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The ideal wheel joint models the behavior of a wheel rolling on a x,y-plane whose contact patch has slip-dependent friction characteristics. This is an approximation for wheels with a rim and a rubber tire.
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The force depends with friction characteristics on the slip. The slip is split into two components:
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- lateral slip: the lateral velocity divided by the rolling velocity.
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- longitudinal slip: the longitudinal slip velocity divided by the rolling velocity.
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For low rolling velocity this definition become ill-conditioned. Hence a dry-friction model is used for low rolling velocities. For zero rolling velocity, the intitialization might fail if automatic differentiation is used. Either start with a non-zero (but tiny) rolling velocity or pass `autodiff=false` to the solver.
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The radius of the wheel can be specified by the parameter `radius`. The driving direction (for `phi = 0`) can be specified by the parameter `r`. The normal load is set by `N`.
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The wheel contains a 2D connector `frame_a` for the steering on the plane. The rolling motion of the wheel can be actuated by the 1D connector `flange_a`.
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In addition there is an input `dynamicLoad` for a dynamic component of the normal load.
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