docs: add comprehensive development guide

Add .claude/CLAUDE.md with:
- Development workflow and commands
- Technology stack (uv, ruff, ty, prek)
- Architecture overview
- Testing and publishing guidelines
- Key implementation details
- Contributing guidelines

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: JacobCoffee