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Merge pull request #136 from KratosMultiphysics/fsi/embedded-membrane-example
[FSI] Embedded membrane example
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‎fluid_structure_interaction/README.md‎

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## Validation Cases
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- [FSI lid driven cavity](https://github.com/KratosMultiphysics/Examples/blob/master/fluid_structure_interaction/validation/fsi_lid_driven_cavity/README.md)
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- [Flexible membrane airfoil (embedded)](https://github.com/KratosMultiphysics/Examples/blob/master/fluid_structure_interaction/validation/embedded_fsi_membrane_airfoil/README.md)
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- [Mixer with flexible blades (embedded)](https://github.com/KratosMultiphysics/Examples/blob/master/fluid_structure_interaction/validation/embedded_fsi_mixer_Y/README.md)
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- [Mok benchmark](https://github.com/KratosMultiphysics/Examples/blob/master/fluid_structure_interaction/validation/fsi_mok/README.md)
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- [Mok benchmark (embedded)](https://github.com/KratosMultiphysics/Examples/blob/master/fluid_structure_interaction/validation/embedded_fsi_mok/README.md)

‎fluid_structure_interaction/validation/embedded_fsi_membrane_airfoil/README.md‎

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# Mixer with flexible blades
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**Author:** [Rubén Zorrilla](https://github.com/rubenzorrilla)
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**Kratos version:** 9.1
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**Source files:** [Mixer with flexible blades](https://github.com/KratosMultiphysics/Examples/tree/master/fluid_structure_interaction/validation/embedded_fsi_mixer_Y/source)
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## Case Specification
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This example is specifically conceived to prove the extended scope of applicatoin of embedded mesh methods. Hence, it involves extremely large rotations, which would be impossible to solve by using a body fitted ALE based approach.
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The problem is set up as a 2D idealization of a turbine mixer with clockwise-anticlockwise alternate rotation. The problem geometry is a unit diameter circle with three embedded flexible blades. An imposed rotation is enforced in the blades axis to emulate the spin of the rotor. Such rotation changes the direction (anticlockwise to clockwise and viceversa) after More details on the dimensions, material settings and boundary conditions can be found in [here](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2020.113179).
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## Results
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The fluid domain is meshed with a 45 and 540 radial and perimeter subdivisions Q1P1 elements centered structured mesh. Each one of the flexible blades is meshed with an 8x39 subdivisions structured mesh made with Total Lagrangian quadrilateral elements. The problem is run for 20s so three complete rotations (anticlockwise - clockwise - anticlockwise) are simulated.
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The obtained velocity and pressure fields, together with the level set zero isosurface representing the deformed geometry, are shown below.
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<p align="center">
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<figure>
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<img src="data/embedded_fsi_mixer_Y_v.gif" alt="Velocity field and level set isosurface." style="width: 600px;"/>
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<figcaption>Velocity field and level set isosurface.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<figure>
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<img src="data/embedded_fsi_mixer_Y_p.gif" alt="Pressure field and level set isosurface." style="width: 600px;"/>
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<figcaption>Pressure field and level set isosurface.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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</p>
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## References
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R. Zorrilla, R. Rossi, R. Wüchner and E. Oñate, An embedded Finite Element framework for the resolution of strongly coupled Fluid–Structure Interaction problems. Application to volumetric and membrane-like structures, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering (368), [10.1016/j.cma.2020.113179](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2020.113179)

‎fluid_structure_interaction/validation/embedded_fsi_membrane_airfoil/data/embedded_fsi_membrane_airfoil_fluid_p.gif‎

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‎fluid_structure_interaction/validation/embedded_fsi_membrane_airfoil/data/embedded_fsi_membrane_airfoil_fluid_v.gif‎

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‎fluid_structure_interaction/validation/embedded_fsi_membrane_airfoil/data/embedded_fsi_membrane_airfoil_structure_u.gif‎

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‎fluid_structure_interaction/validation/embedded_fsi_membrane_airfoil/source/FluidMaterials.json‎

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{
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"properties" : [{
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart",
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"properties_id" : 0,
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"Material" : null
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},{
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart.FluidParts_Fluid",
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"properties_id" : 1,
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"Material" : {
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"constitutive_law" : {
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"name" : "Newtonian2DLaw"
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},
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"Variables" : {
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"DENSITY" : 1.0,
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"DYNAMIC_VISCOSITY" : 0.000155
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},
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"Tables" : null
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}
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}]
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}

‎fluid_structure_interaction/validation/embedded_fsi_membrane_airfoil/source/MainKratos.py‎

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import sys
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import math
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import time
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import importlib
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import KratosMultiphysics
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def CreateAnalysisStageWithFlushInstance(cls, global_model, parameters):
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class AnalysisStageWithFlush(cls):
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def __init__(self, model,project_parameters, flush_frequency=10.0):
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super().__init__(model,project_parameters)
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self.flush_frequency = flush_frequency
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self.last_flush = time.time()
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sys.stdout.flush()
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def Initialize(self):
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super().Initialize()
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sys.stdout.flush()
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def FinalizeSolutionStep(self):
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super().FinalizeSolutionStep()
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if self.parallel_type == "OpenMP":
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now = time.time()
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if now - self.last_flush > self.flush_frequency:
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sys.stdout.flush()
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self.last_flush = now
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return AnalysisStageWithFlush(global_model, parameters)
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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with open("ProjectParameters.json", 'r') as parameter_file:
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parameters = KratosMultiphysics.Parameters(parameter_file.read())
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analysis_stage_module_name = parameters["analysis_stage"].GetString()
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analysis_stage_class_name = analysis_stage_module_name.split('.')[-1]
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analysis_stage_class_name = ''.join(x.title() for x in analysis_stage_class_name.split('_'))
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analysis_stage_module = importlib.import_module(analysis_stage_module_name)
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analysis_stage_class = getattr(analysis_stage_module, analysis_stage_class_name)
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global_model = KratosMultiphysics.Model()
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simulation = CreateAnalysisStageWithFlushInstance(analysis_stage_class, global_model, parameters)
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simulation.Run()

‎fluid_structure_interaction/validation/embedded_fsi_membrane_airfoil/source/ProjectParameters.json‎

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{
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"analysis_stage" : "KratosMultiphysics.FSIApplication.fsi_analysis",
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"problem_data": {
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"problem_name": "embedded_fsi_membrane_airfoil",
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"parallel_type": "OpenMP",
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"echo_level": 0,
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"start_time": 0.0,
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"end_time": 1.0e0
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},
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"solver_settings": {
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"solver_type": "partitioned_embedded",
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"coupling_scheme": "dirichlet_neumann",
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"echo_level": 1,
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"structure_solver_settings": {
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"solver_type" : "Dynamic",
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"model_part_name" : "Structure",
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"domain_size" : 2,
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"echo_level" : 0,
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"analysis_type" : "non_linear",
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"time_integration_method" : "implicit",
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"scheme_type" : "bossak",
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"model_import_settings" : {
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"input_type": "mdpa",
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"input_filename": "embedded_fsi_membrane_airfoil_structure"
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},
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"material_import_settings": {
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"materials_filename": "StructuralMaterials.json"
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},
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"time_stepping": {
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"time_step": 5e-3
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},
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"line_search" : false,
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"convergence_criterion" : "residual_criterion",
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"displacement_relative_tolerance" : 1e-5,
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"displacement_absolute_tolerance" : 1e-7,
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"residual_relative_tolerance" : 1e-5,
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"residual_absolute_tolerance" : 1e-7,
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"max_iteration" : 20
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},
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"fluid_solver_settings":{
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart",
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"domain_size" : 2,
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"solver_type" : "Embedded",
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"model_import_settings" : {
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"input_type" : "mdpa",
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"input_filename" : "embedded_fsi_membrane_airfoil_fluid"
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},
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"material_import_settings": {
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"materials_filename": "FluidMaterials.json"
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},
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"distance_modification_settings": {
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"distance_threshold": 1.0e-3
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},
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"echo_level" : 0,
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"compute_reactions" : true,
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"maximum_iterations" : 10,
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"relative_velocity_tolerance" : 1e-5,
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"absolute_velocity_tolerance" : 1e-7,
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"relative_pressure_tolerance" : 1e-5,
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"absolute_pressure_tolerance" : 1e-7,
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"assign_neighbour_elements_to_conditions" : true,
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"volume_model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart.FluidParts_Fluid",
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"skin_parts" : ["FluidModelPart.AutomaticInlet2D_Inlet","FluidModelPart.Outlet2D_Outlet","FluidModelPart.VelocityConstraints2D_Walls"],
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"no_skin_parts" : [],
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"time_stepping" : {
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"automatic_time_step": false,
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"time_step": 5e-3
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},
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"formulation": {
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"element_type": "embedded_weakly_compressible_navier_stokes_discontinuous",
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"is_slip": true,
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"slip_length": 1.0e6,
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"penalty_coefficient": 1.0e3,
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"dynamic_tau": 1.0
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},
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"fm_ale_settings": {
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"fm_ale_step_frequency": 1,
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"mesh_movement": "implicit",
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"fm_ale_solver_settings": {
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"structure_model_part_name": "FSICouplingInterfaceFluid",
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"virtual_model_part_name": "VirtualModelPart",
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"linear_solver_settings": {
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"preconditioner_type": "amg",
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"solver_type": "amgcl",
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"smoother_type": "ilu0",
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"krylov_type": "cg",
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"max_iteration": 2000,
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"verbosity": 0,
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"tolerance": 1e-8,
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"scaling": false,
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"use_block_matrices_if_possible": true
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},
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"embedded_nodal_variable_settings": {
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"gradient_penalty_coefficient": 5.0e-2,
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"linear_solver_settings": {
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"preconditioner_type": "amg",
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"solver_type": "amgcl",
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"smoother_type": "ilu0",
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"krylov_type": "cg",
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"max_iteration": 2000,
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"verbosity": 0,
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"tolerance": 1e-8,
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"scaling": false,
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"block_size": 1,
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"use_block_matrices_if_possible": true
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}
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}
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}
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}
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},
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"coupling_settings":{
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"nl_tol": 1e-4,
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"nl_max_it": 10,
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"coupling_strategy_settings": {
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"solver_type": "MVQN",
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"w_0": 0.5,
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"abs_cut_off_tol" : 1e-6
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},
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"structure_interfaces_list": ["Structure.LinePressure2D_Load"]
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}
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},
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"processes":{
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"structure_constraints_process_list" : [{
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"python_module" : "assign_vector_variable_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics",
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"process_name" : "AssignVectorVariableProcess",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "Structure.DISPLACEMENT_EndPoints",
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"variable_name" : "DISPLACEMENT",
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"interval" : [0.0,"End"],
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"constrained" : [true,true,true],
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"value" : [0.0,0.0,0.0]
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}
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}],
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"structure_loads_process_list" : [],
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"fluid_initial_conditions_process_list" : [],
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"fluid_boundary_conditions_process_list" : [{
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"python_module" : "apply_inlet_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics.FluidDynamicsApplication",
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"process_name" : "ApplyInletProcess",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart.AutomaticInlet2D_Inlet",
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"variable_name" : "VELOCITY",
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"interval" : [0.0,"End"],
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"modulus" : 2.5833,
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"direction" : "automatic_inwards_normal"
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}
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},{
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"python_module" : "apply_outlet_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics.FluidDynamicsApplication",
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"process_name" : "ApplyOutletProcess",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart.Outlet2D_Outlet",
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"variable_name" : "PRESSURE",
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"constrained" : true,
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"value" : 0.0,
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"hydrostatic_outlet" : false,
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"h_top" : 0.0
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}
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},{
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"python_module" : "assign_vector_variable_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics",
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"process_name" : "AssignVectorVariableProcess",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart.VelocityConstraints2D_Walls",
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"variable_name" : "VELOCITY",
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"interval" : [0.0,"End"],
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"constrained" : [false,true,false],
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"value" : [null,0.0,null]
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}
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},{
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"python_module" : "assign_vector_variable_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics",
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"process_name" : "AssignVectorVariableProcess",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart.AutomaticInlet2D_Inlet",
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"variable_name" : "MESH_DISPLACEMENT",
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"interval" : [0.0,"End"],
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"constrained" : [true,true,false],
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"value" : [0.0,0.0,null]
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}
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},{
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"python_module" : "assign_vector_variable_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics",
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"process_name" : "AssignVectorVariableProcess",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart.Outlet2D_Outlet",
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"variable_name" : "MESH_DISPLACEMENT",
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"interval" : [0.0,"End"],
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"constrained" : [true,true,false],
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"value" : [0.0,0.0,null]
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}
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},{
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"python_module" : "assign_vector_variable_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics",
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"process_name" : "AssignVectorVariableProcess",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "FluidModelPart.VelocityConstraints2D_Walls",
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"variable_name" : "MESH_DISPLACEMENT",
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"interval" : [0.0,"End"],
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"constrained" : [true,true,false],
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"value" : [0.0,0.0,null]
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}
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}],
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"fluid_gravity" : [],
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"fluid_auxiliar_process_list" : [{
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"python_module": "apply_embedded_postprocess_process",
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"kratos_module": "KratosMultiphysics.FluidDynamicsApplication",
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"process_name": "ApplyEmbeddedPostprocessrocess",
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"Parameters": {
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"model_part_name": "FluidModelPart.FluidParts_Fluid"
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}
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}]
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},
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"output_processes":{
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"gid_output" : [{
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"python_module" : "gid_output_process",
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"kratos_module" : "KratosMultiphysics",
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"process_name" : "GiDOutputProcess",
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"Parameters" : {
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"model_part_name" : "Structure",
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"output_name" : "gordnier_membrane_structure",
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"postprocess_parameters" : {
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"result_file_configuration" : {
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"gidpost_flags" : {
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"GiDPostMode" : "GiD_PostBinary",
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"WriteDeformedMeshFlag" : "WriteDeformed",
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"WriteConditionsFlag" : "WriteConditions",
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"MultiFileFlag" : "SingleFile"
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},
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"file_label" : "time",
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"output_control_type" : "step",
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"output_interval" : 1,
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"body_output" : true,
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"node_output" : false,
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"skin_output" : false,
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"plane_output" : [],
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"nodal_results" : ["DISPLACEMENT","VELOCITY","ACCELERATION","REACTION","LINE_LOAD"],
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"gauss_point_results" : []
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},
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"point_data_configuration" : []
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}
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}
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},{
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"python_module": "gid_output_process",
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"kratos_module": "KratosMultiphysics",
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"process_name": "GiDOutputProcess",
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"Parameters": {
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"model_part_name": "FluidModelPart.FluidParts_Fluid",
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"output_name": "gordnier_membrane_fluid",
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"postprocess_parameters": {
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"result_file_configuration": {
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"gidpost_flags": {
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"GiDPostMode": "GiD_PostBinary",
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"WriteDeformedMeshFlag": "WriteDeformed",
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"WriteConditionsFlag": "WriteConditions",
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"MultiFileFlag": "SingleFile"
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},
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"file_label": "time",
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"output_control_type": "step",
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"output_interval" : 1,
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"body_output": true,
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"node_output": false,
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"skin_output": false,
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"plane_output": [],
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"nodal_results": ["VELOCITY","PRESSURE","MESH_VELOCITY"],
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"nodal_nonhistorical_results": [],
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"elemental_conditional_flags_results": [],
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"gauss_point_results": []
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},
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"point_data_configuration": []
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}
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}
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}]
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}
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}

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