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docs/how-to/cgm.md

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Obviously, without CGM data your Loop will not function. With the stability that Looping brings, many people are looking for ways to minimize their Loop downtime due to avoidable factors. Factors that make CGMs a potential problem include sensor failure, transmitter signal loss, poor calibrations, and the warmup period.
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## Sensor warmup
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One of the obvious downtimes is during new sensor warmup. Unfortunately, the only way to avoid the 2-hour warmup (in the case of Dexcom's system) is to overlap your sensor sessions and this just isn't feasible for most people.
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One of the obvious downtimes is during new sensor warmup.
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* Insurance doesn't provide adequate supplies to overlap sensor supplies; you would need two active transmitters and enough sensors to allow for overlap of use.
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* Sometimes sensors fail before a session was due to expire, making a planned overlap impossible.
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* Some people just don't want to wear two sensors at once.
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### Dexcom G7 CGM
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One of the nice things about the Dexcom G7 is that many people begin the warm-up of the new sensor while the current sensor is in the grace period. Amazing - no gap in CGM coverage.
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### CGM that cannot be overlapped
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Unfortunately, many sensors cannot be overlapped, so there will be a period without CGM data between sensors.
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Since warmups are an important part of stabilizing CGM values and decreasing sensor noise, they are just going to continue to be a no-Loop time period for the foreseeable future. Most people simply cancel a currently running temporary basal, or let it run its course, when they start a new sensor session. For the two hours of warmup, the Loop will revert to the basal schedule programmed into the pump.
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Some people have opted to keep looping during sensor warmups by manually entering blood glucose checks through the Apple Health app for Loop to read. While technically Loop can use those values, the entries would have to be sufficiently frequent to be meaningful. If a person is willing to test 8-12 times in a two hour span, then looping through sensor warmup could be feasible through this method.
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Some people have opted to keep looping during sensor warmups by manually entering blood glucose checks, either through the *Loop* app (with version 3 and newer) or through the Apple Health app. While technically Loop can use those values, the entries would have to be sufficiently frequent to be meaningful. If a person is willing to test 8-12 times in a two hour span, then looping through sensor warmup could be feasible through this method.
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## Sensor noise
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Depending on which CGM device you use, you may observe a sweet spot of data accuracy in the middle of your sensor's session but have sensor "noise" at the beginning and end of the session. Generally speaking, Loop does fairly well despite these times of sensor noise, although having a reasonable maximum basal rate does help mitigate the risk due to a noisy sensor.

docs/how-to/disconnect.md

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# Disconnecting from Pump
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For Medtronic pump users, you will have times where you need to disconnect from your insulin infusion site. Showers, some sports activities, swimming, and medical exams are some of the common reasons when disconnections are unavoidable.
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For tubed pump users, you will have times where you need to disconnect from your insulin infusion site. Showers, some sports activities, swimming, and medical exams are some of the common reasons when disconnections are unavoidable.
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The simplest way to deal with periods of disconnect is to suspend the Medtronic pump so that Loop knows no insulin was being delivered while you were disconnected. This will let Loop know that there is missing basal insulin that may need to be considered as part of the blood glucose prediction. Typically when disconnected from insulin delivery and negative insulin on board has developed, blood glucose will start to rise so Loop will expect to need to make up the missed insulin from disconnections.
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The simplest way to deal with periods of disconnect is to suspend the pump so that Loop knows no insulin was being delivered while you were disconnected. This will let Loop know that there is missing basal insulin that may need to be considered as part of the blood glucose prediction. Typically when disconnected from insulin delivery and negative insulin on board has developed, blood glucose will start to rise so Loop will expect to need to make up the missed insulin from disconnections.
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Some users are prone to forget to resume insulin delivery after suspending for disconnects. One option is to use Siri by simply saying "Hey Siri, set a timer for 30 minutes" and that can serve as a reminder alarm to resume the pump after the shower is over. Other users may want to consider canceling any running temporary basal, setting a 30 minute zero temporary basal, and then setting Loop to open loop. This will keep IOB fairly accurate while at the same time providing an automatic restart of normal basals if the user forgets to resume delivery. The user will then have to close loop again when ready to resume looping. Find what option works for you (or your child) the best; there are a number of ways to deal with disconnects.
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docs/how-to/exercise.md

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1. **Before**: Set override target 1-2 hours early to reduce IOB
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2. **During**: Monitor CGM and adjust carbs/override as needed
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3. **After**: Keep override active for hours to manage increased insulin sensitivity
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3. **After**: Keep override active to manage increased insulin sensitivity
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* Depending on the type of exercise, how accustomed your body is to exercise, and whether the Insulin Needs setting is adjusted in the override - you may need to turn off the override when you stop the exercise
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4. **Learn**: Track what works for your specific exercise types and intensity levels

docs/how-to/high-bg.md

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*"How do I deal with high glucose that seems to be stuck?"*
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> When you and your *Loop* are disagreeing about how much insulin you need to bring down a high glucose value, take a deep breath. Unfortunately, most of the time our disagreement is rooted in the impatience that the pump's insulin works so dang slow. We get tired of waiting another 4-6 hours until glucose will be back in range after a correction.
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> When you and your *Loop* are disagreeing about how much insulin you need to bring down a high glucose value, take a deep breath. Unfortunately, most of the time the disagreement is rooted in the impatience that the pump's insulin works so dang slow. We get tired of waiting another 4-6 hours until glucose will be back in range after a correction.
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## Decision Guide: What to Try First
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docs/how-to/iob.md

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![Looped1](img/looped1.jpg){width="300"}
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{align="center"}
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To illustrate how to use morning IOB and blood glucose to check your basal rates, we will walk through a series of screenshots from a recent Loop experience. When the Looper woke up, she was below her 95 mg/dL target, but relatively steady. At about 8:48am, Nightscout showed negative IOB of -1.33 units, blood glucose of 90 mg/dL and slightly rising but still below a target of 95 mg/dL. (Note: this situation is similar to what the original Facebook poster above was describLooped2](ing.)
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To illustrate how to use morning IOB and blood glucose to check your basal rates, we will walk through a series of screenshots from a recent Loop experience. When the Looper woke up, she was below her 95 mg/dL target, but relatively steady. At about 8:48am, Nightscout showed negative IOB of -1.33 units, blood glucose of 90 mg/dL and slightly rising but still below a target of 95 mg/dL. (Note: this situation is similar to what the original Facebook poster above was describing.)
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![Looped2](img/looped2.jpg){width="750"}
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{align="center"}

docs/how-to/site-fail.md

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![insulin percent remaining](img/insulin_percent_remaining.png)
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## Injections or Afrezza
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You can take an injection to make up some of the missing insulin from the site failure. Or if you use Afrezza, take that. Often people choose to take non-pump insulin equal to a fraction of the IOB that Loop thought was present but was not actually absorbed.
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When recovering from a site failure, you may choose not to let the [Loop system about the extra insulin](https://loopkit.github.io/loopdocs//loop-3/features/#non-pump-insulin). But that is a personal choice.
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## Prime Insulin
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If you are more certain about how much insulin is missing from your Loop's tracking of active insulin, you can choose to deliver insulin using the "prime" delivery function in your Medtronic pump while having your tubing connected to the new, working infusion site. Assuming you are using a Preferred Data Source set to Event History (most people are since this is the default setting), then prime insulin is not counted towards active insulin. In this way, you can deliver insulin to make up for some of the insulin that Loop had thought had been delivered (but wasn't).
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docs/index.md

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# Introduction
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Welcome to LoopTips! The purpose of these pages is to help you make the most of your DIY closed-looping experience.
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Welcome to *LoopTips*! The purpose of these pages is to help you make the most of your *Loop* experience.
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## Who Should Use LoopTips?
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## Who Should Use *LoopTips*?
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LoopTips is designed for people who:
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*LoopTips* is designed for people who:
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- Already have Loop built and running
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- Want to optimize their Loop settings and outcomes
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- Need practical guidance on using Loop in daily life
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- Want to understand how Loop makes decisions
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- Already have the *Loop* app built and running
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- Want to optimize their *Loop* settings and outcomes
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- Need practical guidance on using *Loop* in daily life
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- Want to understand how *Loop* makes decisions
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If you haven't built Loop yet or need technical troubleshooting, visit [LoopDocs](https://loopkit.github.io/loopdocs/){: target="_blank" } first.
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*LoopTips* can be helpful for those using a different hybrid closed-loop system, both Open-Source and commercial. There are some sections with tips applicable to more than just the *Loop* app.
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## LoopTips vs LoopDocs
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If you haven't built *Loop* yet or need technical troubleshooting, visit [*LoopDocs*](https://loopkit.github.io/loopdocs/){: target="_blank" } first.
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## *LoopTips* vs *LoopDocs*
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Think of these two resources as complementary guides:
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- **LoopDocs**: Building, installing, and technical troubleshooting
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- **LoopDocs**: Building, installing, operating and technical troubleshooting
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- **LoopTips**: Understanding Loop's algorithm, optimizing settings, and improving glucose outcomes
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Some pages that originated in LoopTips are now included in LoopDocs. Don't be surprised when you find links between the sites. The color bar is deliberately a different shade to help you know where you are.
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Some pages that originated in *LoopTips* are now included in *LoopDocs*. Don't be surprised when you find links between the sites. The color bar is deliberately a different shade to help you know where you are.
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## How to Use This Documentation
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**Start Here:**
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1. **Settings** - Learn why settings matter and how to configure your initial settings correctly
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2. **Think Like a Loop** - Understand how Loop makes decisions (essential reading!)
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3. **Data Tools** - Set up tools to track and analyze your Loop data
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1. [**Settings**](settings/settings.md){: target="_blank" } - Learn why settings matter and how to configure your initial settings correctly
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2. [**Think Like a Loop**](how-to/think-like-loop.md){: target="_blank" } - Understand how Loop makes decisions (essential reading!)
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3. [**Data Tools**](data/overview.md){: target="_blank" } - Set up tools to track and analyze your Loop data
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**Daily Management:**
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>*An Artificial Pancreas Device System will not only monitor glucose levels in the body but also automatically adjust the delivery of insulin to reduce high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) and minimize the incidence of low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) with little or no input from the patient."*
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## What is Loop?
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## What is `Loop`?
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The Loop app is a do-it-yourself closed loop algorithm and user interface, developed through the work of community volunteers. You can read about the history of Loop development in LoopDocs. Loop predicts future blood glucose based on basals, carbohydrate intake, insulin deliveries, and current CGM readings. These blood glucose predictions provide Loop with the information needed to recommend a temporary basal rate to attain a targeted glucose range in the future. The system can either operate as an open loop by making recommendations to the user for their approval before enacting or as a closed loop by automatically setting the recommended temporary basal rate.
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The *Loop* app is a do-it-yourself closed loop algorithm and user interface, developed through the work of community volunteers. You can read about the history of *Loop* development in *LoopDocs*. *Loop* predicts future blood glucose based on basals, carbohydrate intake, insulin deliveries, and current CGM readings. These blood glucose predictions provide *Loop* with the information needed to recommend a temporary basal rate to attain a targeted glucose range in the future. The system can either operate as an `open loop` by making recommendations to the user for their approval before enacting or as a `closed loop` by automatically setting the recommended temporary basal rate.
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As exciting as this sounds...we should first get the caveats out of the way. There are some limitations on what kind of pumps/equipment are required. This system doesn't work with most pumps and requires you to do some work. The pumps that are supported and the directions for building are thoroughly covered in [LoopDocs](https://loopkit.github.io/loopdocs/){: target="_blank" }.
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As exciting as this sounds...we should first get the caveats out of the way. There are some limitations on what kind of pumps/equipment are required. This system doesn't work with most pumps and requires you to do some work. The pumps that are supported and the directions for building are thoroughly covered in [*LoopDocs*](https://loopkit.github.io/loopdocs/){: target="_blank" }.
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## Terminology Used in This Documentation
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Throughout LoopTips, we use standard abbreviations for common diabetes terms:
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Throughout *LoopTips*, we use standard abbreviations for common diabetes terms:
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- **BG** = Blood Glucose (also referred to as "glucose" or "blood sugar")
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- **IOB** = Insulin On Board (active insulin in your body)
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* IOB is measured with respect to your scheduled basal, so it can be negative when basal is withheld to prevent lows
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- **COB** = Carbs On Board (carbohydrates still being digested)
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- **ISF** = Insulin Sensitivity Factor (how much one unit of insulin lowers glucose)
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- **CR** = Carb Ratio (how many grams of carbs are covered by one unit of insulin)
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- **DIA** = Duration of Insulin Action (how long insulin remains active)
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- **AID** = Automated Insulin Delivery system (refers to commercial as well as Open-Source systems)
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- **OS-AID** = Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery system (refers to *Loop* and others such as *Trio* and *iAPS)
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- **OS-AID** = Open-Source Automated Insulin Delivery system (refers to *Loop* and others such as *Trio*, *iAPS*, *OpenAPS*, *AAPS*)
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When we say "correction range" or "target range," we're referring to the same thing - your desired glucose range configured in Loop settings.
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## Disclaimer
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While it may seem obvious, please consult with your healthcare professional regarding your diabetes management. The suggestions and discussion in LoopTips are not a one-size-fits-all nor intended to replace the input from your doctor. You take full responsibility for building and running this system and do so at your own risk.
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While it may seem obvious, please consult with your healthcare professional regarding your diabetes management. The suggestions and discussion in *LoopTips* are not a one-size-fits-all nor intended to replace the input from your doctor. You take full responsibility for building and running this system and do so at your own risk.
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docs/settings/adjust.md

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* Bad infusion site (kinked cannula, blood in cannula, infected site?)
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* Bad insulin (cloudy? insulin exposed to heat/freezing?)
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* Unexpected food impacts (that diet Coke wasn't diet, kid sneaking food?)
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* Unexpected food impacts (that diet Coke wasn't diet, eating food without bolusing or announcing carbs?)
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* CGM damaged (poor calibration, damaged sensor site?)
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Some signs that the issue is actually the result of equipment failure include the failure of blood glucose to decrease despite repeated bolus corrections. Often during equipment failure troubleshooting, you've blamed the food (and adjusted a carbohydrate count), given corrections, checked for hidden food wrappers, and maybe even open-looped rage bolused. Breathe deep, it is super frustrating to have equipment failure. One of the benefits of Loop can be that equipment failures can become a little easier to identify over time because blood glucose control becomes more predictable and reliable.
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Whether you undertake the adjustments by yourself and/or with your healthcare provider's input is at your own discretion. Ideally, you would have your healthcare provider's input and support to discuss the observations and concerns you have and develop an adjusted setting profile based on those discussions. Many endocrinologists are still becoming familiar with Loop and its algorithm, so providing them links to the various sites would be a good starting point for discussion. This can help the endocrinologist understand where Loop is similar/different than traditional pump therapy. If you and your healthcare provider are comfortable with your self-adjustments and Loop's algorithm, then proceed ahead.
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To begin the process of settings adjustment, visualizing your data trends is important. You need to be able to piece together what was eaten, how it was bolused, what temporary basals were applied, and how your blood glucose was reacting. The Data section of LoopTips covers the various places you can find your diabetes-related data to help you during adjustments.
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To begin the process of settings adjustment, visualizing your data trends is important. You need to be able to piece together what was eaten, how it was bolused, what temporary basals were applied, and how your blood glucose was reacting. The Data section of LoopTips covers the various places you can find your diabetes-related data to help you during adjustments. But first, read through the How To section to get ideas how to use your Data.

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