[CI] MSVC update to latest release

[rfaasse]

To be able to use the latest language features and profit from the advancements in compilers, it's proposed to update the MSVC compiler in our pipelines to the latest release, currently Visual Studio 2022 17.14.

[roigcarlo]

Closed via #13549. For windows in particular, if you find a C++20 feature which doesn't compile in the CI please tell me directly, as we don't have the same fine grain control as with the linux containers.