Procmacro to derive unary/binary function definitions (#32083)

Similar to the `sqlfunc!` macro, this proc macro derives the helper
traits for unary and binary functions.

Here's a binary function for which we generate the `EagerBinaryFunc`
trait implementation:
```rust
#[sqlfunc(is_monotone = (true, true), output_type = i16, is_infix_op = true, sqlname="+")]
fn add_int16<'a>(a: Datum<'a>, b: Datum<'a>) -> Result<Datum<'a>, EvalError> {
    a.unwrap_int16()
        .checked_add(b.unwrap_int16())
        .ok_or(EvalError::NumericFieldOverflow)
        .map(Datum::from)
}
```

The parameters control the behavior of the code that we generate and
allow the function to override the default behavior.

### Checklist

- [ ] This PR has adequate test coverage / QA involvement has been duly
considered. ([trigger-ci for additional test/nightly
runs](https://trigger-ci.dev.materialize.com/))
- [ ] This PR has an associated up-to-date [design
doc](https://github.com/MaterializeInc/materialize/blob/main/doc/developer/design/README.md),
is a design doc
([template](https://github.com/MaterializeInc/materialize/blob/main/doc/developer/design/00000000_template.md)),
or is sufficiently small to not require a design.
  <!-- Reference the design in the description. -->
- [ ] If this PR evolves [an existing `$T ⇔ Proto$T`
mapping](https://github.com/MaterializeInc/materialize/blob/main/doc/developer/command-and-response-binary-encoding.md)
(possibly in a backwards-incompatible way), then it is tagged with a
`T-proto` label.
- [ ] If this PR will require changes to cloud orchestration or tests,
there is a companion cloud PR to account for those changes that is
tagged with the release-blocker label
([example](MaterializeInc/cloud#5021)).
<!-- Ask in #team-cloud on Slack if you need help preparing the cloud
PR. -->
- [ ] If this PR includes major [user-facing behavior
changes](https://github.com/MaterializeInc/materialize/blob/main/doc/developer/guide-changes.md#what-changes-require-a-release-note),
I have pinged the relevant PM to schedule a changelog post.

---------

Signed-off-by: Moritz Hoffmann <mh@materialize.com>

Author: antiguru

Cargo.lock

@@ -1,26 +1,28 @@
 [workspace]
 members = [
+    "misc/bazel/cargo-gazelle",
     "src/adapter",
     "src/adapter-types",
     "src/alloc",
     "src/alloc-default",
     "src/arrow-util",
     "src/audit-log",
     "src/avro",
-    "src/aws-util",
     "src/aws-secrets-controller",
+    "src/aws-util",
     "src/balancerd",
     "src/build-info",
     "src/build-tools",
-    "src/ccsr",
     "src/catalog",
     "src/catalog-debug",
     "src/catalog-protos",
+    "src/ccsr",
     "src/cloud-api",
     "src/cloud-provider",
+    "src/cloud-resources",
     "src/cluster",
-    "src/clusterd",
     "src/cluster-client",
+    "src/clusterd",
     "src/compute",
     "src/compute-client",
     "src/compute-types",
@@ -32,6 +34,8 @@ members = [
     "src/dyncfgs",
     "src/environmentd",
     "src/expr",
+    "src/expr-derive",
+    "src/expr-derive-impl",
     "src/expr-parser",
     "src/expr-test-util",
     "src/fivetran-destination",
@@ -44,14 +48,14 @@ members = [
     "src/license-keys",
     "src/lowertest",
     "src/lowertest-derive",
+    "src/lsp-server",
+    "src/materialized",
     "src/materialized",
     "src/metabase",
+    "src/metrics",
     "src/mysql-util",
     "src/mz",
     "src/mz-debug",
-    "src/lsp-server",
-    "src/materialized",
-    "src/metrics",
     "src/npm",
     "src/orchestrator",
     "src/orchestrator-kubernetes",
@@ -65,7 +69,6 @@ members = [
     "src/persist-cli",
     "src/persist-client",
     "src/persist-proc",
-    "src/txn-wal",
     "src/persist-types",
     "src/pgcopy",
     "src/pgrepr",
@@ -79,6 +82,7 @@ members = [
     "src/prof",
     "src/prof-http",
     "src/proto",
+    "src/regexp",
     "src/repr",
     "src/repr-test-util",
     "src/rocksdb",
@@ -88,13 +92,13 @@ members = [
     "src/segment",
     "src/server-core",
     "src/service",
-    "src/ssh-util",
     "src/sql",
     "src/sql-lexer",
     "src/sql-parser",
     "src/sql-pretty",
     "src/sql-server-util",
     "src/sqllogictest",
+    "src/ssh-util",
     "src/storage",
     "src/storage-client",
     "src/storage-controller",
@@ -106,13 +110,11 @@ members = [
     "src/tls-util",
     "src/tracing",
     "src/transform",
-    "src/cloud-resources",
+    "src/txn-wal",
     "src/walkabout",
     "src/workspace-hack",
     "test/metabase/smoketest",
     "test/test-util",
-    "src/regexp",
-    "misc/bazel/cargo-gazelle",
 ]
 
 # We make all members of the workspace default members, *except* for a few
@@ -155,6 +157,8 @@ default-members = [
     "src/dyncfgs",
     "src/environmentd",
     "src/expr",
+    "src/expr-derive",
+    "src/expr-derive-impl",
     "src/expr-parser",
     "src/expr-test-util",
     "src/frontegg-auth",
@@ -269,6 +273,10 @@ differential-dataflow = { opt-level = 3 }
 mz-compute = { opt-level = 3 }
 mz-transform = { opt-level = 3 }
 
+# Recommended by insta
+insta = { opt-level = 3 }
+similar = { opt-level = 3 }
+
 [profile.release]
 # Compile time seems similar to "lto = false", runtime ~10% faster
 lto = "thin"

Cargo.toml

@@ -558,6 +558,8 @@ crates_repository(
         "rustc-demangle": [crate.annotation(rustc_flags = ["-Copt-level=3"])],
         "timely": [crate.annotation(rustc_flags = ["-Copt-level=3"])],
         "differential-dataflow": [crate.annotation(rustc_flags = ["-Copt-level=3"])],
+        "insta": [crate.annotation(rustc_flags = ["-Copt-level=3"])],
+        "similar": [crate.annotation(rustc_flags = ["-Copt-level=3"])],
     },
     cargo_config = "//:.cargo/config.toml",
     cargo_lockfile = "//:Cargo.lock",
@@ -611,6 +613,8 @@ crates_repository(
         "//:src/dyncfg-launchdarkly/Cargo.toml",
         "//:src/dyncfgs/Cargo.toml",
         "//:src/environmentd/Cargo.toml",
+        "//:src/expr-derive/Cargo.toml",
+        "//:src/expr-derive-impl/Cargo.toml",
         "//:src/expr-parser/Cargo.toml",
         "//:src/expr-test-util/Cargo.toml",
         "//:src/expr/Cargo.toml",

WORKSPACE

@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@ copyright_files=$(grep -vE \
     -e '^src/catalog/tests/snapshots/.*\.snap' \
     -e '^src/catalog/src/durable/upgrade/snapshots/.*' \
     -e '^src/catalog/src/durable/upgrade/persist/snapshots/.*\.snap' \
+    -e '^src/expr-derive-impl/src/snapshots.*' \
+    -e '^src/expr/src/scalar/func/snapshots/.*' \
+    -e '^src/expr/src/scalar/snapshots/.*' \
     -e '^src/license-keys/src/license_keys/.*\.pub' \
     -e '^src/storage-types/src/snapshots/.*' \
     -e '^src/repr/src/adt/snapshots/.*' \

ci/test/lint-main/checks/check-copyright.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+# Code generated by cargo-gazelle DO NOT EDIT
+
+# Copyright Materialize, Inc. and contributors. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Use of this software is governed by the Business Source License
+# included in the LICENSE file at the root of this repository.
+#
+# As of the Change Date specified in that file, in accordance with
+# the Business Source License, use of this software will be governed
+# by the Apache License, Version 2.0.
+
+load("@crates_io//:defs.bzl", "aliases", "all_crate_deps")
+load("@rules_rust//cargo:defs.bzl", "extract_cargo_lints")
+load("@rules_rust//rust:defs.bzl", "rust_doc_test", "rust_library", "rust_test")
+
+package(default_visibility = ["//visibility:public"])
+
+rust_library(
+    name = "mz_expr_derive_impl",
+    srcs = glob(["src/**/*.rs"]),
+    aliases = aliases(
+        normal = True,
+        proc_macro = True,
+    ),
+    compile_data = [],
+    crate_features = [
+        "default",
+        "insta",
+        "prettyplease",
+        "test",
+    ],
+    data = [],
+    lint_config = ":lints",
+    proc_macro_deps = [] + all_crate_deps(proc_macro = True),
+    rustc_env = {},
+    rustc_flags = ["-Copt-level=3"],
+    version = "0.0.0",
+    deps = [] + all_crate_deps(normal = True),
+)
+
+alias(
+    name = "expr-derive-impl",
+    actual = "mz_expr_derive_impl",
+)
+
+rust_test(
+    name = "mz_expr_derive_impl_lib_tests",
+    size = "medium",
+    aliases = aliases(
+        normal = True,
+        normal_dev = True,
+        proc_macro = True,
+        proc_macro_dev = True,
+    ),
+    compile_data = [],
+    crate = ":mz_expr_derive_impl",
+    crate_features = [
+        "default",
+        "insta",
+        "prettyplease",
+        "test",
+    ],
+    data = [],
+    env = {},
+    lint_config = ":lints",
+    proc_macro_deps = [] + all_crate_deps(
+        proc_macro = True,
+        proc_macro_dev = True,
+    ),
+    rustc_env = {},
+    rustc_flags = [],
+    version = "0.0.0",
+    deps = ["//src/ore:mz_ore"] + all_crate_deps(
+        normal = True,
+        normal_dev = True,
+    ),
+)
+
+rust_doc_test(
+    name = "mz_expr_derive_impl_doc_test",
+    crate = ":mz_expr_derive_impl",
+    deps = ["//src/ore:mz_ore"] + all_crate_deps(
+        normal = True,
+        normal_dev = True,
+    ),
+)
+
+extract_cargo_lints(
+    name = "lints",
+    manifest = "Cargo.toml",
+    workspace = "@//:Cargo.toml",
+)

src/expr-derive-impl/BUILD.bazel

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+[package]
+name = "mz-expr-derive-impl"
+description = "Implementations of derives for the core expression language for Materialize."
+version = "0.0.0"
+edition.workspace = true
+rust-version.workspace = true
+publish = false
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
+[dependencies]
+darling = "0.20.11"
+insta = { version = "1.42", optional = true, features = ["serde"] }
+prettyplease = { version = "0.2", optional = true }
+proc-macro2 = "1.0"
+quote = "1.0"
+syn = { version = "2.0", features = ["extra-traits"] }
+workspace-hack = { version = "0.0.0", path = "../workspace-hack", optional = true }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+insta = { version = "1.42", features = ["serde"] }
+mz-ore = { path = "../ore", features = ["test"] }
+prettyplease = "0.2"
+
+[package.metadata.cargo-gazelle.lib]
+rustc_flags = ["-Copt-level=3"]
+
+[package.metadata.cargo-udeps.ignore]
+normal = ["workspace-hack"]
+
+[features]
+default = ["workspace-hack"]
+test = ["prettyplease", "insta"]