Nginx.md

https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/start/topics/tutorials/commandline/

Binary is usualy found at:

/usr/bin/nginx # Or at:
/usr/sbin/nginx

Or find the one that is working:
ps -ef|grep nginx

Service controle:
/etc/init.d/nginx

To test the conf files but not running them:
nginx -t

Stop nginx (Graceful Shutdown):
/usr/bin/nginx -s stop

Or:
kill -QUIT $( cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid )

To apply a command to Nginx:
service nginx <command>
Where <command> could be any of these {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}.

Similarly you could use systemctl restart nginx.
Where "service is an "high-level" command used for starting and stopping services in different unixes and linuxes. Depending on the "lower-level" service manager, service redirects on different binaries".
And "systemctl give greater control options".
More here.

Language

• Variables
• Main Directives

Examples

Simple http (not https) static server:

server {
  server_name _;

  listen 80 default_server; # For IPv4.
  listen [::]:80 default_server; # For ipV6, where `[::]` is a IPv6 wildcard address.

  # The following two lines could be put in the `location /` sub section.
  root /var/www/landing;
  index index.html;

  location / {
    # First attempt to serve request as file, then
    # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
    try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
  }
}

Here the folder containing the files for the site is /var/www/landing.

Simple https static server:

server {
  server_name _;

  # Comment the following two lines if you want to disallow the use of http.
  listen 80 default_server;
  listen [::]:80 default_server;

  listen               443 ssl;
  listen               [::]:443 ssl;
  client_max_body_size 50m;
  ssl_protocols        TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
  ssl_ciphers          HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
  ssl_certificate_key  /etc/nginx/certificates/{your_domain}.key;
  ssl_certificate      /etc/nginx/certificates/{your_domain}.pem;

  location / {
    root /var/www/landing;
    index index.html;

    # First attempt to serve request as file, then
    # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
    try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
  }
}

Add this sub part to your server conf to ensure that files ending with a specific extension (here .md) are rendered as text/plain instead of being downloaded:

  # Ensure .md files are treated as text/plain.
  location ~ \.md$ {
    charset utf-8;

    types {
      text/plain md;
    }

    # Extra layer of reliability to ensure that all
    # clients environments will display the file
    # instead of downloading it.
    add_header Content-Disposition "inline" always;
  }

Add this sub part to your server conf to redirect the request to a program server locally (here on port 3000):

  location / {
    resolver 127.0.0.11 valid=30s;
    set $urlDestination 127.0.0.1:3000;

    proxy_pass          http://$urlDestination;
    proxy_redirect      off;
    proxy_set_header    Host $host;
    proxy_set_header    X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-Host $server_name;
    proxy_set_header    X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
  }

Replace this with the static version from the examples above such as something like this:

  location / {
    # First attempt to serve request as file, then
    # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
    try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
  }

Add the following on top of your TLS conf to redirect any http to https (yes you should have two server {} sub section then):

server {
  listen  80 default_server;
  listen  [::]:80 default_server;
  server_name _;

  location / {
    return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
  }
}

More about configuration files.

Logs

Default both access and error logs can be found under /var/log/nginx.

Good doc on logs with Nginx.

Todo

• Default logs positions.
• Various default conf files in addition of the sites' specific ones (default enabled, general conf, nginx conf, yes 3 of them, which does not include the conf for sites).
  • /etc/nginx/nginx.conf : configuration among all others. A conf file set in sites-enabled is just merely overiding this one parameter by parameter.
• /etc/nginx/conf.d/ : Could be used to put files splited by features. Then later included in a conf as such :

include conf.d/http;
include conf.d/stream;
include conf.d/exchange-enhanced;

• Be able to update projects from git webhooks.
• Be able to render Markdown when asking for a .md file. But output it raw if asked like myfile.md?raw.
• Be able to share tmp projects.