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‎docs/learning-lit/threshold-cryptography.mdx‎

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title: "Threshold Cryptography"
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mode: "wide"
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Lit Protocol supports a wide range of elliptic curves and signing schemes, all securely implemented using threshold cryptography and threshold consensus within a trusted execution environment (TEE).
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## Supported Elliptic Curves and Signing Schemes
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| Curve | Algorithms (TSS) | Crates (Rust) | Lit enums | Example chains |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| secp256k1 | ECDSA ([Damgård et al.](https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/501.pdf)), Schnorr (FROST, Taproot) | [`k256`](https://crates.io/crates/k256) | `CurveType::K256`; `SigningScheme::{EcdsaK256Sha256,SchnorrK256Sha256,SchnorrK256Taproot}` | Bitcoin, Ethereum |
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| P-256 (secp256r1) | ECDSA ([Damgård et al.](https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/501.pdf)), Schnorr (FROST) | [`p256`](https://crates.io/crates/p256) | `CurveType::P256`; `SigningScheme::{EcdsaP256Sha256,SchnorrP256Sha256}` | Flow, Hyperledger Fabric |
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| P-384 (secp384r1) | ECDSA ([Damgård et al.](https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/501.pdf)), Schnorr (FROST) | [`p384`](https://crates.io/crates/p384) | `CurveType::P384`; `SigningScheme::{EcdsaP384Sha384,SchnorrP384Sha384}` | Enterprise/PKI contexts |
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| Ed25519 | Schnorr (FROST/EdDSA) | [`curve25519-dalek`](https://crates.io/crates/curve25519-dalek), [`ed25519-dalek`](https://crates.io/crates/ed25519-dalek) | `CurveType::Ed25519`; `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512` | Solana, Stellar |
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| Ristretto25519 | Schnorr (FROST, Schnorrkel/Substrate) | [`curve25519-dalek`](https://crates.io/crates/curve25519-dalek) | `CurveType::Ristretto25519`; `SigningScheme::{SchnorrRistretto25519Sha512,SchnorrkelSubstrate}` | Polkadot/Substrate (sr25519) |
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| Ed448 | Schnorr (FROST) | [`ed448-goldilocks`](https://crates.io/crates/ed448-goldilocks) | `CurveType::Ed448`; `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd448Shake256` | Research/interop |
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| RedJubjub | Schnorr (FROST) | [`jubjub`](https://crates.io/crates/jubjub) | `CurveType::RedJubjub`; `SigningScheme::SchnorrRedJubjubBlake2b512` | Zcash (Sapling/RedJubjub) |
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| RedDecaf377 | Schnorr (FROST) | [`decaf377`](https://crates.io/crates/decaf377) | `CurveType::RedDecaf377`; `SigningScheme::SchnorrRedDecaf377Blake2b512` | Penumbra (RedDSA) |
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| BLS12-381 (G1/G2) | BLS (Basic, MsgAug, PoP) | [`blstrs-plus`](https://crates.io/crates/blstrs-plus), `blsful` | `CurveType::{BLS,BLS12381G1}`; `SigningScheme::{Bls12381,Bls12381G1ProofOfPossession}` | Ethereum consensus, Filecoin |
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<Note>BLS supports multiple schemes including Proof of Possession.</Note>
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| Curve | Algorithms (TSS) | Crates (Rust) | Lit enums |
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|---|---|---|---|
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| secp256k1 | ECDSA ([Damgård et al.](https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/501.pdf)), Schnorr (FROST, Taproot) | [`k256`](https://crates.io/crates/k256) | `CurveType::K256`; `SigningScheme::{EcdsaK256Sha256,SchnorrK256Sha256,SchnorrK256Taproot}` |
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| P-256 (secp256r1) | ECDSA ([Damgård et al.](https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/501.pdf)), Schnorr (FROST) | [`p256`](https://crates.io/crates/p256) | `CurveType::P256`; `SigningScheme::{EcdsaP256Sha256,SchnorrP256Sha256}` |
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| P-384 (secp384r1) | ECDSA ([Damgård et al.](https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/501.pdf)), Schnorr (FROST) | [`p384`](https://crates.io/crates/p384) | `CurveType::P384`; `SigningScheme::{EcdsaP384Sha384,SchnorrP384Sha384}` |
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| Ed25519 | Schnorr (FROST/EdDSA) | [`curve25519-dalek`](https://crates.io/crates/curve25519-dalek), [`ed25519-dalek`](https://crates.io/crates/ed25519-dalek) | `CurveType::Ed25519`; `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512` |
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| Ristretto25519 | Schnorr (FROST, Schnorrkel/Substrate) | [`curve25519-dalek`](https://crates.io/crates/curve25519-dalek) | `CurveType::Ristretto25519`; `SigningScheme::{SchnorrRistretto25519Sha512,SchnorrkelSubstrate}` |
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| Ed448 | Schnorr (FROST) | [`ed448-goldilocks`](https://crates.io/crates/ed448-goldilocks) | `CurveType::Ed448`; `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd448Shake256` |
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| RedJubjub | Schnorr (FROST) | [`jubjub`](https://crates.io/crates/jubjub) | `CurveType::RedJubjub`; `SigningScheme::SchnorrRedJubjubBlake2b512` |
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| RedDecaf377 | Schnorr (FROST) | [`decaf377`](https://crates.io/crates/decaf377) | `CurveType::RedDecaf377`; `SigningScheme::SchnorrRedDecaf377Blake2b512` |
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| BLS12-381 (G1/G2) | BLS (Basic, MsgAug, PoP) | [`blstrs-plus`](https://crates.io/crates/blstrs-plus), `blsful` | `CurveType::{BLS,BLS12381G1}`; `SigningScheme::{Bls12381,Bls12381G1ProofOfPossession}` |
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<Note>BLS supports multiple schemes including Proof of Possession.</Note>
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## Supported Chains
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### secp256k1 (K256) with ECDSA
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**Bitcoin Ecosystem:**
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- Bitcoin (BTC) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Bitcoin Cash (BCH) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Bitcoin SV (BSV) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Litecoin (LTC) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Dogecoin (DOGE) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Zcash (ZEC) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Dash (DASH) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Decred (DCR) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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**Ethereum Ecosystem:**
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- Ethereum (ETH) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Ethereum Classic (ETC) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Polygon (MATIC) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Binance Smart Chain (BNB) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Avalanche (AVAX) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Fantom (FTM) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Arbitrum - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Optimism - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Base - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- zkSync - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Linea - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Scroll - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Gnosis Chain (xDai) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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**Cosmos Ecosystem:**
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- Cosmos (ATOM) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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**Other secp256k1 Chains:**
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- Tron (TRX) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- VeChain (VET) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- EOS - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Theta Network (THETA) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Qtum (QTUM) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Zilliqa (ZIL) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- ICON (ICX) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- DigiByte (DGB) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Komodo (KMD) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Verge (XVG) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Ravencoin (RVN) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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- Horizen (ZEN) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaK256Sha256`
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### secp256k1 (K256) with Schnorr
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- Bitcoin (Taproot) - `CurveType::K256`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrK256Taproot`
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### P-256 (secp256r1) with ECDSA
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- Flow - `CurveType::P256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaP256Sha256`
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- NEO - `CurveType::P256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaP256Sha256`
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- Ontology (ONT) - `CurveType::P256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaP256Sha256`
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- Hyperledger Fabric - `CurveType::P256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaP256Sha256`
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- Tezos (optional) - `CurveType::P256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaP256Sha256`
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- WebAuthn / Passkeys - `CurveType::P256`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaP256Sha256`
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### P-384 (secp384r1) with ECDSA
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- Enterprise PKI systems - `CurveType::P384`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaP384Sha384`
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- Government and high-security applications - `CurveType::P384`, `SigningScheme::EcdsaP384Sha384`
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### Ed25519 with EdDSA (Schnorr)
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- Solana (SOL) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Stellar (XLM) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Cardano (ADA) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Algorand (ALGO) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Hedera Hashgraph (HBAR) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Elrond (EGLD) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Tezos (optional) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Ripple (XRP, optional) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- NEM (XEM) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Waves (WAVES) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Lisk (LSK) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Nano (NANO) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Siacoin (SC) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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- Monero (XMR, variant) - `CurveType::Ed25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd25519Sha512`
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### Ristretto25519 with Schnorr/Schnorrkel
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- Polkadot (DOT, sr25519) - `CurveType::Ristretto25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrkelSubstrate`
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- Kusama (KSM, sr25519) - `CurveType::Ristretto25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrkelSubstrate`
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- All Polkadot Parachains (sr25519) - `CurveType::Ristretto25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrkelSubstrate`
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- All Substrate-based chains (sr25519) - `CurveType::Ristretto25519`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrkelSubstrate`
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### Ed448 with Schnorr
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- Research and experimental protocols - `CurveType::Ed448`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd448Shake256`
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- High-security government applications - `CurveType::Ed448`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrEd448Shake256`
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### RedJubjub with Schnorr
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- Zcash (Sapling shielded transactions) - `CurveType::RedJubjub`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrRedJubjubBlake2b512`
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### RedDecaf377 with Schnorr (RedDSA)
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- Penumbra - `CurveType::RedDecaf377`, `SigningScheme::SchnorrRedDecaf377Blake2b512`
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### BLS12-381 with BLS Signatures
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- Ethereum (Consensus Layer / Beacon Chain) - `CurveType::BLS`, `SigningScheme::Bls12381`
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- Filecoin (FIL) - `CurveType::BLS`, `SigningScheme::Bls12381`
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- Chia (XCH) - `CurveType::BLS`, `SigningScheme::Bls12381`
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- Dfinity (ICP) - `CurveType::BLS`, `SigningScheme::Bls12381`

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