Compiler: fix tmerge(Const(s), Const(t)) st. (s !== t) && (s == t) (#56915)

Updates #56913

Author: nsajko

Compiler/src/typelimits.jl

@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ end
 @nospecializeinfer function tmerge_partial_struct(𝕃::PartialsLattice, @nospecialize(typea), @nospecialize(typeb))
     aty = widenconst(typea)
     bty = widenconst(typeb)
-    if aty === bty
+    if aty === bty && !isType(aty)
         if typea isa PartialStruct
             if typeb isa PartialStruct
                 nflds = min(length(typea.fields), length(typeb.fields))
@@ -605,9 +605,6 @@ end
         for i = 1:nflds
             ai = getfield_tfunc(𝕃, typea, Const(i))
             bi = getfield_tfunc(𝕃, typeb, Const(i))
-            # N.B.: We're assuming here that !isType(aty), because that case
-            # only arises when typea === typeb, which should have been caught
-            # before calling this.
             ft = fieldtype(aty, i)
             if is_lattice_equal(𝕃, ai, bi) || is_lattice_equal(𝕃, ai, ft)
                 # Since ai===bi, the given type has no restrictions on complexity.

Compiler/test/inference.jl

@@ -2295,13 +2295,20 @@ let 𝕃ᵢ = InferenceLattice(MustAliasesLattice(BaseInferenceLattice.instance)
     @test tmerge(MustAlias(2, AliasableField{Any}, 1, Int), Const(nothing)) === Union{Int,Nothing}
     @test tmerge(Const(nothing), MustAlias(2, AliasableField{Any}, 1, Any)) === Any
     @test tmerge(Const(nothing), MustAlias(2, AliasableField{Any}, 1, Int)) === Union{Int,Nothing}
+    tmerge(Const(AbstractVector{<:Any}), Const(AbstractVector{T} where {T}))  # issue #56913
     @test isa_tfunc(MustAlias(2, AliasableField{Any}, 1, Bool), Const(Bool)) === Const(true)
     @test isa_tfunc(MustAlias(2, AliasableField{Any}, 1, Bool), Type{Bool}) === Const(true)
     @test isa_tfunc(MustAlias(2, AliasableField{Any}, 1, Int), Type{Bool}) === Const(false)
     @test ifelse_tfunc(MustAlias(2, AliasableField{Any}, 1, Bool), Int, Int) === Int
     @test ifelse_tfunc(MustAlias(2, AliasableField{Any}, 1, Int), Int, Int) === Union{}
 end
 
+@testset "issue #56913: `BoundsError` in type inference" begin
+    R = UnitRange{Int}
+    @test Type{AbstractVector} == Base.infer_return_type(Base.promote_typeof, Tuple{R, R, Vector{Any}, Vararg{R}})
+    @test Type{AbstractVector} == Base.infer_return_type(Base.promote_typeof, Tuple{R, R, Vector{Any}, R, Vararg{R}})
+end
+
 maybeget_mustalias_tmerge(x::AliasableField) = x.f
 maybeget_mustalias_tmerge(x) = x
 @test Base.return_types((Union{Nothing,AliasableField{Any}},); interp=MustAliasInterpreter()) do x