diff --git a/applications/GeoMechanicsApplication/custom_constitutive/README_cap.md b/applications/GeoMechanicsApplication/custom_constitutive/README_cap.md new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..e316633f397e --- /dev/null +++ b/applications/GeoMechanicsApplication/custom_constitutive/README_cap.md @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ +### Compression cap hardening + +The standard Mohr–Coulomb yield surface characterizes shear failure in geomaterials by relating the shear stress $\tau$ on a potential failure plane to the corresponding normal stress $\sigma$. While suitable for frictional materials, the standard Mohr-Coulomb envelope lacks a mechanism to limit the admissible stress space under high compressive pressure. As a result, the standard Mohr-Coulomb model cannot represent the compaction, crushing, and plastic volumetric hardening that occur in soils and rocks under high confining stresses. + +To address this limitation, a compression cap is introduced. The cap provides a smooth closure of the yield surface in the high-compression regime. Here we describe the combined Mohr-Coulomb and cap yield surfaces. + +### Mohr–Coulomb yield surface + +In the $`(\sigma, \tau)`$ stress space, the Mohr-Coulomb yield surface is expressed as: + +```math + F_{MC}(\sigma, \tau) = \tau + \sigma \sin⁡{\phi} - c \cos⁡{\phi} = 0 +``` +where: + +- $`\sigma`$ = normal stress component +- $`\tau`$ = shear stress component +- $`c`$ = cohesion of material +- $`\phi`$ = friction angle + +In stress-invariant form, the MC yield function is typically written as: + +```math + F_{MC}(p, q) = q - \frac{6 \sin{\phi}}{3 - \sin{\phi}} p - \frac{6 c \cos⁡{\phi}}{3 - \sin{\phi}} +``` +where: + +- $`p = \frac{1}{3} tr(\sigma)`$ is the mean effective stress +- $`q = \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}\sigma':\sigma'}`$ is the norm of deviatoric stress tensor, where $`\sigma' = \sigma - p`$. + +This defines a hexagonal pyramid in principal stress space, but is shown as a straight line in the $`(\sigma, \tau)`$ stress space. + +### Compression cap concept +At high confining pressures, real geomaterials exhibit compaction and crushing rather than unlimited strength. The Mohr-Coulomb envelope alone allows unbounded compressive stresses. A cap yield surface introduces a limit to admissible volumetric compression and establishes a mechanism for volumetric plastic deformation. + +In $`p-q`$ stress-invariant space, the cap is defined as an ellipse (or a smooth rounded surface) closing the Mohr-Coulomb yield surface in the compressive regime. + +### Cap yield surface +An elliptical cap can be defined as: + +```math + F_{cap}(p, q) = \left( \frac{q}{X} \right)^2 + p^2 - p_c^2 +``` +where: + +- $`p_c`$ = cap position (preconsolidation pressure), +- $`X`$ = cap size parameter + +The cap intersects the MC surface. A linear hardening relation for the cap position can be written as: + +```math + p_c = p_{c0} + H \epsilon^p +``` +where: +- $`p_{c0}`$ = the initial cap position +- $`H`$ = the hardening modulus +- $`\epsilon^p`$ = the plastic volumetric strain + + +### Combined Mohr–Coulomb + cap yield surface + +The figure below shows a typical Mohr–Coulomb yield surface extended with tension cutoff and compression cap yield surfaces. In $(\sigma, \tau)$ coordinates: + +Mohr-Coulomb with tension cutoff + +Here, we need to convert the compression cap yield surface from $(p, q)$ coordinates to $(\sigma, \tau)$ coordinates. The conversion is to be followed ... + + +### Plastic Potential for the compression cap + +For the cap branch, plastic deformation is primarily volumetric (compaction), and the plastic potential is usually taken to be associated. The flow function is then: + +```math + G_{cap} \left(p, q \right) = F_{cap} \left(p, q \right) +``` +The derivative of the flow function is the: + +```math + \frac{\partial G_{cap}}{\partial \sigma} = \frac{2 q}{X^2} \frac{\partial q}{\partial \sigma} + 2 p \frac{\partial p}{\partial \sigma} +``` \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/applications/GeoMechanicsApplication/custom_constitutive/documentation_data/mohr-coulomb-with-tension-cutoff-and-cap_zones.svg b/applications/GeoMechanicsApplication/custom_constitutive/documentation_data/mohr-coulomb-with-tension-cutoff-and-cap_zones.svg new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..4ab8ee6d75df --- /dev/null +++ b/applications/GeoMechanicsApplication/custom_constitutive/documentation_data/mohr-coulomb-with-tension-cutoff-and-cap_zones.svg @@ -0,0 +1 @@ +ApexCorner point𝐹𝑡𝑐𝐹𝑀𝐶(𝝈,𝜙)𝜕𝐺𝑀𝐶𝜕𝝈𝜕𝐺𝑡𝑐𝜕𝝈RegularfailureTensilecorner returnTensileapex return𝜏=𝜎1𝜎32𝜎=𝜎1+𝜎32ElasticzoneTensilecutoff returnCompressioncap return𝜕𝐺𝑀𝐶𝜕𝝈𝜕𝐺𝑐𝑎𝑝𝜕𝝈Cap cornerreturnCap cornerpoint𝐹𝑐𝑎𝑝 \ No newline at end of file