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Merge branch 'naga' into fix/improve-signing-schemes-hashing
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‎docs/docs.json‎

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"learning-lit/on-chain-coordination-mechanisms",
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"learning-lit/communicating-with-lit-nodes",
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"learning-lit/cryptoeconomic-security",
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"learning-lit/backup-and-recovery"
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"learning-lit/backup-and-recovery",
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"learning-lit/threshold-cryptography"
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]
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}
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]

‎docs/learning-lit/cryptoeconomic-security.mdx‎

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---
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<Warning>
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The <b>$LITKEY</b> token and v1 Mainnet are <b>NOT YET LIVE</b>, but are coming soon.
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The v1 Mainnet is <b>NOT YET LIVE</b>, but is coming soon.
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[Follow Lit Protocol on X](https://x.com/LitProtocol) to stay up to date.
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</Warning>
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‎docs/learning-lit/threshold-cryptography.mdx‎

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---
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title: "Threshold Cryptography"
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---
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Lit Protocol supports a wide range of elliptic curves and signing schemes, all securely implemented using threshold cryptography and threshold consensus within a trusted execution environment (TEE).
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## Supported Elliptic Curves and Signing Schemes
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| Signing Scheme | Curves | Crates (Rust) | `CurveType` | `SigningScheme` |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| **ECDSA** ([Damgård et al.](https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/501.pdf)) | secp256k1 | [`k256`](https://crates.io/crates/k256) | `K256` | `EcdsaK256Sha256` |
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| | P-256 (secp256r1) | [`p256`](https://crates.io/crates/p256) | `P256` | `EcdsaP256Sha256` |
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| | P-384 (secp384r1) | [`p384`](https://crates.io/crates/p384) | `P384` | `EcdsaP384Sha384` |
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| **Schnorr** (FROST) | secp256k1 | [`k256`](https://crates.io/crates/k256) | `K256` | `SchnorrK256Sha256` |
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| | secp256k1 (Taproot) | [`k256`](https://crates.io/crates/k256) | `K256` | `SchnorrK256Taproot` |
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| | P-256 (secp256r1) | [`p256`](https://crates.io/crates/p256) | `P256` | `SchnorrP256Sha256` |
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| | P-384 (secp384r1) | [`p384`](https://crates.io/crates/p384) | `P384` | `SchnorrP384Sha384` |
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| | Ed25519 | [`curve25519-dalek`](https://crates.io/crates/curve25519-dalek), [`ed25519-dalek`](https://crates.io/crates/ed25519-dalek) | `Ed25519` | `SchnorrEd25519Sha512` |
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| | Ristretto25519 | [`curve25519-dalek`](https://crates.io/crates/curve25519-dalek) | `Ristretto25519` | `SchnorrRistretto25519Sha512` |
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| | Ristretto25519 (sr25519) | [`curve25519-dalek`](https://crates.io/crates/curve25519-dalek) | `Ristretto25519` | `SchnorrkelSubstrate` |
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| | Ed448 | [`ed448-goldilocks`](https://crates.io/crates/ed448-goldilocks) | `Ed448` | `SchnorrEd448Shake256` |
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| | RedJubjub | [`jubjub`](https://crates.io/crates/jubjub) | `RedJubjub` | `SchnorrRedJubjubBlake2b512` |
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| | RedDecaf377 | [`decaf377`](https://crates.io/crates/decaf377) | `RedDecaf377` | `SchnorrRedDecaf377Blake2b512` |
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| **BLS** (Basic, MsgAug, PoP) | BLS12-381 (G2) | [`blstrs-plus`](https://crates.io/crates/blstrs-plus), `blsful` | `BLS` | `Bls12381` |
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| | BLS12-381 (G1) | [`blstrs-plus`](https://crates.io/crates/blstrs-plus), `blsful` | `BLS12381G1` | `Bls12381G1ProofOfPossession` |
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## Supported Chains
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### secp256k1 (K256) with ECDSA
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**Bitcoin Ecosystem:**
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- Bitcoin (BTC) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Bitcoin Cash (BCH) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Bitcoin SV (BSV) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Litecoin (LTC) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Dogecoin (DOGE) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Zcash (ZEC) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Dash (DASH) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Decred (DCR) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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**Ethereum Ecosystem:**
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- Ethereum (ETH) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Ethereum Classic (ETC) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Polygon (MATIC) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Binance Smart Chain (BNB) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Avalanche (AVAX) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Fantom (FTM) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Arbitrum - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Optimism - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Base - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- zkSync - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Linea - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Scroll - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Gnosis Chain (xDai) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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**Cosmos Ecosystem:**
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- Cosmos (ATOM) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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**Other secp256k1 Chains:**
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- Tron (TRX) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- VeChain (VET) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- EOS - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Theta Network (THETA) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Qtum (QTUM) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Zilliqa (ZIL) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- ICON (ICX) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- DigiByte (DGB) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Komodo (KMD) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Verge (XVG) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Ravencoin (RVN) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Horizen (ZEN) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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### secp256k1 (K256) with Schnorr
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- Bitcoin (Taproot) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrK256Taproot`
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### P-256 (secp256r1) with ECDSA
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- Flow - `CurveType::P256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaP256Sha256`
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- NEO - `CurveType::P256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaP256Sha256`
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- Ontology (ONT) - `CurveType::P256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaP256Sha256`
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- Hyperledger Fabric - `CurveType::P256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaP256Sha256`
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- Tezos (optional) - `CurveType::P256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaP256Sha256`
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- WebAuthn / Passkeys - `CurveType::P256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaP256Sha256`
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### P-384 (secp384r1) with ECDSA
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- Enterprise PKI systems - `CurveType::P384`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaP384Sha384`
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- Government and high-security applications - `CurveType::P384`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaP384Sha384`
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### Ed25519 with EdDSA (Schnorr)
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- Solana (SOL) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Stellar (XLM) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Cardano (ADA) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Algorand (ALGO) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Hedera Hashgraph (HBAR) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Elrond (EGLD) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Tezos (optional) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Ripple (XRP, optional) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- NEM (XEM) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Waves (WAVES) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Lisk (LSK) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Nano (NANO) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Siacoin (SC) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Monero (XMR, variant) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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### Ristretto25519 with Schnorr/Schnorrkel
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- Polkadot (DOT, sr25519) - `CurveType::Ristretto25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrkelSubstrate`
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- Kusama (KSM, sr25519) - `CurveType::Ristretto25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrkelSubstrate`
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- All Polkadot Parachains (sr25519) - `CurveType::Ristretto25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrkelSubstrate`
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- All Substrate-based chains (sr25519) - `CurveType::Ristretto25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrkelSubstrate`
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### Ed448 with Schnorr
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- Research and experimental protocols - `CurveType::Ed448`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd448Shake256`
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- High-security government applications - `CurveType::Ed448`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd448Shake256`
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### RedJubjub with Schnorr
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- Zcash (Sapling shielded transactions) - `CurveType::RedJubjub`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrRedJubjubBlake2b512`
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### RedDecaf377 with Schnorr (RedDSA)
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- Penumbra - `CurveType::RedDecaf377`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrRedDecaf377Blake2b512`
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### BLS12-381 with BLS Signatures
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- Ethereum (Consensus Layer / Beacon Chain) - `CurveType::BLS`, `SigningScheme::Bls12381`
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- Filecoin (FIL) - `CurveType::BLS`, `SigningScheme::Bls12381`
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- Chia (XCH) - `CurveType::BLS`, `SigningScheme::Bls12381`
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- Dfinity (ICP) - `CurveType::BLS`, `SigningScheme::Bls12381`

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