.cloud_logging_fake import (
+    CloudLoggingFake,
+    ExportAndAssertSnapshot,
+)
 from google.auth.credentials import AnonymousCredentials
 from google.cloud.logging_v2.services.logging_service_v2 import (
     LoggingServiceV2Client,
@@ -138,9 +143,30 @@ def test_too_large_log_raises_warning(caplog) -> None:
     )
 
 
+def test_user_agent(cloudloggingfake: CloudLoggingFake) -> None:
+    cloudloggingfake.exporter.export(
+        [
+            LogData(
+                log_record=LogRecord(
+                    body="abc",
+                    resource=Resource({}),
+                ),
+                instrumentation_scope=InstrumentationScope("test"),
+            )
+        ]
+    )
+    for call in cloudloggingfake.get_calls():
+        assert (
+            re.match(
+                r"^opentelemetry-python \S+; google-cloud-logging-exporter \S+ grpc-python/\S+",
+                call.user_agent,
+            )
+            is not None
+        )
+
+
 def test_convert_otlp_dict_body(
-    cloudloggingfake: CloudLoggingFake,
-    snapshot_writelogentrycalls: List[WriteLogEntriesCall],
+    export_and_assert_snapshot: ExportAndAssertSnapshot,
 ) -> None:
     log_data = [
         LogData(
@@ -172,21 +198,11 @@ def test_convert_otlp_dict_body(
             instrumentation_scope=InstrumentationScope("test"),
         )
     ]
-    cloudloggingfake.exporter.export(log_data)
-    assert cloudloggingfake.get_calls() == snapshot_writelogentrycalls
-    for call in cloudloggingfake.get_calls():
-        assert (
-            re.match(
-                r"^opentelemetry-python \S+; google-cloud-logging-exporter \S+ grpc-python/\S+",
-                call.user_agent,
-            )
-            is not None
-        )
+    export_and_assert_snapshot(log_data)
 
 
 def test_convert_otlp_various_different_types_in_attrs_and_bytes_body(
-    cloudloggingfake: CloudLoggingFake,
-    snapshot_writelogentrycalls: List[WriteLogEntriesCall],
+    export_and_assert_snapshot: ExportAndAssertSnapshot,
 ) -> None:
     log_data = [
         LogData(
@@ -203,13 +219,11 @@ def test_convert_otlp_various_different_types_in_attrs_and_bytes_body(
             instrumentation_scope=InstrumentationScope("test"),
         )
     ]
-    cloudloggingfake.exporter.export(log_data)
-    assert cloudloggingfake.get_calls() == snapshot_writelogentrycalls
+    export_and_assert_snapshot(log_data)
 
 
 def test_convert_non_json_dict_bytes(
-    cloudloggingfake: CloudLoggingFake,
-    snapshot_writelogentrycalls: List[WriteLogEntriesCall],
+    export_and_assert_snapshot: ExportAndAssertSnapshot,
 ) -> None:
     log_data = [
         LogData(
@@ -220,13 +234,11 @@ def test_convert_non_json_dict_bytes(
             instrumentation_scope=InstrumentationScope("test"),
         )
     ]
-    cloudloggingfake.exporter.export(log_data)
-    assert cloudloggingfake.get_calls() == snapshot_writelogentrycalls
+    export_and_assert_snapshot(log_data)
 
 
 def test_convert_gen_ai_body(
-    cloudloggingfake: CloudLoggingFake,
-    snapshot_writelogentrycalls: List[WriteLogEntriesCall],
+    export_and_assert_snapshot: ExportAndAssertSnapshot,
 ) -> None:
     log_data = [
         LogData(
@@ -238,8 +250,7 @@ def test_convert_gen_ai_body(
             instrumentation_scope=InstrumentationScope("test"),
         )
     ]
-    cloudloggingfake.exporter.export(log_data)
-    assert cloudloggingfake.get_calls() == snapshot_writelogentrycalls
+    export_and_assert_snapshot(log_data)
 
 
 def test_is_log_id_valid():
@@ -290,8 +301,7 @@ def test_pick_log_id() -> None:
     ],
 )
 def test_convert_various_types_of_bodies(
-    cloudloggingfake: CloudLoggingFake,
-    snapshot_writelogentrycalls: List[WriteLogEntriesCall],
+    export_and_assert_snapshot: ExportAndAssertSnapshot,
     body: Union[str, bool, None, Mapping],
 ) -> None:
     log_data = [
@@ -303,13 +313,11 @@ def test_convert_various_types_of_bodies(
             instrumentation_scope=InstrumentationScope("test"),
         )
     ]
-    cloudloggingfake.exporter.export(log_data)
-    assert cloudloggingfake.get_calls() == snapshot_writelogentrycalls
+    export_and_assert_snapshot(log_data)
 
 
 def test_convert_various_types_of_attributes(
-    cloudloggingfake: CloudLoggingFake,
-    snapshot_writelogentrycalls: List[WriteLogEntriesCall],
+    export_and_assert_snapshot: ExportAndAssertSnapshot,
 ) -> None:
     log_data = [
         LogData(
@@ -325,5 +333,37 @@ def test_convert_various_types_of_attributes(
             instrumentation_scope=InstrumentationScope("test"),
         )
     ]
-    cloudloggingfake.exporter.export(log_data)
-    assert cloudloggingfake.get_calls() == snapshot_writelogentrycalls
+    export_and_assert_snapshot(log_data)
+
+
+def test_structured_json_lines():
+    buf = StringIO()
+    exporter = CloudLoggingExporter(
+        project_id=PROJECT_ID, structured_json_file=buf
+    )
+    exporter.export(
+        [
+            LogData(
+                log_record=LogRecord(
+                    event_name="foo",
+                    timestamp=1736976310997977393,
+                    severity_number=SeverityNumber(20),
+                    trace_id=25,
+                    span_id=22,
+                    attributes={"key": f"{i}"},
+                    body="hello",
+                ),
+                instrumentation_scope=InstrumentationScope("test"),
+            )
+            for i in range(5)
+        ]
+    )
+    assert buf.getvalue() == dedent(
+        """\
+        {"logging.googleapis.com/labels":{"event.name":"foo","key":"0"},"logging.googleapis.com/spanId":"0000000000000016","logging.googleapis.com/trace":"projects/fakeproject/traces/00000000000000000000000000000019","logging.googleapis.com/trace_sampled":false,"message":"hello","severity":"ERROR","time":"2025-01-15T21:25:10.997977393Z"}
+        {"logging.googleapis.com/labels":{"event.name":"foo","key":"1"},"logging.googleapis.com/spanId":"0000000000000016","logging.googleapis.com/trace":"projects/fakeproject/traces/00000000000000000000000000000019","logging.googleapis.com/trace_sampled":false,"message":"hello","severity":"ERROR","time":"2025-01-15T21:25:10.997977393Z"}
+        {"logging.googleapis.com/labels":{"event.name":"foo","key":"2"},"logging.googleapis.com/spanId":"0000000000000016","logging.googleapis.com/trace":"projects/fakeproject/traces/00000000000000000000000000000019","logging.googleapis.com/trace_sampled":false,"message":"hello","severity":"ERROR","time":"2025-01-15T21:25:10.997977393Z"}
+        {"logging.googleapis.com/labels":{"event.name":"foo","key":"3"},"logging.googleapis.com/spanId":"0000000000000016","logging.googleapis.com/trace":"projects/fakeproject/traces/00000000000000000000000000000019","logging.googleapis.com/trace_sampled":false,"message":"hello","severity":"ERROR","time":"2025-01-15T21:25:10.997977393Z"}
+        {"logging.googleapis.com/labels":{"event.name":"foo","key":"4"},"logging.googleapis.com/spanId":"0000000000000016","logging.googleapis.com/trace":"projects/fakeproject/traces/00000000000000000000000000000019","logging.googleapis.com/trace_sampled":false,"message":"hello","severity":"ERROR","time":"2025-01-15T21:25:10.997977393Z"}
+        """
+    ), "Each `LogData` should be on its own line"