docker: build images for latest PT 2.8

[Borda]

What does this PR do?

preparing images to be able to bump GPU CI for testing with latest Torch

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📚 Documentation preview 📚: https://pytorch-lightning--21042.org.readthedocs.build/en/21042/

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR updates Docker configurations to support PyTorch version 2.8, preparing the infrastructure for GPU CI testing with the latest PyTorch release. The changes involve updating version parameters across multiple Dockerfiles and GitHub Actions workflows.

• Updates PyTorch version from 2.0/2.1/2.7 to 2.8 across Docker configurations
• Updates CUDA version from 11.8.0 to 12.6.3 for compatibility with PyTorch 2.8
• Modifies build matrix in GitHub Actions to include PyTorch 2.8.0 configurations

Reviewed Changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

File	Description
dockers/release/Dockerfile	Updates PyTorch version to 2.8 and CUDA version to 12.6.3
dockers/nvidia/Dockerfile	Updates NVIDIA PyTorch container version from 22.09 to 24.05
dockers/base-cuda/Dockerfile	Updates PyTorch version to 2.8 and improves MAKEFLAGS configuration
.github/workflows/docker-build.yml	Adds PyTorch 2.8.0 to build matrix and updates version configurations

[github-actions]

⚡ Required checks status: All passing 🟢

Groups summary

🟢 pytorch_lightning: Docker

Check ID	Status
build-cuda (3.10, 2.1.2, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-cuda (3.11, 2.2.2, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-cuda (3.11, 2.3.1, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-cuda (3.11, 2.4.1, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-cuda (3.12, 2.5.1, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-cuda (3.12, 2.6.0, 12.4.1)	success	✅
build-pl (3.10, 2.1, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-pl (3.11, 2.2, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-pl (3.11, 2.3, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-pl (3.11, 2.4, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-pl (3.12, 2.5, 12.1.1)	success	✅
build-pl (3.12, 2.6, 12.4.1)	success	✅
build-pl (3.12, 2.7, 12.6.3)	success	✅
build-pl (3.12, 2.8, 12.6.3, true)	success	✅

These checks are required after the changes to .github/workflows/docker-build.yml, dockers/base-cuda/Dockerfile, dockers/nvidia/Dockerfile, dockers/release/Dockerfile.

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Thank you for your contribution! 💜

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