Merge pull request #12 from Tachibana-Kousuke/main

模块化知识/小说类文本-2025-2-10

Author: A-Penguin-Egg

_site/LICENSE

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_site/README.md

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+# 星舟Starship｜在数字宇宙中发现新世界
+
+👏欢迎来到「星舟Starship」wiki网站的仓库主页
+
+本项目基于Mkdocs
+
+## 联系管理员
+
+telegram  @howcamz

_site/docs/Chinese/Chinese-intro.md

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+这里是「语文」部分的内容，包含：笔记、名著专项、作文专项。
+
+【桌面端请点击左侧目录跳转，移动端请点击左上角三道杠打开目录】

_site/docs/Chinese/Dawn-Blossoms-Plucked-at-Dusk.md

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+# 《朝花夕拾》知识点梳理
+
+## 内容精要
+
+**《朝花夕拾》**的作品记述了作者童年的生活和青年时求学的历程，追忆那些难于忘怀的人和事，抒发了对往日亲友和师长的怀念之情。作品在夹叙夹议中，对反动、守旧势力进行了抨击和嘲讽。第一篇作品《狗•猫•鼠》是针对“正人君子”的攻击引发的，嘲讽了他们散布的“流言”，表述了对猫“尽情折磨”弱者、“到处噑叫”、时而“一副媚态”等特性的憎恶；追忆童年时救养的一只可爱的隐鼠遭到摧残的经历和感受。表现了对弱小者的同情和对暴虐者的憎恨。
+
+**《阿长与(山海经)》**忆述儿时与保姆长妈妈相处的情景，描写了长妈妈善良、朴实而又迷信、唠叨、“满肚子是麻烦的礼节”的性格；对她寻购赠送自己渴求已久的绘图《山海经》之情，充满了尊敬和感激。文章用深情的语言，表达了对这位劳动妇女的真诚的怀念。
+
+**《二十四孝图》**从当时的儿童读物谈起，忆述儿时阅读《二十四孝图》的感受，揭示封建孝道的虚伪和残酷。作品着重分析了“卧冰求鲤”、“老莱娱亲”、“郭巨埋儿”等孝道故事，指斥这类封建孝道不顾儿童的性命，将“肉麻当作有趣”，“以不情为伦纪，诬蔑了古人，教坏了后人”。作品对当时反对白话文、提倡复古的倾向予以了尖锐的抨击。
+
+**《五猖会》**记述儿时盼望观看迎神赛会的急切、兴奋的心情，和被父亲强迫背诵《鉴略》的扫兴而痛苦的感受。指出强制的封建教育对儿童天性的压制和摧残。
+
+**《无常》**描述儿时在乡间迎神会和戏剧舞台上所见的“无常”形象，说明“无常”这个“鬼而人，理而情”，爽直而公正的形象受到民众的喜爱，是因为人间没有公正，恶人得不到恶报，而“公正的裁判是在阴间”。文章在夹叙夹议中，对打着“公理”、“正义”旗号的“正人君子”予以了辛辣的嘲讽。
+
+**《从百草园到三味书屋》**描述了儿时在家中百草园得到的乐趣和在三味书屋读书的乏味生活，揭示儿童广阔的生活趣味与束缚儿童天性的封建书塾教育的尖锐矛盾，表达了应让儿童健康活泼地成长的合理要求。
+
+**《父亲的病》**回忆儿时为父亲延医治病的情景，描述了几位“名医”的行医态度、作风、开方等种种表现，揭示了这些人巫医不分、故弄玄虚、勒索钱财、草菅人命的实质。
+
+**《琐记》**忆叙鲁迅为了寻找“另一类的人们”而到南京求学的经过。作品描述了当时的江南水师学堂(后改名为雷电学校)和矿务铁路学堂的种种弊端和求知的艰难，批评了洋务派办学的“乌烟瘴气”。作者记述了最初接触进化论的兴奋心情和不顾老辈反对，如饥如渴地阅读《天演论》的情景，表现出探求真理的强烈欲望。
+
+**《藤野先生》**记录作者在日本留学时期的学习生活，叙述在仙台医专受日本学生歧视、侮辱和决定弃医从文的经过。作者突出地记述日本老师藤野先生的严谨、正直、热诚、没有民族偏见的高尚品格，说“他的性格，在我的眼里和心里是伟大的，虽然他的姓名并不为许多人所知道”。表达了对藤野先生深情的怀念。
+
+**《范爱农》**追叙作者在日留学时和回国后与范爱农接触的几个生活片段，描述了范爱农在革命前不满黑暗社会、追求革命，辛亥革命后又备受打击迫害的遭遇，表现了对旧民主革命的失望和对这位正直倔强的爱国者的同情和悼念。
+
+ 
+
+## 主题归纳
+
+**1、充满趣味的童心世界**
+
+①《狗·猫·鼠》例如写动物们开会商议如何左迎接大象的故事和祖母跟同“我”讲述关于猫的故事，都充满童心；其中也体现“我”喜欢小动物。
+
+②《从百草园到三味书屋》“百草园是儿童的乐园”
+
+③《无常》中表现“我”对连环画、花纸、民间故事、迎神赛会和目连戏等，都有着浓烈的兴趣与爱好。
+
+④《五猖会》我对观看五猖会怀着急切兴奋的心情。
+
+**2、压抑伤害的现实世界**
+
+①《五猖会》“背书”一段中父母不懂孩子心理，自以为教育得法，却严重地伤害了孩子的心灵。
+
+②《琐记》为逃避偷东西的流言到中西学堂学习。
+
+③《二十四孝图》控诉了封建教育对童心的毒害和扭曲。
+
+④《范爱农》范爱农在辛亥革命后又备受打击迫害的遭遇。
+
+**3、探求抉择的人生道路**
+
+①《琐记》求学的过程
+
+②《父亲的病》父亲被庸医治死，使“我”立志学医救人。
+
+③《藤野先生》 到东京学医，后来又弃医从文。以唤醒国民精神为己任。
+
+**4、揭露批判的社会现实**
+
+①《父亲的病》中对“庸医”的讽刺；
+
+②《狗·猫·鼠》讽刺了“ 名人教授”，表达了对暴虐者的憎恨。
+
+③《琐记》衍太太：居心险恶的人；批评了洋务派办学的“乌烟瘴气”
+
+④《无常》文章在回忆无常的时候，时不时加进几句对现实所谓正人君子的讽刺，揭露了“鬼有情，而人无情”的社会现实。
+
+⑤《五猖会》批判封建教育对儿童天性的压制和摧残。
+
+ 
+
+## 人物形象
+
+《朝花夕拾》中出现的五个主要人物，是作者的保姆（长妈妈）、恩师（藤野先生）、朋友（范爱农）、父亲和邻居（衍太太）。
+
+**长妈妈**——她是一个勤劳、善良、开朗、纯朴的深受封建礼教束缚的旧时代农村妇女。她有愚昧迷信的一面，但也保存着朴实善良的爱，令作者永生难忘。从长妈妈的身上，我们看到了鲁迅对底层劳动人民的感情：他既揭示他们身上愚昧麻木的一面，也歌颂他们身上美好善良的一面。（《阿长与<山海经>》）“我”对她表现出尊敬和同情。 　　
+
+**藤野先生**——一位日本医学教授，因为表现出平等待人的态度，因为关心弱国子民的学业，他朴素而伟大的人格令人肃然起敬。他所做的一切都很平凡，没有民族歧视，如果我们设身处地地想象鲁迅当时的处境，便不难感受到这位老师的伟大之处。总之，他是一位具有严谨、正直、热诚、没有民族偏见的大学教授，“我”对他表示深深地怀念之情。 （《藤野先生》）　　
+
+**范爱农**——一位觉醒的知识分子，也是一位正直倔强的爱国者，但是无法在黑暗社会立足。他无法与狂人一样，最终与这个社会妥协，也无法像N先生一样忘却，所以他的内心痛苦、悲凉，我们和鲁迅先生一样，疑心他是自杀的。 “我”对他表示同情和悼念。 （《范爱农》）
+
+**父亲**——父亲曾让童年鲁迅困惑过，他深受封建思想影响，对“我”的学业严格而固执，因为在他兴高采烈地要去看五猖会时，勒令他背书。但是，鲁迅从来没有指责过自己的父亲。他忏悔的是自己没有让父亲安静地死去，这让他的心灵永远不安永远痛苦。由此我们可以感到鲁迅先生对父亲强烈的爱。（《五猖会》）（《父亲的病》）
+
+**衍太太**——给鲁迅看不健康的画，唆使鲁迅偷母亲的首饰变卖。而衍太太自己的孩子顽皮弄脏了自己的衣服，衍太太却是要打骂的。鲁迅表面上赞扬她，实际心中却是鄙视衍太太的，因为这是个自私自利，多嘴多舌，喜欢使坏的妇人。（《琐记》）