additional functionality

[simonbyrne]

Part of my reason for #7 was to make it easier to extend. Some other functions we should provide:

• dot_kbn: compute the dot-products using double-double, then sum up using Kahan summation
• mean_kbn: divide the extended-precision sum using a 2-div style, so that mean_kbn(fill(0.1,10)) == 0.1

[goerch]

I'm interested in #7, because it allows simple parallelization with something like

psum_kbn(f, X) = singleprec(Folds.mapreduce(f, InitialValues.asmonoid(plus_kbn), X))
psum_kbn(X) = psum_kbn(identity, X)

Is there anything wrong with the PR besides the fact that singleprec(x::TwicePrecisionN{T}) where {T} = x.hi - x.nlo is better suited for AD?

[Artoria2e5]

Parallel sum over multiple subsets of the input is also good for SIMD, which you probably won't get from Folds.jl executors..