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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: common-requirements.md
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## Title
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Common Requirements
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## Context
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Many projects are trying to use common code. There is a shared repository that all the projects access. This pattern applies if there is a Strong Code Owner [pattern to be written] or if there is weak code ownership, or no Benevolent Sponsor [pattern to be written]. Someone (or some project) wrote the code in the first place and contributed it to the repository. The common code is a small percentage of the overall deliverable from any of the projects. Each project has its own delivery schedule, set of deliverables and customers.
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## Patlet
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Common code in a shared repository isn't meeting the needs of all the project-teams that want to use it; this is solved through requirements alignment and refactoring.
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## Problem Statement
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## Problem
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The common code in the shared repository isn't meeting the needs of all the projects that want to use it.
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## Context
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Many projects are trying to use common code. There is a shared repository that all the projects access. This pattern applies if there is a Strong Code Owner [pattern to be written] or if there is weak code ownership, or no Benevolent Sponsor [pattern to be written]. Someone (or some project) wrote the code in the first place and contributed it to the repository. The common code is a small percentage of the overall deliverable from any of the projects. Each project has its own delivery schedule, set of deliverables and customers.
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## Forces
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The project that made the code available has one set of needs. Its needs are similar to what some of the receiving organization wants, but not quite the same.
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The project that made the code available has one set of needs. Its needs are similar to what some of the receiving organization wants, but not quite the same.
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Requirements on code should be derivable from real customer needs.
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The needs of different customers are generally quite similar; however they might be expressed differently or weighted differently between customers. An example might be how some customers want some result presented in one way while others want it presented in the reverse order---it's simple to do the translation between them, but requires additional coding for one of the cases and the as a result the module that computes the result can't be reused by both customers.
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Many customers want the supplier to help them know what they need. The company has many “Systems Engineers” writing requirements for the products. These requirements are supposed to be a distillation of customer needs to guide development of the product.
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Many customers want the supplier to help them know what they need. The company has many “Systems Engineers” writing requirements for the products. These requirements are supposed to be a distillation of customer needs to guide development of the product.
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Reusing code is an important goal to save the company time and money.
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## Solution
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The program managers rewrite the story to better express their needs---keeping the essence the same. By the time it returns to developers though they don't recognize it as what they wanted to do in the first place and so balk at implementing it. The solution to this pattern is to have more seats around the planning table so that story modifications are understood across the project not just in the developer or program manager camps.
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: contracted-contributor.md
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## Title
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_Contracted Contributor_
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_Contracted Contributor_
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## Patlet
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Associates wanting to contribute to InnerSource are discouraged from doing so by their line management. Relief is provided by formal contracts and agreements.
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## Problem
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Without support by middle management, the total number of contributors and, as
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a result, the amount of contributions made and value generated by the
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InnerSource initiative will likely fall below expectation of top level
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management. This will likely be amplified if there is no adequate funding for
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and empowerment of [Dedicated Community Leaders](dedicated-community-leader.md).
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This runs the risk of top level management abandoning the InnerSource idea.
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## Context
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A large corporation has started an InnerSource initiative. Major goals for the
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Contributions to InnerSource projects are expected to be made during working
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hours, not during free time.
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## Problem
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Without support by middle management, the total number of contributors and, as
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a result, the amount of contributions made and value generated by the
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InnerSource initiative will likely fall below expectation of top level
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management. This will likely be amplified if there is no adequate funding for
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and empowerment of [Dedicated Community Leaders](dedicated-community-leader.md).
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This runs the risk of top level management abandoning the InnerSource idea.
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## Forces
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- Managers are held responsible for the results of their business units.
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managers to reach or exceed their goals.
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- Line managers and HR will, by default, judge the performance of their
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subordinates against their business units goals, which might not be aligned
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with the goals of the InnerSource community.
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with the goals of the InnerSource community.
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- The less executive air cover a line manager perceives he has, the less likely
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is he or she to have his or her staff participate in InnerSource activities
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which contribute to another business unit.
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- The less transparency and control a line manager has of work done by one of
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her subordinates, the less likely is she to allow her to contribute.
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her subordinates, the less likely is she to allow her to contribute.
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- The less formally work in InnerSource is managed and organised, the less
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likely a line manager who is accustomed to formal processes is to sign off on
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one of her employees contributing to InnerSource.
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- The more time an associate spends on contributions to an InnerSource project
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which does not benefit his day-to-day work, the more will the workload for
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his teammates in his business unit increase.
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- Individual contributors will likely consider participating in InnerSource
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as an opportunity to enhance their professional netowrk within the company
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and to gain knowledege and experience in the technical area of her
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as an opportunity to enhance their professional netowrk within the company
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and to gain knowledege and experience in the technical area of her
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contributions.
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## Solution
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Set up a formal contracting between the contributor, their line manager and a
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centrally funded and steered InnerSource governance office (ISGO). Have the
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ISGO reimburse business units who contracted contributors for the contracted
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time.
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time.
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- The contracting specifies a maximum percentage of the associates work time in
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InnerSource.
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InnerSource.
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- The contracting clearly states that work in the contributor's business unit
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takes precendence over work in InnerSource.
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- The contracting states that it is not required to work in InnerSource for the
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## Resulting Context
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A formal contracting and centrally funded reimbursements convincingly
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communicating the organizations support for the InnerSource initiative, thus
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communicating the organizations support for the InnerSource initiative, thus
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empowering middle management to sign off on it:
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- Allocation of corporate funds to business units for reimbursement of
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development capacity signals to line managers that InnerSource is deemed
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valuable by the organization, that it has executive air cover and that they
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are expected to support it, too.
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- A formal contracting signals that work in InnerSource is managed
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- A formal contracting signals that work in InnerSource is managed
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professionally and inspires trust.
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- A formal contracting increases transparency and provides a better overview
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about the associate's available capacity for his business unit and
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Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: dedicated-community-leader.md
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alternative:_Dedicated Community Leader_
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## Patlet
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Select people with both communications and technical skills to lead the communities to ensure success in starting an InnerSource initiative.
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Select people with both communications and technical skills to lead the communities to ensure success in starting an InnerSource initiative.
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## Problem
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## Story
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Consider the following story. A company wants to start an InnerSource initiative in order to foster collaboration across organizational boundaries. They have decided to start with an experimental phase with limited scope. Management has selected a suitable pilot topic for the first InnerSource community and expects contributions from many business units across the organization. The company has nominated a new hire to head the community for 50 % of his work time, because he was not yet 100 % planned for. After 6 months, the community has received only a few contributions, most of which are from a single business unit. The company replaces the community leader with someone who has a longer history in the company, this time for only 30 % of his time. After another 6 months, the number of contributions has picked up only marginally. The company is no longer convinced that InnerSource helps to achieve their goal of increased, cross divisional collaboration and abandons InnerSource.
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Consider the following story. A company wants to start an InnerSource initiative in order to foster collaboration across organizational boundaries. They have decided to start with an experimental phase with limited scope. Management has selected a suitable pilot topic for the first InnerSource community and expects contributions from many business units across the organization. The company has nominated a new hire to head the community for 50 % of his work time, because he was not yet 100 % planned for. After 6 months, the community has received only a few contributions, most of which are from a single business unit. The company replaces the community leader with someone who has a longer history in the company, this time for only 30 % of his time. After another 6 months, the number of contributions has picked up only marginally. The company is no longer convinced that InnerSource helps to achieve their goal of increased, cross divisional collaboration and abandons InnerSource.
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## Context
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If a community can not grow fast enough and pick up enough speed, chances are they won't be able to convincingly demonstrate the potential of InnerSource.
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If the company selects an experienced project or line manager steeped in traditional management methods to be the community leader, he or she is likely to focus on traditional management topics such as resource allocation, providing structure and reporting channels rather than leading by example through meritocratic principles. This will undermine the credibility of the InnerSource initiative in the eyes of developers.
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If the company selects an experienced project or line manager steeped in traditional management methods to be the community leader, he or she is likely to focus on traditional management topics such as resource allocation, providing structure and reporting channels rather than leading by example through meritocratic principles. This will undermine the credibility of the InnerSource initiative in the eyes of developers.
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## Solution
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Select a community leader who:
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- is experienced in the Open Source working model or similar community based working models,
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- is experienced in the Open Source working model or similar community based working models,
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- has the required soft-skills to act as a natural leader,
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- leads by example and thus justifies his position in the community meritocracy,
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- is an excellent networker,
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## Resulting Context
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A community leader with the properties described above will lend a face and embody the companies commitment to InnerSource. It will make it more likely that other associates in his network will follow his lead and contribute to InnerSource. Over time, he or she will be able to build up a stable core team of developers and hence increase the chances of success for the InnerSource project. By convincingly a large enough audience within his company of the potential of InnerSource, he or she will make an important contribution to changing the company culture towards a community culture.
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A community leader with the properties described above will lend a face and embody the companies commitment to InnerSource. It will make it more likely that other associates in his network will follow his lead and contribute to InnerSource. Over time, he or she will be able to build up a stable core team of developers and hence increase the chances of success for the InnerSource project. By convincingly a large enough audience within his company of the potential of InnerSource, he or she will make an important contribution to changing the company culture towards a community culture.
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Having excellent and dedicated community leaders is a precondition for the success of InnerSource. It is, however, not a silver bullet. There are many challenges of InnerSource which are above and beyond what a community leader can tackle, such as budgetary, legal, fiscal or other organizational challenges.
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