Merge pull request #85 from DominiqueMakowski/master

Add "a" parameter to softplus()  #83

Author: tpapp

docs/src/index.md

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ logcosh
 logabssinh
 log1psq
 log1pexp
+softplus
+invsoftplus
 log1mexp
 log2mexp
 logexpm1

ext/LogExpFunctionsChangesOfVariablesExt.jl

@@ -8,11 +8,25 @@ function ChangesOfVariables.with_logabsdet_jacobian(::typeof(log1pexp), x::Real)
     y = log1pexp(x)
     return y, x - y
 end
+function ChangesOfVariables.with_logabsdet_jacobian(::typeof(softplus), x::Real)
+    return ChangesOfVariables.with_logabsdet_jacobian(log1pexp, x)
+end
+function ChangesOfVariables.with_logabsdet_jacobian(f::Base.Fix2{typeof(softplus),<:Real}, x::Real)
+    y = f(x)
+    return y, f.x * (x - y)
+end
 
 function ChangesOfVariables.with_logabsdet_jacobian(::typeof(logexpm1), x::Real)
     y = logexpm1(x)
     return y, x - y
 end
+function ChangesOfVariables.with_logabsdet_jacobian(::typeof(invsoftplus), x::Real)
+    return ChangesOfVariables.with_logabsdet_jacobian(logexpm1, x)
+end
+function ChangesOfVariables.with_logabsdet_jacobian(f::Base.Fix2{typeof(invsoftplus),<:Real}, x::Real)
+    y = f(x)
+    return y, f.x * (x - y)
+end
 
 function ChangesOfVariables.with_logabsdet_jacobian(::typeof(log1mexp), x::Real)
     y = log1mexp(x)

ext/LogExpFunctionsInverseFunctionsExt.jl

@@ -22,4 +22,14 @@ InverseFunctions.inverse(::typeof(logitexp)) = loglogistic
 InverseFunctions.inverse(::typeof(log1mlogistic)) = logit1mexp
 InverseFunctions.inverse(::typeof(logit1mexp)) = log1mlogistic
 
+InverseFunctions.inverse(::typeof(softplus)) = invsoftplus
+function InverseFunctions.inverse(f::Base.Fix2{typeof(softplus),<:Real})
+    Base.Fix2(invsoftplus, f.x)
+end
+
+InverseFunctions.inverse(::typeof(invsoftplus)) = softplus
+function InverseFunctions.inverse(f::Base.Fix2{typeof(invsoftplus),<:Real})
+    Base.Fix2(softplus, f.x)
+end
+
 end # module

src/basicfuns.jl

@@ -165,6 +165,9 @@ Return `log(1+exp(x))` evaluated carefully for largish `x`.
 This is also called the ["softplus"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifier_(neural_networks))
 transformation, being a smooth approximation to `max(0,x)`. Its inverse is [`logexpm1`](@ref).
 
+This is also called the ["softplus"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifier_(neural_networks))
+transformation (in its default parametrization, see [`softplus`](@ref)), being a smooth approximation to `max(0,x)`. 
+
 See:
  * Martin Maechler (2012) [“Accurately Computing log(1 − exp(− |a|))”](http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Rmpfr/vignettes/log1mexp-note.pdf)
 """
@@ -257,8 +260,27 @@ Return `log(exp(x) - 1)` or the “invsoftplus” function.  It is the inverse o
 logexpm1(x::Real) = x <= 18.0 ? log(_expm1(x)) : x <= 33.3 ? x - exp(-x) : oftype(exp(-x), x)
 logexpm1(x::Float32) = x <= 9f0 ? log(expm1(x)) : x <= 16f0 ? x - exp(-x) : oftype(exp(-x), x)
 
-const softplus = log1pexp
-const invsoftplus = logexpm1
+"""
+$(SIGNATURES)
+
+The generalized `softplus` function (Wiemann et al., 2024) takes an additional optional parameter `a` that control 
+the approximation error with respect to the linear spline. It defaults to `a=1.0`, in which case the softplus is 
+equivalent to [`log1pexp`](@ref).
+
+See:
+ * Wiemann, P. F., Kneib, T., & Hambuckers, J. (2024). Using the softplus function to construct alternative link functions in generalized linear models and beyond. Statistical Papers, 65(5), 3155-3180.
+"""
+softplus(x::Real) = log1pexp(x)
+softplus(x::Real, a::Real) = log1pexp(a * x) / a
+
+"""
+$(SIGNATURES)
+
+The inverse generalized `softplus` function (Wiemann et al., 2024). See [`softplus`](@ref).
+"""
+invsoftplus(y::Real) = logexpm1(y)
+invsoftplus(y::Real, a::Real) = logexpm1(a * y) / a
+
 
 """
 $(SIGNATURES)

test/basicfuns.jl

@@ -161,6 +161,16 @@ end
     end
 end
 
+@testset "softplus" begin
+    for T in (Int, Float64, Float32, Float16)
+        @test @inferred(softplus(T(2))) === log1pexp(T(2))
+        @test @inferred(softplus(T(2), 1)) isa float(T)
+        @test @inferred(softplus(T(2), 1)) ≈ softplus(T(2))
+        @test @inferred(softplus(T(2), 5)) ≈ softplus(5 * T(2)) / 5
+        @test @inferred(softplus(T(2), 10)) ≈ softplus(10 * T(2)) / 10
+    end
+end
+
 @testset "log1mexp" begin
     for T in (Float64, Float32, Float16)
         @test @inferred(log1mexp(-T(1))) isa T
@@ -186,6 +196,16 @@ end
     end
 end
 
+@testset "invsoftplus" begin
+    for T in (Int, Float64, Float32, Float16)
+        @test @inferred(invsoftplus(T(2))) === logexpm1(T(2))
+        @test @inferred(invsoftplus(T(2), 1)) isa float(T)
+        @test @inferred(invsoftplus(T(2), 1)) ≈ invsoftplus(T(2))
+        @test @inferred(invsoftplus(T(2), 5)) ≈ invsoftplus(5 * T(2)) / 5
+        @test @inferred(invsoftplus(T(2), 10)) ≈ invsoftplus(10 * T(2)) / 10
+    end
+end
+
 @testset "log1pmx" begin
     @test iszero(log1pmx(0.0))
     @test log1pmx(1.0) ≈ log(2.0) - 1.0

test/inverse.jl

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 @testset "inverse.jl" begin
     InverseFunctions.test_inverse(log1pexp, randn())
+    InverseFunctions.test_inverse(softplus, randn())
+    InverseFunctions.test_inverse(Base.Fix2(softplus, randexp()), randn())
+
     InverseFunctions.test_inverse(logexpm1, randexp())
+    InverseFunctions.test_inverse(invsoftplus, randexp())
+    InverseFunctions.test_inverse(Base.Fix2(invsoftplus, randexp()), randexp())
 
     InverseFunctions.test_inverse(log1mexp, -randexp())
 

test/with_logabsdet_jacobian.jl

@@ -1,12 +1,23 @@
 @testset "with_logabsdet_jacobian" begin
     derivative(f, x) = ChainRulesTestUtils.frule((ChainRulesTestUtils.NoTangent(), 1), f, x)[2]
+    derivative(::typeof(softplus), x) = derivative(log1pexp, x)
+    derivative(f::Base.Fix2{typeof(softplus),<:Real}, x) = derivative(log1pexp, f.x * x)
+    derivative(::typeof(invsoftplus), x) = derivative(logexpm1, x)
+    derivative(f::Base.Fix2{typeof(invsoftplus),<:Real}, x) = derivative(logexpm1, f.x * x)
 
     x = randexp()
+    y = randexp()
 
     ChangesOfVariables.test_with_logabsdet_jacobian(log1pexp, x, derivative)
     ChangesOfVariables.test_with_logabsdet_jacobian(log1pexp, -x, derivative)
+    ChangesOfVariables.test_with_logabsdet_jacobian(softplus, x, derivative)
+    ChangesOfVariables.test_with_logabsdet_jacobian(softplus, -x, derivative)
+    ChangesOfVariables.test_with_logabsdet_jacobian(Base.Fix2(softplus, y), x, derivative)
+    ChangesOfVariables.test_with_logabsdet_jacobian(Base.Fix2(softplus, y), -x, derivative)
 
     ChangesOfVariables.test_with_logabsdet_jacobian(logexpm1, x, derivative)
+    ChangesOfVariables.test_with_logabsdet_jacobian(invsoftplus, x, derivative)
+    ChangesOfVariables.test_with_logabsdet_jacobian(Base.Fix2(invsoftplus, y), x, derivative)
 
     ChangesOfVariables.test_with_logabsdet_jacobian(log1mexp, -x, derivative)