diff --git a/components/resources/library/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/jetbrains/compose/resources/StringResourcesUtils.kt b/components/resources/library/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/jetbrains/compose/resources/StringResourcesUtils.kt
index b4304c4e59b..7c5e150b5a5 100644
--- a/components/resources/library/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/jetbrains/compose/resources/StringResourcesUtils.kt
+++ b/components/resources/library/src/commonMain/kotlin/org/jetbrains/compose/resources/StringResourcesUtils.kt
@@ -4,9 +4,27 @@ import org.jetbrains.compose.resources.plural.PluralCategory
 import kotlin.io.encoding.Base64
 import kotlin.io.encoding.ExperimentalEncodingApi
 
-private val SimpleStringFormatRegex = Regex("""%(\d+)\$[ds]""")
-internal fun String.replaceWithArgs(args: List<String>) = SimpleStringFormatRegex.replace(this) { matchResult ->
-    args[matchResult.groupValues[1].toInt() - 1]
+private val SimpleStringFormatRegex = Regex("""%(?:([1-9]\d*)\$)?[ds]""")
+internal fun String.replaceWithArgs(args: List<String>): String {
+    if (!SimpleStringFormatRegex.containsMatchIn(this)) return this
+
+    return SimpleStringFormatRegex.replace(this) { match ->
+        val placeholderNumber = match.groups[1]?.value?.toIntOrNull()
+        val index = when {
+            placeholderNumber != null -> placeholderNumber - 1
+            args.size == 1 -> 0
+            else -> {
+                throw IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Formatting failed: Non-positional placeholder '${match.value}' is ambiguous when multiple arguments are provided in \"$this\""
+                )
+            }
+        }
+        args.getOrElse(index) {
+            throw IllegalArgumentException(
+                "Formatting failed: Placeholder '${match.value}' at position ${index + 1} is out of bounds. Only ${args.size} argument(s) provided for format string \"$this\""
+            )
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 internal sealed interface StringItem {
@@ -23,7 +41,7 @@ internal fun dropStringItemsCache() {
 
 internal suspend fun getStringItem(
     resourceItem: ResourceItem,
-    resourceReader: ResourceReader
+    resourceReader: ResourceReader,
 ): StringItem = stringItemsCache.getOrLoad(
     key = "${resourceItem.path}/${resourceItem.offset}-${resourceItem.size}"
 ) {
diff --git a/components/resources/library/src/commonTest/kotlin/org/jetbrains/compose/resources/StringFormatTest.kt b/components/resources/library/src/commonTest/kotlin/org/jetbrains/compose/resources/StringFormatTest.kt
index a326e84e7b8..a98145e06ec 100644
--- a/components/resources/library/src/commonTest/kotlin/org/jetbrains/compose/resources/StringFormatTest.kt
+++ b/components/resources/library/src/commonTest/kotlin/org/jetbrains/compose/resources/StringFormatTest.kt
@@ -52,9 +52,13 @@ class StringFormatTest {
         val template = "Hello %1\$s, %2\$s!"
         val args = listOf("Alice")
 
-        assertFailsWith<IndexOutOfBoundsException> {
+        val exception = assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
             template.replaceWithArgs(args)
         }
+        assertEquals(
+            "Formatting failed: Placeholder '%2\$s' at position 2 is out of bounds. Only 1 argument(s) provided for format string \"Hello %1\$s, %2\$s!\"",
+            exception.message
+        )
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -72,9 +76,13 @@ class StringFormatTest {
         val template = "Hello %1\$s, you have %3\$s messages"
         val args = listOf("Alice")
 
-        assertFailsWith<IndexOutOfBoundsException> {
+        val exception = assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
             template.replaceWithArgs(args)
         }
+        assertEquals(
+            "Formatting failed: Placeholder '%3\$s' at position 3 is out of bounds. Only 1 argument(s) provided for format string \"Hello %1\$s, you have %3\$s messages\"",
+            exception.message
+        )
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -142,9 +150,13 @@ class StringFormatTest {
         val args = listOf("Alice")
 
         // An exception should be thrown because the second argument (%2$d) is missing
-        assertFailsWith<IndexOutOfBoundsException> {
+        val exception = assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
             template.replaceWithArgs(args)
         }
+        assertEquals(
+            "Formatting failed: Placeholder '%2\$d' at position 2 is out of bounds. Only 1 argument(s) provided for format string \"Hello %1\$s, you have %2\$d messages!\"",
+            exception.message
+        )
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -154,9 +166,13 @@ class StringFormatTest {
         val args = listOf("Alice", "1")
 
         // The template has a %3$s placeholder, but there is no third argument
-        assertFailsWith<IndexOutOfBoundsException> {
+        val exception = assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
             template.replaceWithArgs(args)
         }
+        assertEquals(
+            "Formatting failed: Placeholder '%3\$s' at position 3 is out of bounds. Only 2 argument(s) provided for format string \"Hello %1\$s, your rank is %3\$s\"",
+            exception.message
+        )
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -180,4 +196,44 @@ class StringFormatTest {
         // Only the first argument should be used, ignoring the rest
         assertEquals("Hello Alice!", result)
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+
+    @Test
+    fun `replaceWithArgs handle single argument format`() {
+        val template = "Hello %s!"
+        val args = listOf("Alice")
+
+        val result = template.replaceWithArgs(args)
+
+        assertEquals("Hello Alice!", result)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `replaceWithArgs handle multiple placeholders for single argument`() {
+        val template = "%s and %s are best friends!"
+        val args = listOf("Alice")
+
+        val result = template.replaceWithArgs(args)
+
+        assertEquals("Alice and Alice are best friends!", result)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `replaceWithArgs throw exception when multiple different arguments with single placeholder format`() {
+        val template = "Hello %s, you have %d new messages!"
+        val args = listOf("Alice", "15")
+
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            template.replaceWithArgs(args)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun `replaceWithArgs throw exception when mixing single and multiple placeholders format`() {
+        val template = "Hello %1\$s, you have %s new messages!"
+        val args = listOf("Alice", "15")
+
+        assertFailsWith<IllegalArgumentException> {
+            template.replaceWithArgs(args)
+        }
+    }
+}