Structure Preserving Color Normalization is a technique described in [Vahadane et al., 2016](https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2016.2529665) and modified in [Ramakrishnan et al., 2019](https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.03088). The idea is to model the color of an image pixel as something close to pure white, which is reduced in intensity in a color-specific way via an optical absorption model that depends upon the amounts of hematoxylin and eosin that are present. [Non-negative matrix factorization](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-negative_matrix_factorization) is used on each analyzed image to simultaneously derive the amount of hematoxylin and eosin stain at each pixel and the image-wide effective colors of each stain.
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