add require_lock call to maybe_loaded_precompile (#56027)

If we expect this to be a public API
(https://github.com/timholy/Revise.jl for some reason is trying to
access this state), we should lock around it for consistency with the
other similar functions.

Needed for timholy/Revise.jl#856

(cherry picked from commit 4cdd864)

Author: vtjnash

base/loading.jl

@@ -2417,12 +2417,13 @@ is_root_module(m::Module) = @lock require_lock haskey(module_keys, m)
 root_module_key(m::Module) = @lock require_lock module_keys[m]
 
 function maybe_loaded_precompile(key::PkgId, buildid::UInt128)
-    assert_havelock(require_lock)
+    @lock require_lock begin
     mods = get(loaded_precompiles, key, nothing)
     mods === nothing && return
     for mod in mods
         module_build_id(mod) == buildid && return mod
     end
+    end
 end
 
 function module_build_id(m::Module)